"All respondents had experienced online violence. Misogynistic hate speech, sexists’ comments, body shaming as well as slut shaming was common among the women journalists and WHRDs interviewed. These threats were also extended to their families, friends, relatives and networks. Another frequently
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mentioned attack was the attempted hacking into women’s email. Most of the women interviewed reduced their online activity and presence in response to online violence whereas others deactivated some of their online accounts. The story theme most often identified in association with increased attacks was gender, followed by politics and elections, human rights and social policy. Anonymous or unknown attackers are the most frequently noted source of attacks according to the women respondents. Facebook was mentioned as the least safe among social media platforms/apps used by women participants, with most of the respondents saying it was “very unsafe” compared to Twitter. Most of the women journalists did not report incidents of online violence to their employers or security personnel."
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"Las 23 historias de vida y profesionales contenidas en este libro reflejan la riqueza y multiplicidad de abordajes y temas que la comunicación como disciplina permite investigar, así como algunas de las necesidades pendientes de abordar. En la diversidad también hay elementos compartidos que nos
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permiten articular una visión sobre la comunicación en México desde las mujeres cuya obra, aportes y reflexiones están contenidos en el texto. Cuando invitamos a las autoras a participar propiciamos la reflexión en torno a tres temas transversales. El primero es la comunicación misma: ¿Cómo entiendes la comunicación, desde dónde la has mirado, estudiado? El segundo tema transversal es el género: ¿Cómo tu experiencia de vida y profesional como mujer ha influido en la forma en que miras o entiendes la comunicación? El tercer tema es el de los fenómenos sociales que enfrentamos en México: ¿Qué problema o fenómeno debemos abordar desde la comunicación? A partir de los capítulos enviados emergió un cuarto tema transversal, el de la historia del campo de estudio de la comunicación en el país y los desafíos que enfrenta en la actualidad. Varios de los capítulos narran el inicio de los estudios de la comunicación en México en la década de 1970, cuando la Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México fundó la primera licenciatura en comunicación en el país. Posteriormente, el Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO), universidad jesuita junto con la IBERO, llevó el campo a la ciudad de Guadalajara donde dio pie a un nodo importante para la formación de académicas e investigadoras que se ha mantenido a lo largo de los años. Otra sede que contribuyó a la creación y consolidación de programas de estudios en comunicación fue la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, donde convergieron académicas y académicos del cono sur quienes abonaron a la formación de docentes y a la construcción de una mirada sobre los estudios de la comunicación." (Introducción, página 5-6)
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"Social media offered new opportunities for politicians to engage with the public.However, little research has explored public perceptions of women politicians and their role in women’s empowerment, especially in non-Western contexts. This study used a qualitative methodology to explore how young
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Emirati women made sense of gender and other identities in their discussions of Emirati women politicians on social media. Drawing from intersectionality theory, the study looked beyond gender, exploring other identities that may play a role in Emirati women’s perceptions. The results offered insights into the family and ethnic identity as they interacted with gender. The findings also highlighted the challenges of personalizing messages in a patriarchal society. This study contributes to international political communication research and practice by understanding the complexity of women’s sense-making of social media and women politicians in a non-Western context." (Abstract)
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"El objetivo es acercar debates, aprendizajes y conceptos alrededor de tres ejes: población afrodescendiente y negra, pueblos indígenas y comunidades LGBTIQ+ en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Las autoras y autores parten de una mirada situada en sus territorios, aportando historicidad sobre las lucha
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s de comunidades en la ampliación y respeto de los derechos humanos entendiendo estos como universales, inalienables, irrenunciables, imprescriptibles e indivisibles. Por ello, cada sección ofrece consejos, sugerencias y un glosario para quienes incursionan por primera vez en dichas temáticas. La guía busca generar reflexiones, pero también aportar buenas prácticas para ejercer el trabajo periodístico de forma comprometida, atenta y sensible." (Introducción)
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"Journalists in Mexico and Argentina are working hard to revolutionise the way women are represented in the news media but the media industry itself needs to look at how it treats women in the newsroom. Monica Cole interviewed 15 journalists to chronicle the ways representation is changing, and the
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challenges faced by those leading the charge." (Page 1)
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"The significance of our work became obvious to me in that courtroom. Stories of femicide do make headlines in Palestinian news, but rarely top the public agenda. If journalists made the same fuss every time a woman was attacked or murdered, would society look different? Why don't all women get the
