"By not adhering to rigid standards of professionalism, journalists can unwittingly become part of the problem, causing further trauma to survivors and allowing perpetrators to evade prosecution [...] This handbook was developed to help journalists report on gender-based violence (GBV) with greater
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ease and awareness. It provides essential information on the definition and root causes of GBV, in addition to a simple set of guidelines and best practices that facilitate the process and help journalists deliver stronger, more impactful stories on this essential topic." (Introduction)
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"According to the largely young, mostly educated female listeners interviewed in this study, Radio Ergo focuses on important humanitarian and social issues in Somalia and is refreshingly free from clan politics. The radio stimulates rich and healthy discussions and dialogues among Somalis living ins
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ide and outside the country and provides much needed information that can transform their lives. These female listeners see Radio Ergo as laying the foundation for a much-needed space where vulnerable populations can have a voice, articulate their specific needs, access humanitarian assistance, and communicate their needs to humanitarian organizations. In addition, the radio is generating healthy dialogue and debate for the people of Somalia, who have borne the brunt of the protracted conflict and natural disasters. Radio Ergo allows its female listeners to recognize their roles and responsibilities as citizens engaged in rebuilding their lives in a new Somalia. Despite successes and achievements, the participants in Mogadishu and Baidoa noted areas for improvement. They wanted an expansion of broadcasting hours and many additional programmes and topics, as indicated above. They were particularly interested in programming on migration and women. They also wanted to hear more female voices on the radio, even though they recognized that Radio Ergo pays more attention to gender inclusion than most other radios in Somalia." (Conclusion)
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"In this RISJ factsheet we analyse the gender break-down of top editors in a strategic sample of 200 major online and offline news outlets in ten different markets across four continents.Looking at a sample of ten top online news outlets and ten top offline news outlets in each of these ten markets,
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we find: Only 23% of the top editors across the 200 major outlets in our sample are women, despite the fact that, on average, 40% of journalists in the ten markets are women; Every single market covered has a majority of men among the top editors, including countries like Brazil and Finland where women outnumber men among working journalists; The percentage of women in top editorial positions varies significantly from market to market. In Japan, none of the major news outlets in our sample have a woman as their top editor. In South Africa, 47% of the top editors are women; When we compare the percentage of women working in journalism with the percentage of women in top editorial positions, we find a strong and positive correlation. Despite this, in nine out of ten markets, there are considerably more women working as journalists than there are women among the top editors; Looking more broadly at gender inequality in society and the percentage of women in top editorial positions, we find no meaningful correlation. Countries like Germany and South Korea that score well on the UN Gender Inequality Index have very few women among the top editors." (Key findings)
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"The range of actions that social partners and audiovisual stakeholders can take to improve gender equality and diversity is broad. From ambitious strategies and plans to smaller-scale initiatives that have a direct impact on the organisation of work. The good practices presented in this report have
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proven their efficiency. The lessons learned from their implementation can serve as inspiration, if not reference, in other national contexts. The high value of the regular production of statistics and qualitative analyses of the levels of representation of women and other under-represented groups on screens and in the audiovisual workforce has been demonstrated. It is particularly important to monitor developments and assess the impact of actions. Social partners and sector stakeholders, with the support of public institutions, have a joint interest to work together towards a more systematic approach to the collection of European-level gender data. Specific tools and funds also need to be made available to audiovisual stakeholders to help them implement concrete initiatives that promote equality and diversity in their workplaces, on sets and in studios, and in relation to their audiences." (Conclusions, page 69)
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"L’éventail des actions que les partenaires sociaux et les autres acteurs du secteur peuvent mettre en oeuvre pour promouvoir l’égalité des sexes et la diversité est vaste. Il couvre aussi bien des stratégies coordonnées et à long terme que des actions à plus petite échelle qui ont un i
