commbox Journalists' Safety & Resilience

Recomendaciones para el cubrimiento de manifestaciones sociales

Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2020), 12 pp.

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Practices of Self-Censorship Among Nepali Journalists

Samiksha Koirala

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 72-82

"Although Nepal has entered a new era of democracy and press freedom since 2006, self-censorship still exists in the reporting/editing of many Nepali journalists. Nepal has more than 100 years of press history, most of it has faced pressure from the government if not censorship. Drawing upon intervi ... more

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Media Freedom in South Africa Today: Unravelling Multifarious Threats toward a Research and Advocacy Response

Julie Reid, Glenda. Daniels, Kate Skinner

Communicatio: South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research, volume 46, issue 3 (2020), pp. 1-19

"This article assesses the multiple factors which are barriers to media freedom in South Africa. These include crises of financial sustainability of the media sector which have recently been compounded by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; widespread job losses in journalism; and harassment and phy ... more

Pushing a Political Agenda: Harassment of French and African Journalists in Côte d’Ivoire’s 2010-2011 National Election Crisis

Jeslyn Lemke

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 472-490

"Côte d’Ivoire’s national election in 2010 descended into civil war into 2011 when incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo refused to concede the presidency to the internationally recognized winner Alassane Ouattara. The three political players in this election—the parties of Ouattara, Gbagbo, and ... more

Prospect for Change in the Gambia: Collaborative Support to Combat Impunity. Exploring Criminal Justice and Human Rights Mechanisms

International Media Support (IMS) (2020), 41 pp.

"This International Media Support report explores criminal justice and human rights mechanisms to protect journalists, media workers and human rights advocates in an effort to combat impunity in The Gambia. It is the culmination of an innovative approach to hold perpetrators of attacks, killings and ... more

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Work-related sexual harassment and coping techniques: The case of Indonesian female journalists

Deborah N. Simorangkir

Media Asia, volume 47, issue 1-2 (2020), pp. 23-33

"Female journalists make up only between five to 10 percent of the total journalists in Indonesia. Consequently, this often gives women little bargaining power in the workplace. This research analyzes the prevalence and nature of sexual harassment experienced by Indonesian female journalists, as wel ... more

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The Rise of Secular Nationalist and Islamic-Based Populist Communication Strategies: New Threats to Indonesian Media and Journalists' Freedom

Nyarwi Ahmad

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 124-146

"This study aims to examine the impacts of secular nationalist and Islamic-based populist communication strategies advanced by Jokowi and Prabowo on the Indonesian media and journalists' freedoms during the presidential elections of 2019. To address this topic, this study uses the qualitative method ... more

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You need a thick skin in this game: Journalists’ attitudes to resilience training as a strategy for combatting online violence

Fiona Martin, Colleen Murrell

Australian Journalism Review, volume 42, issue 1 (2020), pp. 93-11.

"In recent years, resilience training has been recommended as a way to protect news workers from the impact of reporting on traumatic events. However, do journalists see it as a useful tool in dealing with online abuse and harassment? This article explores Australian journalists’ conceptions of re ... more

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Online Harassment and Its Implications for the Journalist–Audience Relationship

Seth C. Lewis, Rodrigo Zamith, Mark Coddington

Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1047-1067

"Amid growing threats to journalists around the world, this study examines the nature of online harassment, the types of journalists most likely to experience it, and the most common forms of response to such abuse. Through a representative survey of U.S. journalists, we find that nearly all journal ... more

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Combating Bullets With a Pen: The Importance of Free Media and the Safety of Journalists for Building a Public Sphere for Democracy in Pakistan

Fahad Mahmood

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 54-71

"Journalists have always faced restrictions on their freedom of speech and threats to their security in Pakistan. During Pakistan's 2018 general elections, the country's media was also managed and controlled to create a maligned public-sphere to misguide the Pakistani voters. Public sphere was malig ... more

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Risks to journalists’ safety and the vulnerability of media freedom in the U.S.

Sadia Jamil, Glenn W. Muschert

In: Agenda for Social Justice 2020: Solutions for 2020

Glenn W. Muschert, Kristen M. Budd, Robert Perrucci (eds.)

