Introduction: situating the "refugee crisis" and its sociopolitical effects through 21st-century European journalism / Giovanna Dell'Orto and Irmgard Wetzstein, 1
I. POLICY, POLITICS AND MEDIA DISCOURSES FROM FORTRESS EUROPE TO MUTTI MERKEL AND IDOMENI
1 Welcoming citizens, divided government, simplifying media: Germany's refugee crisis, 2015-2017 / Dietrich Thränhardt, 15
Notes from the Field. One sentence, many misunderstandings: a German journalist reflects on Germany's "we can do it" stance / Peter Riesbeck, 26
2 The expectations-politics-policy conundrum: assessing the impact of the migration and refugee crisis on the European Union / Vicki L. Birchfield and Geoffrey Harris, 29
3 "Fortress Europe": representation and argumentation in Austrian media and EU press releases on border policies / Sabine Lehner and Markus Rheindorf, 40
4 The gender dimension of the refugee debate: progressiveness and backwardness discourses in Austrian press coverage / Irmgard Wetzstein, 56
5 Empathy toward refugees, apathy toward journalism: hundreds of thousands of refugees in Greece, thousands of stories, just a few hundred clicks / Andreas M. Panagopoulos, 68
Notes from the Field. Real empathy, fake news? one reporter's experiences in the frontlines in northern Greece / Costas Kantouris, 82
II. CIVIL SOCIETY RESONSES AS ANOTHER LENS INTO PUBLIC OPINION IN GREECE, AUSTRIA AND GERMANY
6 Moving on and in: integration through shared and independent living spaces in Greece / Sophia Ioannou with Valia Savvidou, 87
7 Tackling the "refugee crisis" and meeting the educational needs of newly arrived refugees: programs for refugee teachers and students in Germany and Austria / Kerstin Lueck and Leonhard Dokalik-Wetzstein, 94
8 Online fake news, hateful posts against refugees, and a surge in xenophobia and hate crimes in Austria / Claudia Schäfer with Andreas Schadauer, 109
III. JOURNALISM AT THE BORDER: REPORTING ON THE CRISIS IN GREECE
9 Trying to find the right words / Ioannis Papadopoulos, 119
10 Down & out & wet & bedraggled: navigating the emotional and ethical maelstrom of reporting from the crisis flashpoint of Idomeni / Phoebe Fronista and Sofia Papadopoulou, 127
11 Overcoming the empathy gap: covering Europe's migrant crisis for an American audience / Jeanne Carstensen, 141
12 Reporting back to the migrant audience: Afghans' exodus and perilous journey to Europe / Mstafa Mohammad Sarwar, 148
13 Avoiding the traps of the numbers game and caricatures: the responsibility of keeping the factual record for the world / Elena Becatoros and David Rising, 156
IV. JOURNALISM AND INTEGRATION: REPORTING ON THE CRISIS IN AUSTRIA AND GERMANY
14 From empathy to hostility In 127 days: the journey of Austrian press and TV coverage / Edith Meinhart, Martin Staudinger, and Peter Unger, 171
15 Cologne's New Year's Eve sexual assaults: the turning point in German media coverage / Jan Bielicki, 184
Notes from the Field. Fake news and a profession in crisis: a foreign correspondent reflects on "Willkommenskultur" / Carmen Valero, 191
16 Torn between transparency and stereotypes? how to report about refugees and crime / Eva Thöne, 195
17 Widening the focus: why writing about migration is more than writing about migrants / Caterina Lobenstein, 203
18 After the arrival: telling stories of integration in Germany for a global audience / Melissa Eddy, 209
Conclusion: interplays of journalistic practices, news, public opinion and policies in Europe's refugee crisis / Giovanna Dell'Orto, 216