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mpact direct sur l’organisation du travail. Les bonnes pratiques présentées dans cette publication ont prouvé leur efficacité. Les enseignements tirés de leur mise en oeuvre peuvent servir d’inspiration, voire de référence, dans d’autres contextes nationaux. La production régulière de statistiques et d’analyses qualitatives sur les niveaux de représentation des femmes et d’autres groupes sous-représentés à l’écran et dans les effectifs de l’audiovisuel est des plus importantes. Elle est particulièrement nécessaire afin de suivre les évolutions et d’évaluer l’impact des actions entreprises. Les partenaires sociaux et les autres acteurs du secteur, avec le soutien des institutions publiques, ont un intérêt commun à travailler ensemble à une approche plus systématique de la collecte de données sur le genre dans le secteur audiovisuel au niveau européen. Des outils et des fonds spécifiques doivent également être mis à la disposition des acteurs de l’audiovisuel pour les aider à mettre en oeuvre des initiatives concrètes qui favorisent l’égalité et la diversité sur les lieux de travail, sur les plateaux et dans les studios, et en relations avec le public. Promouvoir l’égalité des chances entre les femmes et les hommes et soutenir une plus large inclusion de profils divers dans les effectifs de l’audiovisuel et sur les écrans sont des actions primordiales aux valeurs européennes. Il y a un intérêt créatif, sociétal et économique à ce que le secteur audiovisuel reflète mieux les réalités de sociétés diverses et changeantes." (Conclusions et perspectives)
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"Das Spektrum der Maßnahmen, die Sozialpartner und Interessenvertreter des audiovisuellen Sektors ergreifen können, um die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und die Vielfalt zu verbessern, ist breit. Von ehrgeizigen Strategien und Plänen bis hin zu kleineren Initiativen, die sich direkt auf die Arb
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eitsorganisation auswirken. Die in diesem Bericht vorgestellten bewährten Praktiken haben ihre Wirksamkeit bewiesen. Die aus ihrer Umsetzung gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können als Inspiration und auch als Referenz in anderen nationalen Kontexten dienen. Der große Wert der regelmäßigen Erstellung von Statistiken und qualitativen Analysen über den Vertretungsgrad von Frauen und anderen unterrepräsentierten Gruppen auf Bildschirmen und in der audiovisuellen Belegschaft hat sich gezeigt. Es ist besonders wichtig, die Entwicklungen zu überwachen und die Auswirkungen der Maßnahmen zu bewerten. Die Sozialpartner und Interessenvertreter des Sektors haben mit Unterstützung öffentlicher Einrichtungen ein gemeinsames Interesse daran, zusammen auf einen systematischeren Ansatz für die Erhebung geschlechtsspezifischer Daten auf europäischer Ebene hinzuarbeiten." (Schlussfolgerungen, Seite 78)
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"Las buenas prácticas presentadas en este informe han demostrado su eficacia. Las enseñanzas extraídas de su aplicación pueden servir de inspiración, si no de referencia, en otros contextos nacionales. Se ha demostrado el alto valor de la producción periódica de estadísticas y análisis cual
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itativos de los niveles de representación de las mujeres y otros grupos infrarrepresentados en las pantallas y en el personal del sector audiovisual. Es particularmente importante hacer un seguimiento de los acontecimientos y evaluar el impacto de las medidas adoptadas. Los interlocutores sociales y las partes interesadas del sector, con el apoyo de las instituciones públicas, tienen un interés común en trabajar juntos para lograr un enfoque más sistemático de la recopilación de datos sobre el género a nivel europeo. También es necesario poner a disposición de los interesados del sector audiovisual instrumentos y fondos específicos para ayudarles a poner en práctica iniciativas concretas que promuevan la igualdad y la diversidad en sus lugares de trabajo, en los platós y en los estudios, y en relación con sus audiencias." (Conclusiones)
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"To attain gender equality as a long-term objective, a multi-layered strategy and action is required. In that process, media are a part of the problem, as well as they are a part of the solution. While it has been well established that media organizations can play an influential role in contributing
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to transformation and change in society, they also reflect the forms and patterns of prevailing societal values. In brief, by supporting media, USAID can further the implementation of gender-specific objectives through a dual-track approach that focuses on (1) improving the enabling environment for female journalists; and (2) facilitating production and dissemination of gender-sensitive content implemented through “media for development” and/or “media development” program strategies." (Recommendation, page 19)
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"Based on our engagement with multiple stakeholders involved in the movement to eliminate sexual and gender-based violence, the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) decided to develop this Glossary to identify and clarify key definitions that practitioners should, at a minimum, be well a
