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Freedom on the Net 2021: The Global Drive to Control Big Tech
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Washington, DC: Freedom House (2021), 41 pp.

"1. Global internet freedom declined for the 11th consecutive year. The greatest deteriorations were documented in Myanmar, Belarus, and Uganda, where state forces cracked down amid electoral and constitutional crises. Myanmar’s 14-point score decline is the largest registered since the Freedom on ... more

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Watching the Watchmen: Content Moderation, Governance, and Freedom of Expression

London: Article 19 (2021), 86 pp.

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Taming Big Tech: A Pro-Competitive Solution to Protect Free Expression

London: Article 19 (2021), 42 pp.

"In this policy, ARTICLE 19 outlines how open markets, competition, and users’ empowerment can help address current freedom of expression challenges in online content curation. We offer practical solutions on how to achieve these objectives through a pro-competitive instrument: the unbundling of t ... more

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Taking Control? Internet Censorship and Surveillance in Russia: Update

Ulrike Gruska

Berlin: Reporters Without Borders (2021), 53 pp.

"This update to the RSF report “Taking Control? Internet Censorship and Surveillance in Russia” (published in November 2019) focuses on the period between the 2019 elections and the parliamentary elections in September 2021. It describes how the Kremlin has severely restricted press freedom and ... more

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Global Toolkit for Judicial Actors: International Legal Standards on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Safety of Jornalists

Paris: UNESCO (2021), 210 pp.

"This toolkit on international standards for freedom of expression builds on these efforts, aiming to give a global scope to this endeavour. By reinforcing the knowledge and capacities of the judiciary, the toolkit effectively contributes to the implementation of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety ... more

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‘Lockdown’ on Digital Journalism? Mapping Threats to Press Freedom During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis

Lambrini Papadopoulou, Theodora A. Maniou

Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 9 (2021), pp. 1344-1366

"Across the globe, governments have issued emergency and drastic measures aimed at tracking the spread of COVID-19 and safeguarding public health. Notwithstanding the necessity and importance of some of these measures, this work argues that numerous governments around the world used the pandemic cri ... more

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Myanmar Coup and Internet Shutdowns

Asia Centre (2021), 15 pp.

"Asia Centre’s Briefing Note, Myanmar Coup and Internet Shutdowns, tracks the period 1 February to 31 March 2021. The Note provides a timeline of the shutdowns, reactions from protestors, technology companies and the international community, legal analysis of key laws and Myanmar’s international ... more

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El periodismo y el sistema de justicia: Casos de violación de la libertad de prensa y de judicialización

Rosario Hurtado Muñoz, Luis Miguel Purizaga Vértiz

Lima: Instituto de Defensa Legal (IDL);Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung (2021), 134 pp.

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Un acercamiento entre la justicia y el periodismo: Balance del trabajo realizado junto con magistrados y magistradas, y retos para hacer sostenible su acercamiento y empoderamiento en temas de libertad de expresión, acceso a la información pública y seguridad de periodistas

Cruz Silva Del Carpio

Lima: Instituto de Defensa Legal;UNESCO (2021), 31 pp.

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Subordinating Freedom of Expression to Human Dignity: Promoting or Undermining Journalism—A Case of Zimbabwe

Danford Zirugo

African Journalism Studies, volume 42, issue 2 (2021), pp. 43-58

"Motivated by a 2014 Constitutional Court opinion that under Zimbabwe’s new constitution of 2013, freedom of expression might have to be considered as subordinate to human dignity, the study analyses the implications of this on journalistic practice. The study argues that such a move would undermi ... more

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Let Free Media Thrive: Stories of Impact of the Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists

Paris: UNESCO (2021), 18 pp.

"The collection of stories presented here aims to highlight the impact of the MDP's (Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists) MDP’s actions over the course of this challenging year. Through testimonies from beneficiaries and partners who aspire to improve freedom o ... more

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Media and Freedom of Expression

International Reports , volume 37, issue 3 (2021), pp. 2-99

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"Prosecute Them with Awesome Power": China’s Crackdown on Tengdro Monastery and Restrictions on Communications in Tibet

Human Rights Watch (2021), 63 pp.

"This report provides the first detailed account of the raid on the Tengdro monastery and its consequences, including multiple detentions and a suicide, that has appeared in any media within or outside China. It also provides analysis of what the case shows about conditions in Tibet today and assess ... more

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Digital Dominion: How the Syrian Regime's Mass Digital Surveillance Violates Human Rights

New York: Access Now;UIC John Marshall Law School International Human Rights Clinic (2021), iii, 26 pp.

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Report on Media Freedom in Moldova

Freedom House;USAID (2021), 11 pp.

"The media sector in Moldova is diverse. Dogged investigative reporting plays a vital role in public life. However, the legal framework governing the sector is unstable and underdeveloped. In 2020, much of the country’s political class treated the independent press with hostility, viewing journali ... more

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Borrowing Mouths to Speak on Xinjiang

Fergus Ryan, Ariel Bogle, Nathan Ruser et al.

Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre (2021), 40 pp.

"This report explores how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses foreign social media influencers to shape and push messages domestically and internationally about Xinjiang that are aligned with its own preferred narratives. Our research has found key instances in which Chinese state entities have s ... more

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#StopXinjiang Rumors: The CCP’s Decentralised Disinformation Campaign

Fergus Ryan, Ariel Bogle, Albert Zhang, Jacob Wallis

Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre (2021), 50 pp.

"This report analyses two Chinese state-linked networks seeking to influence discourse about Xinjiang across platforms including Twitter and YouTube. This activity targeted the Chinese-speaking diaspora as well as international audiences, sharing content in a variety of languages. Both networks atte ... more

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Google Scholar (9)

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Regardless of Frontiers: Global Freedom of Expression in a Troubled World
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Lee C. Bollinger, Agnès Callamard (eds.)

New York: Columbia University Press (2021), xxiv, 409 pp.

"This volume brings together leading experts from a variety of fields to critically evaluate the extent to which global norms on freedom of expression and information have been established and which actors and institutions have contributed to their diffusion. The contributors also consider ongoing a ... more

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Media Environment Before and After 2021 Elections: Threats and Supportive Instruments

Mariam Gersamia, Maia Toradze

Tbilisi: Media and Communication Educational and Research Center (MCERC) (2021), 65 pp.

"The study revealed the macro and micro media threats that come to light in the digital and physical media environments prior to and following elections. The media environment observed during the 2021 self-government elections was representative of the reality seen through the eyes of media workers, ... more

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China’s Cyber Vision: How the Cyberspace Administration of China is Building a New Consensus on Global Internet Governance

Nathan Attrill, Audrey Fritz

Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre (2021), 19 pp.

Freedom on the Net 2021: The Global Drive to Control Big Tech Top Insights

Regardless of Frontiers: Global Freedom of Expression in a Troubled World Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2021: The Global Drive to Control Big Tech
Top Insights

Regardless of Frontiers: Global Freedom of Expression in a Troubled World
Top Insights