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same public and media attention and outrage as Israa?" (Page 3)
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"La trayectoria y los aportes de 27 mujeres que han estudiado la comunicación en Bolivia están condensados en este libro que forma parte de la colección de Mujeres de la Comunicación de FES Comunicación en la región. El presente volumen está dividido en dos partes; la primera presenta a diez
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mujeres que han abierto senda e hicieron historia en la generación de conocimiento en la comunicación boliviana. La segunda, incluye a diecisiete comunicadoras contemporáneas –todas ellas integrantes de la Asociación Boliviana de Investigadores de la Comunicación (ABOIC)– que aportan a la investigación de la comunicación en vínculo con el periodismo, la docencia y el trabajo por la vigencia de derechos en sus distintos niveles. Las editoras consideran urgente ampliar esta presencia y palabra: romper los muros que permiten la normalización de la violencia contra las mujeres en el discurso público, así como la poca visibilización de sus voces e incidencia en la construcción de una comunicación más democrática." (Cubierta del libro)
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"This research was conducted through a survey (involving 1,256 respondents) and interviews (six informants) of female journalists in 191 cities, representing western, central, and eastern parts of Indonesia. This survey included 25 questions about the respondents’ violence experiences related to t
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heir work in the digital and physical world. The forms of violence asked in the questionnaire cover all forms of violence that we could find in literature and case records in Indonesia and abroad, including various policies and practices of discrimination for female journalists in the workplace related to salaries, reporting assignments, and so on, which we included in the categories of violence in the physical domain. [...] According to the statements from the female journalists, as many as 1,077 respondents (85.7%) had experienced violence during their journalistic career. Of these, as many as 70.1% of the respondents had experienced violence in the digital domain as well as in the physical domain, 7.9% of respondents had experienced only violence in the digital domain (online), and 7.8% of respondents had experienced only violence in the physical domain (offline). Meanwhile, only 179 respondents (14.3%) never experienced any form of violence at all [...] Although the survey data do not show a strong relationship between the acts of violence and the topic of the journalists’ reporting, interviews show that female journalists are more vulnerable to violence when covering issues considered risky, such as gender and sexuality (LGBTIQ) and the environment. The latter finding is in line with the statement by the Committee to Protect Journalists, which classifies environmental investigations in developing countries as dangerous, second only to reporting of armed conflicts." (Executive summary, page 9)
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"Devenir journaliste fait rêver bon nombre des Congolais. Un métier noble dont la pratique doit allier non seulement analyse et relationnel, mais aussi travail de terrain. Une option nécessaire à l’évaluation de l’éthique et de la déontologie enseignées à l’école, mais dont l’exerc
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ice se révèle souvent difficile. Ce livre reprend les principales tournées de travail opérées par l’auteure à l’intérieur du Congo. Il mesure l’écart existant entre la pratique en studios et les logiques de terrain, de même que l’intensité du travail abattu et les difficultés rencontrées. Il revient sur la complexité du métier, le recours plus que nécessaire aux sources, la collecte et le traitement minutieux des données. À travers l’ouvrage, la journaliste fait de l’information de proximité son cheval de bataille et invite ses collègues femmes à suivre son exemple. Pour que vive à jamais son combat pour l’information !" (Description de la maison d'édition)
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"1. Women’s uptake of mobile internet in lowand middle-income countries continues to increase, but the rate of adoption has slowed. Across low- and middle-income countries, 60 per cent of women now use mobile internet. Only 59 million additional women in low-and middle-income countries started usi
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ng mobile internet in 2021 compared to 110 million in 2020. This is significant since mobile remains the primary way most people access the internet, especially women. 2. The mobile internet gender gap had been reducing, but progress has stalled. Across low- and middle-income countries, women are now 16 per cent less likely than men to use mobile internet, which translates into 264 million fewer women than men. By comparison, the mobile internet gender gap in low- and middle-income countries was 25 per cent in 2017 and 15 per cent in 2020. The gender gap is widest in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and has remained relatively unchanged in all regions since 2017 except South Asia. In South Asia, the mobile internet gender gap had narrowed significantly, from 67 per cent in 2017 to 36 per cent in 2020, but has now widened to 41 per cent. This is due to continued increase in mobile internet adoption among men but no notable increase among women, particularly in India where men’s mobile internet use increased from 45 per cent to 51 per cent while women’s has remained flat at 30 per cent. 3. The gender gap in smartphone ownership has widened slightly. Over the past five years, the gender gap in smartphone ownership had been reducing year on year across low- and middle-income countries, from 20 per cent in 2017 to 16 per cent in 2020. Women are now 18 per cent less likely than men to own a smartphone, which translates into 315 million fewer women than men owning a smartphone. This year’s increase has been driven by an increase in the smartphone gender gap in South Asia, as well as a continued increase in the smartphone gender gap in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, once women own a smartphone, their awareness and use of mobile internet is almost on par with men [...]" (Key findings)
