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Journalism Ethics
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Media Industries
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
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Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
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International Media & Communication Policies
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Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
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Plagiarism
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Community Radio Policies
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Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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European Union (EU)
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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
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Media Governance
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Democracy
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Politics and Media
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Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
9
UNESCO
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Political Transition and Media
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Press
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Public Media, State Media
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Copyright: Books
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Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
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Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
8
Humanitarian Law
8
Ethics in Media & Communication
8
Media, Mass Media
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Internet Governance, Internet Policies
8
Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
8
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
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Press Law & Regulation
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Financing Media, Financial Media Management
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Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Community Media Policies & Regulation
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Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
7
History of Media & Communication
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World Information and Communication Order
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Tax Reductions for Media
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Radio
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Government Advertising, State Advertising
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Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
6
Copyright: Music
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Community Media Financing & Sustainability
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Cultural Policies
6
Information Society
6
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
6
Council of Europe
6
Associations & Networks of Journalists
6
Television Policies
6
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
6
Open Source Software
6
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
6
Access to Media & Information
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
5
Copyright: Films
5
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
5
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
5
Government Communication Strategies
5
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
5
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
5
War Reporting
5
Music Industries & Markets
5
Television Markets
5
Political Economy of Media
5
Globalisation of Media
5
Satellite Television
5
Journalists
5
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
5
MDDA - Media Develoment and Diversity Agency (South Africa)
5
Press Landscapes
5
Human Rights Protection
5
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
5
National Security Legislation
5
Financing Public Service Media
5
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
5
Public & State Television
5
Civil Society
5
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
4
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
4
Community Television
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Defamation, Libel, Slander
4
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
4
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
4
Female Journalists & Media Workers
4
Good Practice Examples
4
Mercosur
4
Investigative Journalism
4
Media Assistance
4
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
4
Radio Landscapes
4
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
4
Media Regulation Practices
4
Accountability & Transparency
4
Corruption & Combating Corruption
4
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
4
Advertising Law & Regulation
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
Book Markets & Industries
3
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
3
Film Industries
3
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
3
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
3
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Strategic Communication Planning
3
Community Media
3
Community Radio Setting-Up
3
Community Television Policies & Regulation
3
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
3
Development and Media
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
3
Software Industries
3
Racism in Communication & Media
3
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
3
Media Markets
3
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
3
History of the Press
3
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
3
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
3
Legal Status of Journalists
3
Election Reporting
3
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
3
Local Communication & Media
3
Media Assistance: Aims, Priorities, Funding Policies
3
Media Assistance: Cooperation Among Stakeholders, Power Relations, Ownership
3
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
3
Media Democratization
3
Television Landscapes
3
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
3
Theories of Change
3
Digital Switchover
3
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
3
Media Assistance: Access to Public Information
2
Advertising
2
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Book Rights, Publishing Contracts, Licenses
2
Film Markets
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Copyright: Software
2
Patents
2
Performing Rights
2
Recording Rights
2
Reprint Rights
2
Translation Rights
2
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
Self-Censorship
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Right to be Forgotten
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Community Radio Contents & Programming
2
Community Radio & Gender
2
Community Radio Management
2
Terrorism
2
Conflicts and Media
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Convergence of Media
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
2
Economics of Media
2
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
2
Radio Markets
2
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
2
Press Councils
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
2
International News Flow
2
United Nations (UN)
2
Financing Journalism
2
Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Television News
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Language Policies
2
Linguistic Diversity
2
Minority Languages
2
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
2
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
2
Media Development Indicators
2
Communication & Information Needs