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cquainted with when working on issues of sexual and gender-based crimes or violations, and when engaging with victims and witnesses of these crimes. The Glossary is, by nature, not an exhaustive analysis of these terms, nor does it cover all terms and standards relevant to this topic. However, we hope it offers a starting point for explaining essential terms, rights, standards and other concepts that are often unknown, misunderstood or misused. It is a Glossary based on existing international standards, so that it can be used globally, even though some States may apply different definitions or follow different approaches. Those wishing to go more in depth in relation to each of the issues raised herein will find a significant number of references for further reading. While a reader may be familiar with many of the terms included, the Glossary seeks to contribute to correcting common misconceptions, and to highlight jurisprudence or other significant developments from all parts of the world. More broadly, the Glossary is a contribution to the development of a common language around sexual and gender-based violence and crimes, and to the creation of a coherent platform for civil society, governments, judicial institutions and other stakeholders to combat these violations and crimes." (Introduction)
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"Comparing Gender and Media Equality across the Globe addresses longstanding questions in the study of gender equality in media content and media organisations across countries and over time. Drawing on data from the Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP), European Institute for Gender Equality (EIG
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E), and the International Women’s Media Foundation (IWMF), this book offers new insights into the qualities, causes, and consequences of gender equality in and through the news media. The book contributes to the critical discussion on gender and journalism, showing that the news media do not reflect reality when it comes to the actual progress of gender equality in societies across the globe. The study aims to inspire future research by making existing data on gender and news media equality available to the global research community. The book presents the GEM-dataset, comprising hundreds of indicators on media and gender equality, and the GEM-Index, an easy to use measure to keep track of key aspects of gender equality in television, radio, newspapers, and online." (Publisher description)
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"Online spaces are being systematically weaponised to exclude women leaders and to undermine the role of women in public life. Attacks on women which use hateful language, rumour and gendered stereotypes combine personal attacks with political motivations, making online spaces dangerous places for w
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omen to speak out. And left unchecked, this phenomenon of gendered disinformation, spread by state and non-state actors, poses a serious threat to women’s equal political participation. In this research, we investigated state-aligned gendered disinformation in two countries, Poland and the Philippines, through an analysis of Twitter data. We analysed tweets in Polish and, from the Philippines, in English." (Executive summary)
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"Since 2016, Fojo Media Institute, together with local partners, has investigated media landscapes in Eastern Europe from a gender perspective, to find out how women and men in the industry perceive their work life: What are their options to have influence and a fulfilling career? What are the diffe
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rences in beats and job satisfaction between male and female journalists? Is sexual harassment a concern that inflicts on professional practise? First out in the series of gender studies was Russia (2016), followed by Belarus (2017) and Moldova and Georgia (2018). In this report (2020) two more countries are included, namely Armenia and Ukraine. More than one thousand media professionals have shared their views and experiences and contributed to the research [...] One profession that has changed its gender profile is journalism. What was once a male dominated arena has gradually become more gender equal in numbers. The findings of this study indicate that women now make up the majority of media professionals in all the countries covered by this study. According to the experts interviewed, this is not the result of a growing sector with more women coming in, but rather about an outflow of men. The journalistic profession has become less attractive (to men) due to economic restraints (lower wages) and political pressures that make it harder to exercise independent journalism. The study also confirms that women are taking on more decision-making roles, especially in regional and independent media. In Georgia and Moldova, women and men seem to be on equal footing. However, there is still a considerable gender gap in Armenia and Russia, especially when it comes to distribution of power in national media with high circulation/audience, likely related to the fact that the most influential media are still often managed by men. In addition, imbalance in job security and remuneration can be noted, where men have more stable terms of employment and are engaged in beats that pay more. Sexual harassment is another area of interest related to working conditions in the media industry (and elsewhere)." (Preface)
