The Routledge Companion to Media and Humanitarian Action
London: Routledge (2018), xxiv, 572 pp.
Contains index
ISBN 978-0-367-877965-9 (pbk); 978-1-315-53812-9 (ebook)
Signature commbox: 10-Development-E 2017
"In this moment of unprecedented humanitarian crises, the representations of global disasters are increasingly common media themes around the world. The Routledge Companion to Media and Humanitarian Action explores the interconnections between media, old and new, and the humanitarian challenges that have come to define the twenty-first century. Contributors, including media professionals and experts in humanitarian affairs, grapple with what kinds of media language, discourse, terms, and campaigns can offer enough context and background knowledge to nurture informed global citizens. Case studies of media practices, content analysis and evaluation of media coverage, and representations of humanitarian emergencies and affairs offer further insight into the ways in which strategic communications are designed and implemented in field of humanitarian action." (Publisher description)
Introduction: The Power of Media in Times of Humanitarian Crisis: Global Challenges, Constraints and Consequences / Robin Andersen and Purnaka L. de Silva, 1
I. THEORIES AND PRACTICE OF MEDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON HUMANITARIAN ACTION, 9
1 Media, Politics, Compassion and Citizenship in the Post-Humanitarian Debate: Visual Storytelling and the Humanitarian Imaginary / Robin Andersen, 13
2 Communicating for Impact, The Voice of the Victims: The Role of Media Design in Humanitarian and Human Rights Organizations / Tamara Alrifai, 28
3 The Aljazeera Effect: News Media Coverage of Global Humanitarian Emergencies / Yehia Ghanem, 36
4 Dignity in Times of Crises: Communicating the Need for Global Social Climate Change / Evelin Gerda Lindner and Linda Hartling, 45
5 When Media is Used to Incite Violence: The United Nations, Genocide and Atrocity Crimes / Adama Dieng and Simona Cruciani, 60
II. DOCUMENTARY, NEWS, HUMAN TRAFFICKERS AND THE RESCUE NARRATIVES OF GLOBAL MIGRATIONS: HUMANITARIANISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN AN AGE OF CRISIS, 69
6 Frontline Doctors: Winter Migrant Crisis, BBC 1 / Alexander Van Tulleken, 73
7 A Humanitarian Battlefield: Redefining Border Control as Saving Victims / Pierluigi Musarò, 80
8 From Pity to Control: Regulated Humanitarianism in German Media Coverage of Refugees and Asylum / Elke Grittman, 90
9 Regional Implications of Human Trafficking and Forced Migration: Looking for Solutions in Libya / Purnaka L. de Silva, 102
10 The Drowning of SPHERE in the Mediterranean: What Has Happened to Humanitarian Standards in Fortress Europe? / Pamela DeLargy, 120
III. GLOBAL HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION POLICY: FINANCING, EARLY WARNING AND CRISIS RESPONSE, 131
11 Forecast-based Financing, Early Warning and Early Action: A Cutting Edge Strategy for the International Humanitarian Community? / Alexandra Rüth, Laura Fontaine, Erin Coughlan de Perez, Konstanze Kampfer, Kevin Wyjad, Mathieu Destrooper, Irene Amuron, Richard Choularton, Meinrad Bürer and Rebecca Miller, 135
12 Policy for Media and Communication in Humanitarian Action and Long-term Development Cooperation: Some Norwegian Experiences and Perspectives / Anne Skjelmerud and Ivar Evensmo, 150
13 The Correlation of Humanitarian Aid, North-South Development Cooperation and the Media: Facts and Fiction / Ulrich Nitschke and Heike Wülfing, 162
14 Global Emergency Preparedness and Multilateral Action in an Information Age / Henia Dakkak, 174
IV. FAMINE, VIOLENCE AND COMPASSION: THE POLITICS OF NEWS, PERCEPTION, AID AND SECURITY, 185
15 Reporting Humanitarian Narratives: Are We Missing Out on the Politics? / Suzanne Franks, 189
