"Every photography subject deserves to be treated as an autonomous human being, capable of making independent decisions. In case of children, we also need to ensure their parents’ consent. We need to be constantly aware of our position in the power hierarchy — in the development world, in many c
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ases, we control the subject’s access to money, schooling, opportunities, and even fun. So they may defer to us by default, and it is our responsibility to not take advantage of this. It is our duty to protect the subjects from harm, and to ensure they enjoy every possible benefit of participating in our activity." (Page 8)
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"Esse Guia é decorrente de forte demanda do movimento social brasileiro, provocada pela proliferação de narrativas midiáticas que violam direitos elementares, previstos em lei. Capitaneada pela TV, a tendência espraia-se por outros meios e dilui as fronteiras entre jornalismo e entretenimento,
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afetando a credibilidade da imprensa e colocando em xeque as regras da democracia [...] No Volume I, o leitor encontra um guia prático para identificar violações de direitos no campo da comunicação de massa, com exemplos extraídos de programas de rádio e TV de todas as regiões do País, e um apanhado inédito dos dispositivos legais que buscam harmonizar o direito à liberdade de expressão com outros direitos dos cidadãos, como o de terem a imagem e a privacidade respeitadas." (Contracapa)
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"Esse Guia é decorrente de forte demanda do movimento social brasileiro, provocada pela proliferação de narrativas midiáticas que violam direitos elementares, previstos em lei. Capitaneada pela TV, a tendência espraia-se por outros meios e dilui as fronteiras entre jornalismo e entretenimento,
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afetando a credibilidade da imprensa e colocando em xeque as regras da democracia. [...] cidadãos, como o de terem a imagem e a privacidade respeitadas. No Volume II, são reunidos artigos que refletem o teor dos debates travados pela sociedade civil em relação às produções em foco. São reflexões de estudiosos, militantes e observadores em geral do campo, abrangendo diferentes perspectivas, a partir mesmo do perfil dos autores, oriundos da academia e de organizações que defendem a liberdade de expressão e o direito à comunicação." (Contracapa)
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"The guide’s primary audience is investigators, journalists, advocates, archivists, and others who utilize eyewitness video for reporting, investigating, or documenting human rights issues. While the guide is primarily concerned with videos already produced, many of the ethical considerations disc
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ussed are also applicable to the broadcast and curation of live streaming footage. Finally, this guide is just that. Deciding if and how to curate eyewitness videos is rarely an easy process. At times, you may find two or more of the ethical considerations outlined below in conflict, and will have to use your professional judgment to make the best of an imperfect decision. The way you do so may depend on your own expertise, field of work, and objectives. We hope that the guidance and examples herein will support you in making those difficult decisions, and we welcome your feedback to help us update and improve these guidelines." (About this guide)
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"This book aims to be the first comprehensive exposition of "mindful journalism"-drawn from core Buddhist ethical principles-as a fresh approach to journalism ethics. It suggests that Buddhist mindfulness strategies can be applied purposively in journalism to add clarity, fairness and equity to news
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decision-making and to offer a moral compass to journalists facing ethical dilemmas in their work. It comes at a time when ethical values in the news media are in crisis from a range of technological, commercial and social factors, and when both Buddhism and mindfulness have gained considerable acceptance in Western societies." (Publisher description)
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"In this article, I address some central issues in journalism ethics from a fresh perspective, namely, one that is theoretical and informed by values salient in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on a foundational moral theory with an African pedigree, which is intended to rival Western theories such as Ka
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ntianism and utilitarianism, I provide a unified account of an array of duties of various agents with respect to the news/opinion media. I maintain that the ability of the African moral theory to plausibly account for issues such as proper content, investigative ethics, and freedom of speech means that it should be taken seriously by media ethicists and merits being paired up against competing approaches in future work." (Abstract)
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"Este Manual de Bioética para periodistas es el resultado de un Seminario organizado por el Programa Regional de bioética y ética de la ciencia de la UNESCO, en colaboración con la Universidad del Bosque en la ciudad de Bogotá, destinado a la capacitación de periodistas en temas de Bioética.
