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Election Campaigns & Reporting

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Harmful narratives during elections: Smear campaigns, gender stereotypes and hate narratives. 2022 General Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Marija Arnautovic, Mladen Bubonjic, Belma Buljubasic et al.

Sarajevo: Mediacentar (2023), 265 pp.

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State-Sponsored Online Disinformation: Impact on Electoral Integrity in Thailand

Korbkusol Neelapaichit, Ekmongkhon Puridej (eds.)

Bangkog: Asia Centre (2023), vii, 42 pp.

"[This publication] outlines how organised disinformation campaigns or Information Operations have become the latest variable to impact the quality of elections in the kingdom [...] Drawn from past evidence, the report identifies four forms of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns that are likely ... more

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Digital Democracy: Decoding Social Media’s Role in Electoral Outcomes

Internews (2023), 29 pp.

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Regulating misleading political advertising on online platforms: An example of regulatory mercantilism in digital policy

Benjamin Farrand

Policy Studies, volume 45, issue 5 (2023), pp. 730–749

"Since its Joint Communication on Hybrid Threats, the EU has publicly recognized the risks to its security posed by non-traditional means aimed at undermining its legitimacy. The propagation of disinformation including misleading political advertising serves as a key example of how the Commission’ ... more

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Les élections en Afrique: Analyse des comportements et pistes normatives de gestion des conflits

Fweley Diangitukwa

Geneva: Globethics.net (2022), 426 pp.

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Élections législatives du 31 juillet 2022 au Sénégal : Monitoring des médias et des discours dangereux

Dakar: Gorée Institute (2022), 63 pp.

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Mitigating Election Violence Through Social Media Micro-Influencers: Baseline Report

Rongo University, Center for Media, Democracy, Peace and Security (CMDPS) (2022), 37 pp.

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Social Media Listening Analysis: Kenya

Uchaguzi Bila Balaa

Search for Common Ground (2022), 18 pp.

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Election Observation Mission São Tomé e Príncipe 2022: Final Report. Legislative, Local and Regional Elections

European Union (2022), 61 pp.

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Lebanon's 2022 Parliamentary Election: A Look into Political Parties' Online Behaviour Vis-à-vis Alternative Candidates

Ralph Baydoun, Yara Al Chehayed

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 132 pp.

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Liquid Disinformation Tactics: Overcoming Social Media Countermeasures through Misleading Content

Ricardo Ribeiro Ferreira

Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 8 (2022), pp. 1537-1558

"Social media have led to profound transformations in the media ecosystem and new communication dynamics. Such platforms have become a competitive source of information and played a decisive role in facilitating the dissemination of false or misleading content, with a particular impact on recent ele ... more

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Talking to Trolls—How Users Respond to a Coordinated Information Operation and Why They’re so Supportive

Darren L. Linvill, Patrick L. Warren, Amanda E. Moore

Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, volume 27, issue 1, zmab022 (2022), 19 pp.

"Through this research we gained insight into tactics employed by state-backed social media disinformation. With that goal, we explored user interactions with inauthentic Twitter accounts. We used multiple procedures to measure the ways in which users talked with and about the accounts employed by t ... more

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Youth and Disinformation in Malaysia: Strengthening Electoral Integrity

Korbkusol Neelapaichit, Ekmongkhon Puridej, Pemtat Chanhom (ed.)

Bangkog: Asia Centre (2022), vii, 44 pp.

"In 2022, internet penetration and social platform usage reached an all-time high – 43.4% of the total population who use the internet are youth aged between 15-24 years. Youth voters have explicitly become a major target of political parties and their campaign messages. We can expect social media ... more

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Brazil's Electoral Justice Permanent Program on Countering Disinformation: Strategic Plan Elections 2022

Aline Rezende Peres Osorio, Frederico Franco Alvim, Giselly Siqueira et al.

Brasilia: Brazil Superior Electoral Court;Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) (2022), 61 pp.