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"This guide aims to equip media organisations and professionals with the necessary tools and insights to increase gender balance in their content. It should help you to: understand the importance of gender balance in content; identify the different ways in which the media gender stereotypes; underst
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and how to avoid gender stereotyping; develop organisational strategies to improve gender balance in content; identify suitable metrics and tools to track their progress; learn from successful initiatives that have been implemented by other news organisations." (Page 3)
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"This report was commissioned by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to examine women’s representation in COVID-19/coronavirus newsgathering and news coverage in India, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, the UK, and the US. It is rooted in a computational news content analysis of 11,913 publications an
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d 1.9 million stories between 1st March and 15th April 2020 undertaken by Media Ecosystems Analysis Group; an in-depth qualitative portrayal analysis of 175 highly ranked COVID-19/coronavirus stories across the six countries; quantitative analysis of eight public-facing bespoke Google surveys, as well as multi-country secondary surveys; a pronoun content analysis of COVID-19 headlines; story frames analyses using Google’s news search engine, the Internet TV News Archive in 2020 and the GDELT Project global online news archive for 2017 to 2020; and interrogation of a number of global statistical databases [...] The report has examined the news coverage of the COVID-19/coronavirus story through the lenses of three indicators of gender equality: women as sources of news expertise; news stories leading with women protagonists; and coverage of gender equality issues. The insights from the report have led to the creation of 21 recommendations which aim to support news providers who wish to amplify the substantially muted voices of women in news coverage of the COVID19/coronavirus story. The report has uncovered a substantial bias towards men’s perspectives in the newsgathering and news coverage of this pandemic across both the global north (the UK and US) and the global south (India, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa). This bias operates against a backdrop of women’s effective political invisibility within the COVID-19-related decision-making process in the countries analyzed and the unique socioeconomic, health and psychological challenges that women face globally. Every individual woman’s voice in the news on COVID19 is drowned out by the voices of at least three, four, or five men. The women who are given a platform in the COVID-19/coronavirus story are rarely portrayed as authoritative experts or as empowered individuals but more frequently as sources of personal opinion or as victims/people affected by the disease." (Executive summary)
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"We hope this toolkit will support you in creating exciting and memorable content for community radio programmes wherever you are. This toolkit contains the messages and facts from the global campaign. It has not been tailored for any specific region, country or area. We count on you to consider how
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to make this campaign most relevant to your audiences - drawing on local data and voices from your communities. The toolkit suggests several types of shows that community radio stations can create. If you want to include specific facts and statistics about your country, area or community, please work with organizations in your local network that can help." (About this toolkit, page 9)
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"Our inclusion survey, conducted with 35 private media outlets operating in Yangon and in seven ethnic states and five regions, provides up-to-date inclusion and gender data about the sector. Among the findings: while many women work in media (they represent 33% of the combined staff of the 35 outle
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ts surveyed), they are underrepresented in key roles, including senior leadership and frontline journalistic jobs. Medium-sized ethnic media outlets employ the largest percentage of women, followed by small-sized national media. Small and medium-sized media in Myanmar’s regions employ the smallest percentage of women. The percentage of women employed generally decreases as the roles increase in seniority. In terms of remuneration: outlets led by men generally pay men more than women, whereas outlets with mixed - men, women and/or non-binary - leadership tend to have more gender-balanced salaries. The primary justification offered for higher pay levels for men is that men often have more experience than their women or non-binary counterparts. The survey also confirms that levels of diversity among staff with regards to disability, LGBT+, ethnicity, religious belief, and age vary widely among media outlets. Survey respondents noted a total of 10 non-binary staff members (1% of the total); one outlet in the ethnic states is co-led by a man and a non-binary person. The survey finds, too, that most outlets do not have inclusion policies or plans."