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"This qualitative feminist study analyzes Egyptian women journalists’ articulations of their shifting roles, struggles, and resistances to the political, legal, socio-economic, and professional challenges in a shifting, hybrid, and digitalized journalistic field. Through analyzing 16 interviews wi
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th women journalists representing different media affiliations, experiences, and demographics, this study explores their varied perceptions of the shifts in journalistic professionalism and press freedom in Egypt, their equally shifting professional roles and struggles, and their varied resistance mechanisms. On the one hand, this study unpacks the multiple challenges facing them, such as restricted journalistic autonomy, limited access to information and technology, sexual harassment, lack of job security, and other forms of professional discrimination, in a male-dominated profession and a patriarchal culture. On the other hand, it investigates the parallel resistance mechanisms they deploy to overcome these challenges. We argue that the amalgamation of these cyclical, push-and-pull dynamics gave birth to a new “differentiated media landscape” (Schroeder 2018), representing a third space between mainstream media and citizen journalism, the online and the offline, and the old and the new, in a rapidly evolving journalistic field." (Abstract)
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"This paper is the second in a series of three papers that explore the relationship between women in Africa today and Artificial Intelligence. In it, the authors explore the threats and benefits Artificial Intelligence brings to African women in different sectors; what it means to be an African woma
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n today from a pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial lens and how the intersection of various forces of production and society give insight into the ways African women's lives are currently being and will continue to be impacted by this technology." (Executive summary)
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"This collection brings together ten of the most distinguished feminist scholars whose work has been celebrated for its excellence in helping to lay the foundation of feminist communication and media research. This edited volume features contributions by the ten renowned communication and media scho
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lars that have received the Teresa Award for the Advancement of Feminist Scholarship: Patrice Buzzanell, Meenakshi Gigi Durham, Radha Hegde, Dafna Lemish, Radhika Parameswaran, Lana Rakow, Karen Ross, Leslie Steeves, Linda Steiner, and Angharad Valdivia. These distinguished scholars reflect on the contributions they have made to different subfields of media and communication scholarship, and offer invaluable insight into their own paths as feminist scholars. They each reflect on matters of power, agency, privilege, ethics, intersectionality, resilience, and positionality, address their own shortcomings and struggles, and look ahead to potential future directions in the field. Last but not least, they come together to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, marginalized people, and vulnerable populations, and to underline the crucial need for feminist communication and media scholarship to move beyond Eurocentrism toward an ethics of care and global feminist positionality. A comprehensive and inspiring resource for students and scholars of feminist media and communication studies." (Publisher description)
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"Online harassment is a major societal challenge that impacts multiple communities. Some members of community, like female journalists and activists, bear significantly higher impacts since their profession requires easy accessibility, transparency about their identity, and involves highlighting sto
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ries of injustice. Through a multi-phased qualitative research study involving a focus group and interviews with 27 female journalists and activists, we mapped the journey of a target who goes through harassment. We introduce PMCR framework, as a way to focus on needs for Prevention, Monitoring, Crisis and Recovery. We focused on Crisis and Recovery, and designed a tool to satisfy a target’s needs related to documenting evidence of harassment during the crisis and creating reports that could be shared with support networks for recovery. Finally, we discuss users’ feedback to this tool, highlighting needs for targets as they face the burden and offer recommendations to future designers and scholars on how to develop tools that can help targets manage their harassment." (Abstract)
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"This book demonstrates the crucial link between gender and structures of power in democratic Indonesia, and the role of the online news media in regulating this relationship of power. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA) as a theoretical framework, and social actor analysis as the methodological
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approach, this book examines the discursive representation of three prominent female Indonesian political figures in the mainstream Indonesian online news media in a period of social-political transition. It presents newfound linguistic evidence in the form of discourse strategies that reflect the women's dynamic relationship with power. More broadly, the critical analysis of the news discourse becomes a way of uncovering and evaluating implicit barriers and opportunities affecting women's political participation in Indonesia and other Asian political contexts, Indonesia's process of democratisation, and the influential role of the online news media in shaping and reflecting political discourse." (Publisher description)