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El objetivo principal fue brindar los conocimientos básicos que los profesionales de los medios de comunicación deberían tener para informar de manera adecuada a la comunidad sobre temas éticos que involucran la vida en general y la salud humana en particular y que están atravesados por conflictos de valores, creencias, principios o derechos. [...] Se incluyen temas de bioética clínica como son los que emergen del comienzo y el final de la vida humana (aborto, fertilización asistida, directivas anticipadas, muerte digna, trasplantes de órganos, etc.), o de ética de la investigación (los límites que debe tener la investigación en la que participan seres humanos, los derechos de los pacientes y las obligaciones de investigadores, gobiernos y empresas farmacéuticas), las cuestiones relacionadas al medio ambiente (como el cambio climático, la contaminación con agroquímicos, los alimentos transgénicos, el desarrollo tecnológico y los riesgos para el planeta), y todo el gran espectro de temas sociales tan frecuentes en nuestra región como la exclusión social, la discriminación, la pobreza, la inequidad y, fundamentalmente el derecho a la salud. Estas, entre muchas otra cuestiones que son parte de la agenda bioética tal cual la entiende la UNESCO como un área de conocimiento que se aborda desde el enfoque de los derechos humanos y por tanto desde un paradigma más amplio que lo puramente biomédico." (Introducción)
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"The chapters of the first section focus on general concepts about communication and public relations ethics as well as corporate social responsibility. Three sections then deal with: the specific situation of communication and PR ethics in various European countries; the evolution of ethical skills
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of communication professionals; and the interaction between communication ethics and the public sphere. The final two sections offer insights on recent research in public relations, like employee communication and engagement, mentoring in public relations and the evolution of media relations and social media communication." (Publisher website)
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"The Accountable Journalism database compiles international codes of media ethics from around the world and is the largest resource of its kind [...] Most of the 400+ codes listed here were drafted and adopted by an individual outlet (e.g. a newspaper), a sector of the media industry (e.g. broadcast
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ing), a union/ association of journalists, a press council or a press club. The exceptions consist of synthetic codes, codes imposed by a government or codes recommended by international bodies or activists." (www.accountablejournalism.org)
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"The goal of the seminar “Reporting on Corruption and Investigative Journalism” is a two-day active dialogue between journalists and investigators from the region in order to discuss the following topics: ethics of reporting - cases and practice in Serbia, investigative journalism and corruption
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, as well as the standards of reporting on corruption allegations. The direct intention of the organiser is to encourage the journalists to deal with this topic in their everyday work, as well as to encourage some of them to perfect themselves in the field of investigative journalism and to join specialised teams for investigative journalism. A collection of articles, created in particular for this occasion, is a result of many years of journalism experience in investigation, as well as of academic approach to the ethics of journalism, which is particularly important in investigative journalism and court reporting." (Pages 6-7)
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"A Western paradigm has dominated approaches to communication and journalism studies – particularly in the areas of theory, analysis and law and ethics. This article backgrounds important critiques of that paradigm, and considers how globalized communication and media studies has become, before ex
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emplifying how a secular Buddhist perspective might offer 2,500 year-old analytical tools that can assist with media analysis, law and ethics. The article proposes the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths, particularly the sila (moral/ethical) dimension of the fourth truth, the Noble Eightfold Path (magga), can serve as a fruitful tool for informing communication theory and analysis, and media law and ethics. The article begins by assessing the extent to which communication and media studies in Asia and the Pacific has shifted to accommodate non-Western approaches. In media analysis, it suggests the Buddha’s teachings on Right Speech (samma vaca) offer key understandings to assist with the deconstruction of media texts. In media law and ethics, it extends the application of Right Speech principles to comparing defences to libel (defamation) as they have developed in four Western jurisdictions." (Abstract)
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"This publication [...] deals with the major ethical challenges facing journalists and other media practitioners in an environment in which social media has been assuming increasing importance and influence. By providing guidelines on how to deal with these challenges, this publication can serve as
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a practical guidebook for journalists and other media practitioners. In addition, this publication discusses the relationship between media ethics, law and freedom of expression. It presents different models of media regulation and gives examples of journalistic codes of ethics from around the world. In doing so, the publication puts the debate about media ethics in a broader context and provides an up-to-date framework to rethink media ethics for the media of today." (Foreword)
