"In the past few years China has rapidly become an important player in the media sector in many African countries in at least three ways. First, its economic success and the impressive growth of media outlets and users within China have quietly promoted an example of how the media can be deployed wi
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thin the larger political and economic strategies of developing states, moving beyond the democratization paradigm promoted in the West. It has shown that heavy investments in media and information and communication technologies can go hand-in-hand with a tight control over them, posing a lesser challenge to local governments and to political stability. Second, the Chinese government, and its associated companies, have enhanced their direct involvement in the telecommunication and media markets in Africa. Chinese companies have started winning large bids on the continent, as exemplified by the 1.7 billion dollars project won by the Chinese telecom giant ZTE to overhaul Ethiopia's telecommunication system. At the same time, the Chinese government has provided significant support to state broadcasters in selected countries, such as Kenya and Zambia. Third, China's public diplomacy strategy has been stepped up through expanding the reach and content of its international broadcasters including China Central Television-CCTV and China Radio International-CRI. There has also been a heavy investment in the growth of the government news agency, Xinhua. Cultural diplomacy has been growing through the continued establishment of Confucius institutes. And programmes that offer scholarships for foreign students and journalists to study in China have been expanded." (Executive summary)
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"As a follow up on the Media and Development Forum, which took place in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) on 11-13 September 2008, the European Commission initiated this study to map out the projects and programmes which European donors have in place to support media development in Africa [...] Some 240 co
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ntacts were identified and sent the questionnaire. 148 responses have been collected. 200 projects/programmes have been identified and analysed. These projects/programmes amounts to a support worth more than 100m €. The projects/programmes involve 46 out of the 57 African countries. Training is the dominant activity area. More than 1/3 of the projects have training as the main content. Additionally, in many cases the training activities support other activity areas, like production of programmes, setting up of radio stations etc. Only one small project address education of future journalists. 152 projects (76%) address only one country. These projects include 36 countries (63% of the countries in Africa and 78% of the countries which have received support). The projects targeting only one country amount to 60.739.635 €, which is 60% of the funding recorded in the survey. Very few countries receive the majority of the funding. The three countries receiving support for more than 5 mil € receive 32,8% of the total support. The data indicates that the major part of the support goes to countries in conflict/post-conflict or democracy crisis situations. ¾ of the projects are implemented by non-African organisations/institutions. Regarding New Media, the analysis shows that mobile phones and the Internet are gaining importance in the continent because of the numbers of subscribers and access possibilities are increasing. Initiatives are taken in many countries to make these tools real means of communication as well as sources of information and evidence and channels of dissemination of information in several areas of development. Despite of this development, only very few projects address new media." (Executive summary, page 5-7)
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"This study sets out to historically contextualize Chinese support to the African mediascape, arguing that contemporary Chinese media interventions in Africa must be seen as part of China's long history of anti-colonial and anti-imperial struggle in its project of national and international identifi
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cation. The study concludes that current Chinese support to Africa's media takes the tripartite form of infrastructural realignment, ideological expurgation and cultural reproduction. It ends with a call for a critical-theoretical trajectory for understanding Sino-African media relations, suggesting a triangulated theoretical approach that draws on a critical cultural studies tradition. Key to this theoretical project is the need to study China in Africa's mediascape in terms of how its influence will, if at all, reconfigure African media production, representation, identity, consumption and regulation." (Abstract)
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"From 1995 to 2005, the international community provided significant support to media in the Western Balkans. Based on a meta-analysis of 37 project reports and interviews with a broad range of media experts, this study finds that direct support to independent media was a key factor in helping the c
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itizens of several Balkan countries to rid themselves of authoritarian regimes. At the same time, the publication states that often journalism training - the greatest share of media support - has had few lasting effects. Support for legislative and regulatory reform has been efficient and effective, but the new media legislation has not been sufficiently well implemented. The overall conclusion (page 36): 'Media assistance in the Balkans proved itself an effective way to promote democracy by removing barriers to the enjoyment of fundamental rights to information and expression as protected by international law, and without intervening in political choices themselves. When media support was perceived as being primarily driven by political objectives, it was in danger of being like the problem it sought to alleviate and obscuring the concept of independent media." (CAMECO Update 1-2008)
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"This overview is based on data obtained from a wider analysis of the state of media development in Africa – the African Media Development Initiative (AMDI). The analysis draws on a sample of university lecturers and department heads of mass communication, media and journalism studies from across