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Child Protection: Legislation & Regulation
2
Civil Rights
2
Customary Law
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Media Complaints / Sanctions Procedures
2
Religious Freedom
2
Transitional Justice
2
Financing Press & Print Media
2
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
2
Democratization
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Public Spheres
2
Newspapers
2
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
2
Commercial Radios
2
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
2
Social Aspects
2
Digital Radio
2
Telecommunications
2
Commercial Television
2
Television Channels
2
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Radio Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy
1
Lobbying
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Media Use: Urban Populations
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Campaigning
1
Political Campaigns
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Christian Communication
1
Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD)
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Cinema
1
Film Financing
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Copyright: Photos & Illustrations
1
Digital Rights Management
1
TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property)
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Community Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Foro Argentino de Radios Comunitarias (FARCO)
1
Community Radio Governance & Ownership
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Participatory Communication
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Holocaust
1
Civil Wars
1
War Crimes
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Popular Art, Folk Art, Handicrafts
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Culture (General)
1
Traditional Cultures
1
Development Assistance
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Spam & Scam
1
ICANN
1
Internet
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Online Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Search Engines
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Regulation
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Ethnic / Minority Television Programmes
1
Minority Rights
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Libraries
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Press Distribution
1
Television Industries
1
Media Market Transparency
1
Press Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Taxes
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Open Educational Resources (OER)
1
Training
1
Sports Reporting
1
Environmental Communication
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Extractive Industries & Mining Reporting
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
Tobacco Counter-Marketing, Smoking Cessation Campaigning, Nicotine Addiction Reporting
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History (General)
1
History of Telecommunication
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Indigenous Rights, Indigenous Jurisdiction & Customary Law
1
Public Funding & Support Policies: Indigenous Communication
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
Regional (Transnational) Integration & Communication
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Global Governance
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Radio Journalism Education
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
News Agencies
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Local Television
1
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
1
Media Assistance Donors: Multilateral Organizations
1
Netherlands: Media Assistance
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Social Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Media Privatization
1
Radio Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Consumer Protection
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Media Content Regulation
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Rule of Law
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
1
PRISA (Spain)
1
Music
1
Music Videos
1
Pop Music
1
Radio Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Politics
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Capitalism
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Public Interest
1
Agenda Setting
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Propaganda
1
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
1
Yellow Press
1
Local Ownership, Local Stakeholder Participation
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Public & State Radios
1
Religious Radio Programmes
1
Radio Networks
1
Radio Engineering & Technologies
1
Media Effects
1
Oppression
1
Manipulation
1
Confucianism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam and Communication
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Research Methods
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Interviewing (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Society
1
Civic Coalitions
1
Apartheid
1
Participation
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Satellites
1
Software
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Pay TV, Pay Television
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Media Laws: Training Curriculum
London: Institute for War & Peace Reporting (IWPR) (2014), 70 pp.
"The aim of this handbook is to equip the reader with an understanding of Rwanda’s new media laws, both in terms of the rights and obligations introduced, as well as in terms of the regulatory and institutional structure they have established. The handbook is presented in seven modules, which comp
...
Legal Leaks Toolkit: A Guide for Journalists on How to Access Government Information
Key Guidance
Madrid; Berlin: Access Info Europe; N-ost Netzwerk für Osteuropa-Berichterstattung (2014), 85 pp.
"This toolkit is designed for journalists working in any media – newspapers, radio, and television – as well as bloggers and other information professionals who need to get access to information held by public bodies for their stories. The toolkit is for journalists making requests in their own
...
The Return of the Cultural Exception and its Impact on International Agreements
Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 4, issue 1 (2014), 12 pp.
"This essay examines the influence of the French concept of the “cultural exception” on European media policy and international agreements. After briefly reviewing the historical background of the cultural exception in France, the essay describes how demands for the cultural exception and those
...
25 Jahre Medienfreiheit in Polen: Der Zustand des Medienrechts
AfP Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kommunikationsrecht, volume 45, issue 6 (2014), pp. 492-497
"Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Situation des Medienrechtes in Polen, 25 Jahre nach dem Ende der kommunistischen Herrschaft."
The Main Challenges for the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media
Security and Human Rights, volume 24 (2014), pp. 325-332
"This article focuses on the interdependence between security and human rights. The author advocates that freedom of expression and free media – two basic human rights – play increasingly important roles in fostering a meaningful debate on security issues and that they can help us to effectively
...
Party Colonisation of the Media in Central and Eastern Europe
Budapest et al.: Central European University Press (2014), vi, 273 pp.
"The author argues that differences in media freedom and in the politicization of the news media are rooted in differences in party structures between old and new democracies, and, notably, the fact that young parties in the new members of the European Union are short of resources, which makes them
...