Bristol: Bristol University Press (2020), pp. 135-142

"Media freedom is primarily the freedom of diverse forms of media and sources of communication. Traditionally, freedom of the press is conceptualized as the freedom to publish; however, the notion of media freedom is much broader as it encompasses the freedom both to publish and to broadcast, emphas ... izing the idea that media in information societies consist of more than print sources (e.g. newspapers and magazines) and incorporates electronic sources of communication as well, such as radio, television, and the Internet. Hence, freedom of the media is indispensable for democratic societies given that the media are an outlet for public discussion and opinion and basically operate to seek the truth, educate the public, and serve as a watchdog over government. Threats to journalists and attacks on media freedom undermine the proper functioning of the United States as a democratic society, as the ability of journalists to investigate and report on controversial topics becomes threatened by the government and pressure groups such as criminal gangs, terrorists, and corporate giants. In the U.S., as elsewhere, freedom of expression is a fundamental human right, and a precondition for many other democratic rights. According to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution: Restrictions on freedom of expression can be direct (such as stringent laws) and in direct (such as censorship pressure from the government and military), and vary relative to social contexts. In democratic systems, media organizations and journalists have been the lifeline of freedom of expression and public accountability. The existence of free and pluralistic media is indispensable to democratic governance, and media freedom is vital to the practice of journalism. Media professionals and journalists need the freedom to perform their jobs without undue constraints. Journalists report on issues of public interest, including government policies, and have a key role to play in democracies by revealing truth and disseminating information indispensable to sustainable knowledge societies. Threats and violence against journalists and media professionals can stop the public from exercising their fundamental right to seek, receive, and impart information." (Abstract) more

Professional Autonomy and Structural Influences: Exploring How Homicides, Perceived Insecurity, Aggressions Against Journalists, and Inequalities Affect Perceived Journalistic Autonomy in Colombia

Miguel Garces Prettel, Jesús Arroyave Cabrera, Adolfo Baltar Moreno

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 3054-3075

"Journalistic autonomy has been studied more frequently in countries with secure democracies in terms of journalists’ perceptions of freedom and independence to work in the midst of the controls, pressures, and influences perceived in the newsrooms. Based on objective variables and on a national s ... more

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Why are journalists threatened and killed? A portrait of neo-paramilitary anti-press violence in Colombia's Bajo Cauca

Matthew Charles

Journalism, volume 23, issue 4 (2020), pp. 841-857

"Anti-press violence in Colombia's Bajo Cauca is an inherent part of the structures, which underpin the region's alternative social (dis)order. Through ethnographic interviews with four members of Colombia's neo-paramilitary group,Los Urabenos, who have perpetrated attacks against journalists, this ... more

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Making Sense of Journalists' Safety and Media Freedom in Egypt Between Different Types of Threats and the Ruling Legislative Context: Multi-Analytical study

Nermeen Nabil Alazrak

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 172-185

"This study seeks to investigate different types of threats which affect the journalists' safety in Egypt and how do they manage their work in the presence of the diverse threats. The study analyzes the Egyptian legislative framework in order to explain whether it protects media freedom and journali ... more

Safety of Journalists and the Fighting of Corruption in the EU

Tarlach McGonagle, Ronan Ó Fathaigh, Gionata Bouché, Melinda Rucz et al.

Brussels: European Parliament, Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (2020), 112 pp.

"Journalism and journalists face a growing range of threats, including violence and harassment; the misuse of defamation and other laws against them, and restrictive measures on freedom of information and expression adopted in response to the Covid-19 crisis. States must ensure a safe and favourable ... more

Strengthening Media Freedom: The Protection of Journalists in Europe, Hate Speech, Disinformation and the Role of Platforms

Gianluca Sgueo

European Parliament (2020), 20 pp.

"European Parliament resolution of 25 November 2020 on strengthening media freedom: the protection of journalists in Europe, hate speech, disinformation and the role of platforms (2020/2009(INI))." (Introduction)

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Safety of Journalists: Guidebook

William Horsley

Vienna: Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), 3rd ed. (2020), 162 pp.

New Digital Media: Freedom of Expression and Safeguarding Journalists in the Context of East Africa

Tonny Raymond Kirabira

Cross Cultural Human Rights Review, volume 2, issue 1 (2020), pp. 49-71

"Many East African states have developed restrictive legal and policy measures regarding the use of the internet. This has resulted in the declining state of media freedom and safety of journalists. This article addresses freedom of expression as a pre-condition for safeguarding journalists in selec ... more