"Spreading misleading information to shape public opinion is not a new phenomenon, and has been used for a long time by many governments and interest groups. The key research question for the Unfreedom Monitor is: "what are the key motives for, methods of, and responses to, digital authoritarianism in selected national contexts?" […] Three factors define information manipulation […]: First, there is continuous enhancement of disinformation technical abilities to overcome the measures taken by IT platforms and make disinformation look more trustworthy, especially using AI. Second, grand strategies and narratives for disinformation become more complex, as the narratives and tactics are used for an amplified psychological effect, such as creating mistrust, raising doubt, etc. They are used similarly to pre-propaganda and propaganda itself. The third factor remains the underlying traits of human nature, as in lazy thinking, the tendency to consume more emotional content, etc. <NZ>[…] The most promising tool for fighting disinformation is empowering societies through continuous media literacy and overall improvement of the media environment quality. Incentivising high-quality journalism and supporting civil society are a few primary things." (Background, p.5; Analysis and Conclusion, p.17)