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Challenges and choices: Afghan women's media use and preferences amidst restrictions

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 2 pp.

"While most adult Afghans have access to some form of media platform, only around one in three have access to internet, with less than half of mobile users owning a smartphone. Men exhibit higher usage of radio and internet compared to women (52% male vs 43% female for radio and 36% vs 29% for inter ... more

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Women and the media in Afghanistan: How to support female media workers in a challenging landscape

Catharine Buckell, Mahdi Zaki, Shukrana Azizi Suzanne Devai

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 50 pp.

"Women in Afghanistan continue to have less access to information than men, particularly through TV and the internet. At least 33% of women (more in rural areas) rely on family as a key source of information, while men prioritise other information sources. Yet Afghan women’s information needs have ... never been more pronounced – due to restrictions on their activities, many are confined to their homes. Women in Afghanistan with media access rely on this more than ever to keep updated on issues that concern them, and spend more time accessing and using media: "Now women are in the confines of their homes… The virtual space is the only window for us to learn about what is happening." (Female FGD participant, Herat). Two-thirds (65%) of female survey respondents say that the media is “very important” in their daily lives, compared with half (51%) of male respondents. Despite various efforts to cater to female audiences, 67% of female and male respondents feel that Afghan media only “somewhat” or “rarely” meets women’s needs. Reflecting restrictions on media content, respondents complain that domestic media contains too much religious content and not enough entertainment. However, educational content is still allowed, providing women and girls who are denied access to schooling with a vital source of education. Respondents are more satisfied with the balance of content in international media and media run by Afghans in exile, and they are more likely to watch some types of entertainment, such as movies, on international than domestic TV. However, a number of international media outlets are inaccessible from Afghanistan. Journalists inside Afghanistan are banned from working with international TV/radio channels or news sites, and some have been arrested for doing so. 87% of respondents say the presence of women in the media in Afghanistan has decreased since August 2021. Only 41% could name a female presenter or journalist. Almost all of those named by respondents worked in the media before 2021, or currently work from outside Afghanistan. Audience members support women featuring in news and educational programmes but are less supportive of them featuring in comedy and sports content. Over half (54%) of the general survey respondents say they would support a female relative to work as a journalist. A further 12% would support a female relative under certain conditions, including wearing the hijab and travelling with a mahram (women cannot leave their home without a male chaperone)." (Executive summary, page 6) more

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Solomon Islands: Understanding Audience Needs, Values, and the Role of Media and Communication

Sao Vichheka, Keo Rancha, Sally Gowland et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

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Media Usage in Nepal 2022

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 4 pp.

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Women in Ukraine: How Are They Using Media Since the Full Scale Invasion?

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

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How Audience Research Informed the Development of Niambie Project in Tanzania: A Look at Gender Dynamics and its Decision Making

Jasmine Shio, Catherine Buckell, Kaushiki Ghose

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 7 pp.

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A survey of media consumption in Afghanistan

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 34 pp.

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Disaster Risk Communication: What Do People in Nepal Need to Prepare Better for Disasters?

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 6 pp.

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Using mass media to increase audiences’ ability to keep safe from explosive ordnance in Afghanistan

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 2 pp.

"BBC Media Action has been using mass media to help audiences recognise risks and keep safe from explosive ordnance (EO), which is widespread across Afghanistan following years of conflict. We conducted a panel study in 10 most affected provinces to evaluate the impact of our programme. We found tha ... more

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Women in Ukraine: How Have Gender Roles and Attitudes Changed?

Sally Gowland

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 11 pp.

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Women in Ukraine: What Key Issues Are They Facing?

Sally Gowland, Katherine Michie

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 10 pp.

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How Radio Can Build a More Supportive Environment for Girls’ Education, Learning, and Empowerment

Karen O´Connor, Sophie Stelle, Mohamed Kpaka et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 15 pp.

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What Limits Tanzanian Women’s Participation in Political Leadership? An Investigation of Discriminatory Social Norms

Jasmine Shio, Kaushiki Ghose

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 9 pp.

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Can Social Media Output Help Shift Perceptions About Informal Waste Pickers in Bengaluru, India?

BBC Media Action (2022), 4 pp.

"Bengaluru […] generates 5,757 metric tonnes of solid waste per day. Estimates suggest that approximately 20,000-30,000 people are engaged in waste picking in the city. BBC Media Action's 'A Pathway to Respect, Identity, Dignity and Empowerment' (PRIDE) project aims to shift negative perceptions a ... more

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Private Sector Investment and Public Sector Support for the Media in Sierra Leone: A Binding Constraints Analysis

Francis Sowa

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 7 pp.

"This Binding Constraints Analysis is part of the process of building a business case for private sector investment and public sector support for the media in Sierra Leone. Informed by the findings of the State of the Media report, this analysis is aimed at presenting an overview of the risks, chall ... more

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The Search for Sustainable Local Media: Tools and Models

Franz Krüger

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 3 pp.

"A summary of the forthcoming policy paper Greening Africa's news deserts: The search for sustainable local media in sub-Saharan Africa, soon to be published. The policy paper has been written with support from the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and Fojo Media Institute. It focuses on local and communit ... more

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Indirect and Direct Subsidies for Media: The European Experience

Milan F. Živkovic, Karolina Leakovic

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 22 pp.

"This report presents four models of direct media subsidies in Europe: from Serbia, Croatia, Sweden and the European Union as well as an overview of reduced VAT rates for newspapers, digital publications and periodicals in EU countries and Serbia. In recent years, the value of direct state aid for m ... more

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Government and Industry-Led Initiatives to Support the Development of the Media Market: Case for Kenya

Haron Mwangi

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 15 pp.

"This paper explores the instances and circumstances under which the media community in Kenya has closely worked with the government to introduce media reforms though new legislation and related policies. It focuses on changes that have been enacted over the last decade and, in particular, those aim ... more

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How Can Media and Communication Support Somalis Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Hoden Ahmed, Hodan Ibrahim, Kaushiki Ghose

London: BBC Media Action (2022), 15 pp.

"Our work in 2020 and 2021 focused on different aspects of COVID-19 to provide audiences with accurate information and appropriate strategies to deal with the pandemic. This media content contributed to increased knowledge, changed attitudes and positive behaviour change to counter the damaging effe ... more

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Climate Change: New Evidence on How Media Can Engage Youth to Take Action

BBC Media Action (2022), 12 pp.

"In sum, this evaluation provides evidence that the Kembali ke Hutan (Return to the forest) project through drama, discussion show, and social media output can engage young Indonesians in topics that they previously were not interested in by breaking down the issues of deforestation in climate chang ... more