"The actions to be developed are distributed in three axes: (i) Inform, aimed at the dissemination of official, reliable and quality information; (ii) Empower, aimed at media literacy and training the whole of society to understand the phenomenon of disinformation and the functioning of the electora ... l process; and (iii) Respond, related to the identification of cases of disinformation and the adoption of strategies, both preventive and repressive, to contain its negative effects. For the 2022 electoral cycle, the first axis has five projects with their own purposes and goals. They are: (i) mass dissemination network of truthful and official information about elections and the Electoral Justice; (ii) chatbot – electoral queries on WhatsApp; (iii) access, dissemination and enhancement of the scope of fact checking on the electoral process; (iv) deepening electoral transparency; (v) development and improvement of other technological tools and digital channels to disseminate true and quality information. In this strategic point, the Court’s action is guided by the preferential position of freedom of expression, in the legal system, by encouraging plurality of information. Likewise, information actions meet the recommendations for “prophylactic” prebunking actions (that is, strategies to reduce citizens’ susceptibility to disinformation by exposing examples of how disinformation operates). The second axis, in turn, includes seven initiatives: (i) training for internal and external audiences on disinformation, on the integrity of Brazilian elections and on the fundamentality of the Electoral Justice as an institution that guarantees democracy; (ii) prevention of the mental health of members, agents and collaborators of the Electoral Justice who deal directly with actions to contain disinformation; (iii) training the internal and external public on the electoral process, including the functions performed by it in the context of the democratic rule of Law; (iv) awareness campaigns on disinformation and media and information education actions for the external public; (v) cooperation and actions to enhance reaching partners’ media and information literacy initiatives; (vi) dialog with political parties and party federations to make them aware of their responsibility in the context of fighting against disinformation; (vii) support to other public institutions to implement actions to confronting disinformation. Finally, the response axis encompasses eight projects: (i) permanent coalition for verification; (ii) engagement of digital platforms and their technological resources in confronting structured networks of disinformation and inauthentic behavior; (iii) reporting channel for mass shooting of content in partnership with WhatsApp; (iv) creating a network to monitor disinformation practices against the electoral process; (v) containment of disinformation on Telegram; (vi) partnership and dialog with the Federal Police and the Electoral Prosecutor Office; (vii) Strategic Cyberintelligence Committee and (viii) review and elaboration of norms that acts against the practice of disinformation in the Electoral Justice, as a way of preventing the phenomenon in question. Concerning to this point, the planning met the parameters of timely response, appreciation of fact checking, importance of engagement and transparency of platforms, as well as the expansion and improvement of channels for complaints." (Presentation, page 5-6) more

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A Democracia aceita os termos e condições? Eleições 2022 e a política com os algoritmos

Andrea Dip, Camila Rocha, Debora Pio et al.

Rio de Janeiro: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2022), 99 pp.

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Voto electrónico y consideraciones de política pública en América Latina

Valentín Díaz

Derechos Digitales (2022), 64 pp.

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Parallel Public Spheres: Influence Operations in the 2022 Philippine Elections

Jonathan Corpus Ong, Rossine Fallorina, Jose Mari Hall Lanuza et al.

Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy;Internews (2022), 52 pp.

"This report examines the characteristics and consequences of influence operations in the 2022 presidential election in the Philippines. The report makes three main claims: a) the term "influence operations" provides a broader frame to identify personalities, platforms, and practices that hack publi ... more

Information Controls and Internet Shutdowns in African Elections

Nicole Stremlau, Nathan Dobson

Journal of African Elections, volume 21, issue 2 (2022), pp. 1-22

"Internet shutdowns in Africa are becoming increasingly widespread, particularly when governments face competitive or contentious elections. They have also come to symbolise a widening fracture between competing conceptions of the global Internet and its regulation. Governments in Africa are justify ... more

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Comunales 2020 au Benin: Gestion d'une campagne électorale exclusivement mediatique. Livre blanc

Cotonou: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 96 pp.

"Le présent livre blanc passe au peigne fin le parcours trépidant de la HAAC pendant cette campagne inédite au Bénin et dans le monde. Il retrace et analyse les activités menées par la HAAC dans le cadre des communales de 2020, en pointant singulièrement la période de campagne électorale qu ... more

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Deploying the Common Social Accountability Platform to Support Rift Valley Institute (RVI)’s Somali Dialogue Platform in Promoting Public Dialogue on Elections and Amplifying Citizen’s Voices in Political Processes

Nairobi: Africa’s Voices Foundation (2022), vii, 45 pp.

"Africa's Voices Foundation in partnership with Rift Valley institute (RVI)'s Somali Dialogue Platform implemented a 3-month project between February 8th - May 7th 2022. The project promoted public dialogue around elections so as to understand citizens' perspectives on Somalia's national elections. ... more