16 Front Pages and Frontlines: How the News Cycle Impacted Humanitarian Assistance in Liberia and the Democratic Republic of Congo / Heather Bourbeau, 200
17 Compassion as a News Value: Comparing French and UK Humanitarian Coverage of the War in Gaza 2014 / Emma Heywood, 211
18 News Frames and Global Terrorism Coverage in the UK and Norway: Context and Consequences for Humanitarian Issues / Maria Konow Lund and Eva-Karin Olsson, 221
19 The Central American Refugee Crisis, Securitization, and the Media / Adrian Bergmann, 231
V. VOICES AT THE TABLE, ON THE INTERNET AND OVER THE AIRWAVES: EXPANDING THE GLOBAL DIALOGUE ON SCIENCE, RELIGION, CIVIL SOCIETY AND HUMAN RIGHTS, 241
20 Now You See Me, Now You Don't: Faith-based NGOs and Humanitarian Work - A Story from the World Humanitarian Summit / Azza Karam, 245
21 The Role of Media in Public Advocacy and Countering Violent Extremism / Nadia Sraieb-Koepp, 261
22 Ebola and AIDS: Harnessing Science and Human Nature to Combat Two Modern Plagues / Pat Fast, 268
23 Plural + Media Literacy, and Voices of the Young: Platforms for Including Youth-Produced Media in Humanitarian Dialogue / Jordi Torrent, 280
24 The Voice of the People in an Age of Environmental Crisis: Pope Francis, the Earth Community, Human Rights, and Independent Media / Robin Andersen and DeeDee Halleck, 286
VI. COMMUNICATION, HUMANITARIANISM AND CRISIS: CASE STUDIES FROM THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY, 303
25 Horn of Africa: The Politics of Famine, Media Activism and Donor Aid / Aregawi Berhe, 307
26 Disaster Management in The Philippines: Media, Unions and Humanitarian Action / Kim Scipes, 321
27 Humanitarian Response and Media in the Arab Gulf Countries / Fadwa Ahmed Obaid, 329
28 Quo Vadis? Ethnic and Cultural Genocide: Chaldean and Assyrian Christians and Yazidis in Northern Iraq and Syria / Purnaka L. de Silva, 341
29 Child Protection and UNICEF's Communication and Media Strategy: A Conflict-related Study from Mindanao, The Philippines / Priti Vaishnav, 359
30 Environmental Degradation, Poverty and Corruption: Humanitarian Action and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). in the Context of Media Influences and Power Dynamics in Latin America / Rudelmar Bueno de Faria, 369
VII. LEGACY MEDIA FROM FICTION TO DOCUMENTARY: REPRESENTATIONS OF CRISIS, CONFLICT, HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND PEACEKEEPING, 379
31 HBO's Treme and the Evolving Story of Hurricane Katrina: From Mythic News to Fictional Drama / Robin Andersen, 383
32 "Shine a Little Light:" Celebrities, Humanitarian Documentary, and Half the Sky / Heather McIntosh, 395
33 "The Record of a Total Power Loss": First Five Days at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant / Hajime Ozaki, 405
34 Media Interventions as Humanitarian Action / Shawn Powers, 416
35 Last Station Before Hell: United Nations Peacekeepers / Pierre-Olivier François, 428
VIII. THE CONTRADICTIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF COMMUNICATION: INFORMATION, FAKE NEWS, ACTIVISM AND WITNESS, 435
36 Key Communicators' Perspectives on the Use of Social Media in Risks and Crises / Harald Hornmoen, Klas Backholm, Elsebeth Frey, Rune Ottosen, Gudrun Reimerth, FH Joanneum, Steen Steensen, 439
37 Global Activism on Facebook: A Discursive Analysis of "Bring Back Our Girls" Campaign / Dorothy Njoroge, 450
38 "Take my Picture": The Media Assemblage of Lone-Wolf Terror Events, Mobile Communication, and the News / Kenzie Burchell, 465
39 Keeping Reporters Safe: The Ethics of Drone Journalism in a Humanitarian Crisis / Turo Uskali and Epp Lauk, 477
40 Weaponizing Social Media: "The Alt-Right," the Election of Donald J. Trump and the Rise of Ethno-Nationalism in the United States / Robin Andersen, 487