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"This report presents a snapshot of the first substantial findings from a global survey about online violence against women journalists conducted by UNESCO and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020. Over 900 validated participants from 125 countries completed the survey in Ara
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bic, English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. The findings shared here reflect the input of the 714 respondents identifying as women. 73% of women respondents said they had experienced online violence. Threats of physical (25%) and sexual violence (18%) plagued the women journalists surveyed. And these threats radiated - 13% said they had received threats of violence against those close to them. 20% of women respondents said they had been attacked or abused offline in connection with online violence they had experienced. 13% increased their physical security in response to online violence and 4% said that they had missed work due to concerns about the attacks jumping offline. The mental health impacts of online violence were the most frequently identified (26%) consequence. 12% of respondents said they had sought medical or psychological help due to the effects of online violence. The story theme most often identified in association with increased attacks was gender (47%), followed by politics and elections (44%), and human rights and social policy (31%). 41% of the respondents to this survey said they had been targeted in online attacks that appeared to be linked to orchestrated disinformation campaigns. Political actors are the second most frequently noted sources (37%) of attacks and abuse after, anonymous or unknown attackers (57%), according to the women respondents." (Introduction)
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"Twitter is still not doing enough to protect women from online violence and abuse. Since the release of Toxic Twitter in 2018, Amnesty International has continued to highlight the scale of abuse women face on Twitter, including in Argentina, India, the UK and the US. Meanwhile, women have continued
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to speak out about the abuse they experience on Twitter, and the company’s failure to adequately respond. The persistent abuse women face on the platform undermines their right to express themselves equally, freely and without fear. This abuse is highly intersectional, women from ethnic or religious minorities, marginalized castes, lesbian, bisexual or transgender women - as well as non-binary individuals – and women with disabilities are targets for abuse. Although the company has made some welcome progress, the Twitter Scorecard shows how much remains to be done. The purpose of the Scorecard is not only to track Twitter’s progress, but also to provide concrete recommendations on steps that Twitter should take to address this issue. Of the ten recommendations below, Twitter has, to date, only fully implemented a single one. Using this Scorecard, we will continue to track Twitter’s progress on this critical issue going forward." (Conclusion)
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"This report [...] presents a bespoke analysis of how women around the world consume and perceive news, based on data on audience behaviour from 11 countries featured in the 2020 Reuters Institute Digital News Report: Kenya, South Africa, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, Brazil, Finland, Germa
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ny, United Kingdom, and United States. We have selected these 11 to represent as wide a geographical base as possible, and cover some of the richest and poorest countries in the report [...] As the country profiles show, a growing set of women-led protest movements against femicide, sexual assault, and online harassment around the world have created a new debate around how the news portrays women, and new conversations about who is in the newsroom deciding the agenda and framing the news. While news reporting has sometimes played an important role in these debates, it is also clear that many of them are driven by feminists who use social media as activist tools to speak out and organise against sexism and misogyny, sometimes in the news media too [...] Key Findings: Men are more likely than women to say that they are ‘extremely’ or ‘very’ interested in political news across all markets; Women are more likely than men to express high levels of interest in news about health and education; Women are more likely than men to report that they use TV news programmes or bulletins; Facebook is still an important source of news for both men and women, but YouTube and Twitter are more popular with men; Women will talk about news face to face with friends and family more than men. They are less likely to comment on news on news websites or on social media; Women’s levels of trust in news, and concern over ‘fake news’ online, are broadly similar to men’s." (https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk)
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"These guidelines are meant to promote responsible, ethical and safe representation and reporting of violence against women and violence against children. These guidelines highlight many basic, sometimes common sense approaches that are all too often ignored. Real-life situations may be even more co
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mplex than the circumstances presented here. Hence, these guidelines should raise awareness about the sensitivity of reporting on and communicating about violence against women and violence against children. The desired result is better informed media and communications practitioners; more empowering messages, visuals and communications content; and a way of working with survivors as subjects who have agency while doing no harm and benefitting all involved." (Summary, page 24)
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