Access to Information in Africa: Examining Progress Since the APAI Declaration
Windhoek: African Platform on Access to Information (APAI); Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2013), 91 pp.
"Out of the twelve countries surveyed, only four have specific access to information laws. These countries are: Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe. However, a significant indication of the shifting tide on the continent is that six of the countries surveyed have some form of specific access to
...
State Aid for Newspapers: Theories, Cases, Actions
Heidelberg et al.: Springer (2013), xii, 402 pp.
National Broadcasting and State Policy in Arab Countries
Basingstoke et al.: Palgrave Macmillan (2013), xii, 221 pp.
"A state-of-the-art analysis of the situation of national television in Arab countries, addressing what Arab national broadcastings today say about public policy and political opening. The essays deal with the reforms of public broadcasting organizations and the evolution, perspectives and issues of
...
Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Media Assistance: Lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo
Sarajevo: Analitika – Center for Social Research (2013), 43 pp.
"The cases from B&H and Kosovo show that three straightforward regulatory practices can make a significant impact in a relatively short time. What is needed is an independent and legitimate regulator, a set of laws and guidelines against incendiary media, and an accompanying set of laws in protectio
...
Handbook on International Standards and Media Law in the Arab World
Halifax; Brussels: Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD); International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2013), 64 pp.
"International law provides robust general protection for freedom of expression, including freedom of the media, and this has been subject to detailed elaboration by international human rights courts and other official bodies tasked with promoting human rights globally and regionally. For the media,
...
Media Law Handbook for Southern Africa, Vol. 2
Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2013), pp. 397-707
"A practical guide for journalists practising in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. The handbook not only contains a comprehensive overview of applicable media laws for each country reviewed, it also contains suggestions on possible law reforms to improve
...
The Consolidation Challenge: Strengthening the Independence of Media Institutions in Kosovo
Prishtina: Democracy for Development (D4D) (2013), 24 pp.
"This policy brief builds upon the findings of a research report that looked specifically on the ways in which three media institutions - Independent Media Commission (IMC); Radio Television of Kosovo (RTK) and the Press Council of Kosovo (PCK) – established in the aftermath of conflict with consi
...
Derecho a la comunicación: Realidad y desafíos en América Latina. Pueblos indígenas y políticas públicas de radiodifusión
Lima: Servicios en Comunicación Intercultural (SERVINDI) (2013), 429 pp.
"La finalidad de este libro es ofrecer al movimiento indígena del Perú y de América Latina un marco de referencia comparativo regional de las políticas públicas referidas al ejercicio del derecho a la comunicación de los pueblos indígenas que facilite articular propuestas para la agenda indí
...
Consulta ciudadana "Tu palabra sobre las noticias y el derecho a la información y la comunicación": Informe final
La Paz: Observatorio Nacional de Medios (ONADEM); Fundación UNIR (2013), 47 pp.
"Esta investigación, en líneas generales, ha permitido establecer que la televisión es el medio preferido para informarse y está situada en los extremos de la credibilidad: se le cree o no se le cree. La población se informa principalmente para 'estar al tanto' e interrelacionarse y de manera s
...
Tuning Into Development: International Comparative Survey of Community Broadcasting Regulation
Paris: UNESCO (2013), 88 pp.
"This report maps the complex legislative frameworks of community broadcasters in more than 30 countries. It examines how the sector can be strengthened in line with international standards and provides analysis and recommendations that may be of interest to donors and policy makers as they set prio
...
Global Right to Information Update: An Analysis by Region
Freedom of Information Advocates Network (FOIAnet) (2013), 91 pp.
"The Update reveals that the challenges faced by advocates, and the campaigning tactics used in each region, are at times remarkably similar. National civil society coalitions, for example, are mentioned by many authors as having made a central contribution to campaigns. In other cases, challenges d
...
Media regulation in the Mekong and opportunities for the development of public service and community broadcasting
Bangkok: UNESCO Office Bangkok and Regional Bureau for Education in Asia and the Pacific (2013), 48 pp.
"This report analyses current media legislation and regulation in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam and examines the opportunities for the development of public service and community broadcasting. The report also includes useful references to Singapore." (Preface)