IX. MEDIA INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT INFLUENCES ON POLICY AND HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS: THE PROPAGANDA OF WARMAKING, 501
41 The Philanthrocapitalist and the Humanitarian Agenda: Motivations, Measurements and Media Power / Garrett Broad, 505
42 The Impossibility of Humanitarian War: Libya and Beyond / Robin Andersen, 516
43 The CNN Effect and Humanitarian Crisis / Piers Robinson, 528
Conclusion: Assessing the Media and Humanitarian Landscape: Amidst Complexities, Global Peace and Prosperity Require New Directions and New Ethics and Expressions of Solidarity / Robin Andersen, 537
I. THEORIES AND PRACTICE OF MEDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON HUMANITARIAN ACTION, 9
1 Media, Politics, Compassion and Citizenship in the Post-Humanitarian Debate: Visual Storytelling and the Humanitarian Imaginary / Robin Andersen, 13
2 Communicating for Impact, The Voice of the Victims: The Role of Media Design in Humanitarian and Human Rights Organizations / Tamara Alrifai, 28
3 The Aljazeera Effect: News Media Coverage of Global Humanitarian Emergencies / Yehia Ghanem, 36
4 Dignity in Times of Crises: Communicating the Need for Global Social Climate Change / Evelin Gerda Lindner and Linda Hartling, 45
5 When Media is Used to Incite Violence: The United Nations, Genocide and Atrocity Crimes / Adama Dieng and Simona Cruciani, 60
II. DOCUMENTARY, NEWS, HUMAN TRAFFICKERS AND THE RESCUE NARRATIVES OF GLOBAL MIGRATIONS: HUMANITARIANISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN AN AGE OF CRISIS, 69
6 Frontline Doctors: Winter Migrant Crisis, BBC 1 / Alexander Van Tulleken, 73
7 A Humanitarian Battlefield: Redefining Border Control as Saving Victims / Pierluigi Musarò, 80
8 From Pity to Control: Regulated Humanitarianism in German Media Coverage of Refugees and Asylum / Elke Grittman, 90
9 Regional Implications of Human Trafficking and Forced Migration: Looking for Solutions in Libya / Purnaka L. de Silva, 102
10 The Drowning of SPHERE in the Mediterranean: What Has Happened to Humanitarian Standards in Fortress Europe? / Pamela DeLargy, 120
III. GLOBAL HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION POLICY: FINANCING, EARLY WARNING AND CRISIS RESPONSE, 131
11 Forecast-based Financing, Early Warning and Early Action: A Cutting Edge Strategy for the International Humanitarian Community? / Alexandra Rüth, Laura Fontaine, Erin Coughlan de Perez, Konstanze Kampfer, Kevin Wyjad, Mathieu Destrooper, Irene Amuron, Richard Choularton, Meinrad Bürer and Rebecca Miller, 135
12 Policy for Media and Communication in Humanitarian Action and Long-term Development Cooperation: Some Norwegian Experiences and Perspectives / Anne Skjelmerud and Ivar Evensmo, 150
13 The Correlation of Humanitarian Aid, North-South Development Cooperation and the Media: Facts and Fiction / Ulrich Nitschke and Heike Wülfing, 162
14 Global Emergency Preparedness and Multilateral Action in an Information Age / Henia Dakkak, 174
IV. FAMINE, VIOLENCE AND COMPASSION: THE POLITICS OF NEWS, PERCEPTION, AID AND SECURITY, 185
15 Reporting Humanitarian Narratives: Are We Missing Out on the Politics? / Suzanne Franks, 189
16 Front Pages and Frontlines: How the News Cycle Impacted Humanitarian Assistance in Liberia and the Democratic Republic of Congo / Heather Bourbeau, 200
17 Compassion as a News Value: Comparing French and UK Humanitarian Coverage of the War in Gaza 2014 / Emma Heywood, 211
18 News Frames and Global Terrorism Coverage in the UK and Norway: Context and Consequences for Humanitarian Issues / Maria Konow Lund and Eva-Karin Olsson, 221
19 The Central American Refugee Crisis, Securitization, and the Media / Adrian Bergmann, 231
V. VOICES AT THE TABLE, ON THE INTERNET AND OVER THE AIRWAVES: EXPANDING THE GLOBAL DIALOGUE ON SCIENCE, RELIGION, CIVIL SOCIETY AND HUMAN RIGHTS, 241