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"Natürlich ist Grundlage unserer Arbeit auch der Pressekodex. Darüber hinaus haben wir überlegt, was ist das Besondere von uns als katholisches Lateinamerika-Hilfswerk, als „Adveniat“. Wie spielt das mit rein in unsere Bildethik, unsere Ethik in der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, die Ethik unserer B
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erichterstattung. Die Grundlage für uns ist der Mensch als Ebenbild Gottes mit seiner unveräußerlichen Würde. Notleidende Menschen und Menschen in Krisensituation wollen wir daher immer auch als Subjekte ihres Handelns darstellen und nicht als Opfer. Ganz wichtig ist außerdem: Wir akzeptieren das Recht auf das eigene Bild. Es gibt bei uns auch keine gestellten Bilder, selbst wenn das möglicherweise auf Kosten der Bildauswahl geht, die hinterher zur Verfügung steht. Wenn zum Beispiel ein Journalistenteam in einem Armenviertel für uns ein Projekt, das von „Adveniat“ unterstützt wird, recherchiert und dazu Familien in diesem Viertel besucht, dann werden nur mit Einwilligung dieser Menschen Fotos gemacht. Wenn eine Familie sich also schämt für ihre ärmliche Hütte und nicht möchte, dass man drinnen Bilder macht, dann gibt es eben nur ein Bild vor der Hütte – und damit müssen wir auskommen. Es kommt durchaus vor, dass wir Bilder, die wir gerne gesehen hätten, nicht bekommen. Möglicherweise gibt es dann am Ende sogar mal kein Motiv, bei dem wir sagen, das ist richtig plakattauglich oder es muss lange darum gerungen werden, weil kein entsprechendes Bild verfügbar ist." (S439-440)
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"ESOMAR and WAPOR recognise there are particular issues in the collection and reporting of opinion poll and survey information and have therefore issued this Guideline as part of the self-regulatory framework that applies to international research. It highlights the responsibilities of researchers t
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o conduct opinion polls in a professional and ethical way, and report them with sufficient transparency so that the public can judge the quality of results. Both will help ensure public confidence in opinion polls and published surveys. This Guideline: sets out the ethical rules that opinion researchers must follow; underlines the rights and safeguards to which participants are entitled; highlights the key information to be made available to maintain transparency when results are published; specifies standards to guide the agreements to be in place with those who commission polls to ensure published survey results are presented in an unbiased way; highlights the core methodological principles that apply in the design and conduct of such research; underlines some of the additional issues that arise with specific forms of opinion polls." (Introduction, page 4)
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"This discussion paper studies several main sources to assess the health of ethical journalism in Pakistan today. It takes three main areas of conflict and examines the ethics of reporting in relation to them. They are faith based issues (the blasphemy charge against 14-year-old Rimsha Masih, a Yout
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ube video film which disrespected Islam and the persecution of the Hazara community in Balochistan); the coverage of conflict in the 2013 general election and the Pakistan media's coverage of Afghanistan." (Methodology, page 7)
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"Today, Mexican journalists see themselves as generational change agents. These journalists — many of whom are university graduates — stand in stark contrast to their corrupt, ill-equipped, trained-on-the-job predecessors who were fond of bribery and manipulation. Today‘s journalists define th
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emselves as professionals who strive to counter established power, seek to impart the truth without bias, and endeavour to overcome ordinary pressures and provide politically relevant and reliable information to their audiences. However, political structures, occupational culture, and individual values clearly influence the extent to which this cherished autonomy and committment to ethics can be practised. Therefore, it is not possible to speak about two separate generations — one unethical and the other ethical — but, instead, of one transitional generation where old and new elements blend." (Conclusion)
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"This study used an analytical framework and evaluative criteria for identifying the specific conditions and factors for establishing media self-regulatory arrangements that meet key stakeholder concerns and needs at both regional and national levels in the Pacific Islands. The study draws on pre-ex
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isting schemes to identify a best practice criteria benchmark to determine when media industry solutions are likely to be effective. This benchmark is designed to guide not restrict the analysis, with the results supplemented by additional factors, including consultation with media stakeholders and case studies of media regulatory systems in developing and developed countries." (Executive summary)
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"The research is based on a survey of 45 industry professionals from 15 countries [...] The principal finding is that there is a de facto global consensus on how media organizations understand the manipulation ofimages. Manipulation is seen as involving material changes to an image through the addit
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ion or subtraction of content, and is always deemed unacceptable for news and documentary pictures. Manipulation is therefore a specific form of processing, where the material change to the image through the addition or subtraction of element(s) is designed to deceive or mislead the reader/viewer. Adjustments (such as limited cropping, dodging and burning, toning, color adjustment, conversion to grayscale) to photographs are accepted. These are usually described in terms of“minor“changes being permitted while “excessive“ changes are prohibited." (Executive summary)
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