"Among the various forms of online censorship, internet shutdowns are some of the most invasive and blunt. Unlike traditional forms of censorship like blocking internet pages or certain content, these disruptions to digital communications are architectural and affect a preliminary condition in the information society: access to the internet. While many conversations on the impact of network disruptions on human rights tend to centre around civil and political rights, the disruptions also have a profound impact on socio-economic rights, such as the right to education, housing, health, and even social security ... The best experience that can be replicated elsewhere is the legal action that was backed by civil society organisations and lawyers against mobile operators and governments over internet shut down in January 2019 in Zimbabwe. The shutdown caused loss of business and income and threats to life, according to the suit filed by the Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights and the Zimbabwe unit of the Media Institute of Southern Africa. The legal action was directed at the three mobile networks operating in the country, including Econet Wireless Zimbabwe Ltd, as well as President Emmerson Mnangagwa, the national security minister and the head of the intelligence services. The state security minister ordered service providers to switch off the internet after a wave of violent anti-government demonstrations in the country. In this case the high court decided that “the minister had no authority to make that order.” Redress at a regional level is another avenue that should be explored as encouraging moves are seen at least from courts that are under the regional economic communities (RECs). In 2019, Access Now together with other eight organisations, submitted a brief to Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS), arguing that the shutdown in Togo was inconsistent with regional and international frameworks and violated the fundamental human rights of the Togolese people. The ECOWAS court ruled that the blackouts in Togo were illegal." (p.2-5)