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17 countries to explore key developments in the media sector and the impact of these changes on their field of expertise – journalism training. A key finding is that more must be done by NGOs and donors to gain a stronger understanding of the operational environment, resources and/or work practices prior to engaging in a media development project." (Abstract)
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"This research initiative assessed the key media changes and developments in seventeen African countries over the past five years and aimed at recommending intervention strategies for strengthening an independent, professional media sector. The summary report presents the main findings regarding med
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ia landscapes, media legislation, media technology and equipment, journalism training and principles of media development. According to this publication "substantial evidence is provided that points to: non-sustainable and short-term approaches to projects; disconnected programmes; unneccesary competition amongst donors; and, consequently wasted investment of donor funds" (Page 15). In addition, individual country reports have been released, written by renowned African media specialists and researchers. They include: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Each country report consists of three sections: 1) Media sector developments, 2) Challenges for future media development activities, 3) Case study: illustrating good practice in media development." (commbox)
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"Since New Zealand development assistance helped establish the South Pacific’s first journalism school at the University of Papua New Guinea in 1975, many international aid agencies have contributed to media training and education in the region. Among the donors in a competitive environment, have
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been AusAID, Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation (CFTC), Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), NZAid, UNESCO and the World Association of Christian Communication (WACC). Since the late 1990s, the influence of AusAID has become dominant in the region through the establishment of multimillion dollar media and governance aid projects that have included the Pacific Media Initiative (PMI), Pacific Media and Communication Facility (PMCF) and Media in Development Initiative (MID). Many United Nations agencies and non-government organisations have established media training in the region. “Chequebook diplomacy” rivalry between China and Taiwan has also impacted on the media. The trend has major implications for the Pacific media and governance in the 21st century. This paper examines the politics of aid in an abridged three-decade history of Pacific journalism education and training, considers the impact on Divine Word University, University of Papua New Guinea and the University of the South Pacific journalism schools and reflects on the efficacy of international aid policies on media development in Oceania in the digital age." (Abstract)
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"Comment appuyer plus efficacement la professionnalisation des médias ? Nos propositions n’ont finalement rien de très spécifique au secteur des médias : la plupart des problèmes relevés ici se posent de façon à peu près identique dans d’autres secteurs de l’aide au développement. Qu
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atre points nous paraissent fondamentaux : Concevoir les appuis à partir d’une vision d’ensemble du secteur, quand bien même ces appuis sont de faible ampleur; S’engager sur la durée pour accompagner la professionnalisation du secteur; Renforcer la presse en tant que secteur économique; Enfin, assumer le fait que certaines fonctions collectives et transversales ne peuvent être autofinancées." (Synthèse)
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"This review mission covers the period from the start of the Regional Training Programme in Environment Journalism and Communication in the Eastern African Region in February 2002 until September 2003. In other circumstances this would be referred as a pilot phase. The main conclusion of this review
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is that there are needs to focus, refine and reconsider objectives as well as the organizational structure and the development of quality in the implementation capacity of the programme to improve its efficiency and effectiveness." (Executive summary)
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"Die hier vorgelegte integrierte Medienstrategie für die Konrad Adenauer Stiftung im Bereich Subsahara-Afrika (festgemacht an den kohärenten Subregionen Ostafrika und südliches Afrika) kommt einer qualitativen Klammerfunktion über alle Projekte, Partner, Erfahrungen und Möglichkeiten der Stiftu
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ng im Medienbereich gleich. Ein vertikales, d.h. ausschließlich an Qualität orientiertes integriertes Medienprojekt initiiert und fördert - auf der Basis der bisher geleisteten Projektarbeit der Stiftung - einen kontinuierlichen Ausleseprozess, der über die gezielten, hier skizzierten Projektmaßnahmen zu einer Bindung von kompetenten und integeren Eliten aus den Bereichen Medien, Politik, Recht und Wirtschaft mit dem Bezug Medien und Demokratie an die Konrad Adenauer Stiftung und ihre Zielsetzungen im Bereich Demokratisierung und Medien führt. Hinter den Gegensatzpaaren Qualität statt Quantität, Fachausbildung statt Grundausbildung, Vernetzung von wenigen hochrangigen Maßnahmen statt Reihung von zahlreichen Einzelmaßnahmen, sprich Vertikalität statt Horizontalität, steht die Grundüberzeugung, dass eine politische Stiftung mit einschlägiger Erfahrung im Bereich der Medienförderung und erfolgreich vernetzten Strukturen in anderen Erdteilen (z.B. Medienprojekt in Lateinamerika, siehe Exkurs unter 3.) diesen entscheiden Schritt auch in Afrika wagen muss. Trotz anhaltender problematischer wirtschaftlicher und politischer Rahmenbedingungen sollte die Medienförderung auch hier (man möchte sagen: gerade hier) die weitere Professionalisierung von nachweislich guten Journalisten und Redakteuren und den internationalen Dialog von engagierten Medienfachleuten zum Ziel haben." (Seite 36)
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