20 Now You See Me, Now You Don't: Faith-based NGOs and Humanitarian Work - A Story from the World Humanitarian Summit / Azza Karam, 245
21 The Role of Media in Public Advocacy and Countering Violent Extremism / Nadia Sraieb-Koepp, 261
22 Ebola and AIDS: Harnessing Science and Human Nature to Combat Two Modern Plagues / Pat Fast, 268
23 Plural + Media Literacy, and Voices of the Young: Platforms for Including Youth-Produced Media in Humanitarian Dialogue / Jordi Torrent, 280
24 The Voice of the People in an Age of Environmental Crisis: Pope Francis, the Earth Community, Human Rights, and Independent Media / Robin Andersen and DeeDee Halleck, 286
VI. COMMUNICATION, HUMANITARIANISM AND CRISIS: CASE STUDIES FROM THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY, 303
25 Horn of Africa: The Politics of Famine, Media Activism and Donor Aid / Aregawi Berhe, 307
26 Disaster Management in The Philippines: Media, Unions and Humanitarian Action / Kim Scipes, 321
27 Humanitarian Response and Media in the Arab Gulf Countries / Fadwa Ahmed Obaid, 329
28 Quo Vadis? Ethnic and Cultural Genocide: Chaldean and Assyrian Christians and Yazidis in Northern Iraq and Syria / Purnaka L. de Silva, 341
29 Child Protection and UNICEF's Communication and Media Strategy: A Conflict-related Study from Mindanao, The Philippines / Priti Vaishnav, 359
30 Environmental Degradation, Poverty and Corruption: Humanitarian Action and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). in the Context of Media Influences and Power Dynamics in Latin America / Rudelmar Bueno de Faria, 369
VII. LEGACY MEDIA FROM FICTION TO DOCUMENTARY: REPRESENTATIONS OF CRISIS, CONFLICT, HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND PEACEKEEPING, 379
31 HBO's Treme and the Evolving Story of Hurricane Katrina: From Mythic News to Fictional Drama / Robin Andersen, 383
32 "Shine a Little Light:" Celebrities, Humanitarian Documentary, and Half the Sky / Heather McIntosh, 395
33 "The Record of a Total Power Loss": First Five Days at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant / Hajime Ozaki, 405
34 Media Interventions as Humanitarian Action / Shawn Powers, 416
35 Last Station Before Hell: United Nations Peacekeepers / Pierre-Olivier François, 428
VIII. THE CONTRADICTIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF COMMUNICATION: INFORMATION, FAKE NEWS, ACTIVISM AND WITNESS, 435
36 Key Communicators' Perspectives on the Use of Social Media in Risks and Crises / Harald Hornmoen, Klas Backholm, Elsebeth Frey, Rune Ottosen, Gudrun Reimerth, FH Joanneum, Steen Steensen, 439
37 Global Activism on Facebook: A Discursive Analysis of "Bring Back Our Girls" Campaign / Dorothy Njoroge, 450
38 "Take my Picture": The Media Assemblage of Lone-Wolf Terror Events, Mobile Communication, and the News / Kenzie Burchell, 465
39 Keeping Reporters Safe: The Ethics of Drone Journalism in a Humanitarian Crisis / Turo Uskali and Epp Lauk, 477
40 Weaponizing Social Media: "The Alt-Right," the Election of Donald J. Trump and the Rise of Ethno-Nationalism in the United States / Robin Andersen, 487
IX. MEDIA INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT INFLUENCES ON POLICY AND HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS: THE PROPAGANDA OF WARMAKING, 501
41 The Philanthrocapitalist and the Humanitarian Agenda: Motivations, Measurements and Media Power / Garrett Broad, 505
42 The Impossibility of Humanitarian War: Libya and Beyond / Robin Andersen, 516
43 The CNN Effect and Humanitarian Crisis / Piers Robinson, 528
Conclusion: Assessing the Media and Humanitarian Landscape: Amidst Complexities, Global Peace and Prosperity Require New Directions and New Ethics and Expressions of Solidarity / Robin Andersen, 537