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"Die Frage nach geschlechtergerechtem Sprachgebrauch scheint zur modernen Gretchenfrage geworden zu sein. Sie betrifft nicht nur ausnahmslos alle, die Deutsch sprechen oder schreiben, sie ist oftmals auch mit einem Bekenntnis beziehungsweise der Zuschreibung einer Haltung verbunden, die weit über s
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prachliche Geschmacksfragen hinausweist. Die vehement geführte Debatte um Gendersternchen und generisches Maskulinum trägt mitunter Züge eines Kulturkampfs, bei dem Sprache nur stellvertretend für andere gesellschaftliche Großthemen verhandelt wird. Schattierungen wahrzunehmen, wird dadurch schwieriger." (Veralg)
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"The objective of this study is twofold –firstly to understand how women have found self-expression through community radio as a frugal technology and how, in turn, it has helped them serve the community and empower other women in the community to find their voices. Secondly, this study examines h
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ow radio stations in remote rural locations have enabled local communities to voice themselves which in turn has facilitated flow of information between the local authorities and the people during the pandemic. We have documented eight case studies of women broadcasters in different community radio stations across India. These case studies substantiate that women have overcome various societal and cultural barriers to associate themselves with community radio as a technology. These women act as agents of change in their communities and are followed as role models for other women and girls. It is observed that women in their roles as radio broadcasters feel enabled, empowered and are able to impact the community. All the women interviewed in this study felt comfortable using technology to record, edit and broadcast programmes. While they did not have any prior experience of using technology, they were quick to learn and adapt. Through our interviews we were able to infer that radio as medium supports frugal technology for its operation. Indeed, technology has the potential to empower people, it is evident that frugal technologies like community radio treat people as agents and not as mere users." (Abstract, page 6)
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"Monitoring data indicate that in 2021 there were a total of 119 attacks against women journalists and/or gender attacks involving media professionals. Hence, it means that, on average, an attack occurred every three days. A striking aspect is the importance of gender: among the 119 cases, 38% were
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classified as gender attacks. These records mainly included attacks on the morals and reputation of female journalists (32 cases) and homophobic (8) and transphobic (1) attacks. There were also two cases of physical violence against women journalists and two online attacks motivated by gender-related news coverage. The appeal to gender and sexuality is not incidental: in societies with conservative values, this type of attack is a way of undermining the credibility of professional journalism and diverting attention from the news content. Instead of discussing the reported facts, the journalist’s legitimacy and authority to investigate and disseminate stories are discussed. In fact, it is no coincidence that the terms most used in insults to professionals refer to gender aspects – slut, whore, gossipy – and supposed ideological biases of journalists – militant, leftist, and communist, among others." (Executive summary)
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"After nearly 20 years of international investment and successful efforts to build a diverse media landscape and strengthen journalism standards, the Afghan media sector has fundamentally changed for the worse since the Taliban (also referred herein to as the de facto authorities) takeover on 15 Aug
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ust 2021. Before mid-August 2021, dedicated initiatives and investment focused on increasing the number of women working in the media across a diversity of roles, training and equipping them with valuable skills and expertise, as well as a substantive focus on women’s rights and gender equality in the media content, including on how gender inequality is a driver of conflict. The Taliban has sought to bring the Afghan media under its control, prohibiting broadcasts and publications that criticize Taliban rule and/or are incompatible with the group’s interpretation of Islamic and Afghan values. There is no universal experience across the changed media environment as the level of subnational variation is notable. The position of individual de facto leaders on media freedom varies according to their personal viewpoints and relationship to the media in the past, and their perception of the value of media to extend the credibility and authority of the Taliban in the eyes of the target audience. Despite subnational variations, nationwide trends are becoming increasingly discernible, clear and solidified. Although in some cases the level of discretion may be higher, rules and practices are consistent and congruent – continuous harassment, attacks, and detention of journalists, the requirement for women journalists to cover their face when on air, and various tactics which combined lead to self-censorship and exclusion of women from the media. This indicates a systematic and coherent effort to
muzzle the media and exclude women – their faces, perspectives, and experiences – from public spaces." (Summary)
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