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Policy Brief: Ensuring Ethical AI Practices to Counter Disinformation

Federica Urzo, Elisabetta Panico, Salvatore Custureri

MediaFutures;Luiss Data Lab (2023), 15 pp.

"In particular we recommend to strengthen collaboration (platforms should adopt a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders, including governments, civil society organisations, and fact-checkers, to counter the spread and impact of disinformation. This can include sharing information, be ... st practices, and resources to develop effective strategies); enhance transparency (platforms should prioritise transparency by providing clear and comprehensive information on their policies, algorithms, and content moderation processes. Users should have a better understanding of how their data is used, and how algorithms work to prevent the amplification of false and misleading narratives); implement effective content moderation (platforms need to allocate sufficient resources to effectively monitor and moderate harmful content. This includes investing in advanced AI systems and human moderation teams to detect and remove disinformation in a timely manner. Transparent and consistent guidelines should be in place to ensure fairness and accountability in content moderation decisions); promote fact-based information (platforms should prioritise the promotion of fact-based information from reliable sources. This can be done by partnering with credible news organizations and fact-checkers to provide accurate information and combat false narratives. Advertising promoting climate change denial or other forms of misinformation should be prevented); improve the access to data for researchers (platforms should make efforts to provide access to data for independent researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of their policies and initiatives in countering disinformation. This will enable better analysis and understanding of the impact of disinformation and the effectiveness of countermeasures); comply with regulatory frameworks (platforms should fully comply with regulatory frameworks, such as the Digital Services Act (DSA) or other relevant International, EU and National laws and regulations, that provide for obligations on addressing disinformation and mitigating associated risks, the Code of Practice on Disinformation that aims to commit signatories to a range of actions to counter disinformation. These actions include providing transparency reports on political advertising, restricting advertising placements on disinformation websites, disrupting advertising revenue for purveyors of disinformation, and enabling user feedback and fact-checking mechanisms. In this framework, compliance should not be limited to large platforms but extended, with adjustments, to smaller platforms to ensure a comprehensive approach)." (Recommendations, page 6) more

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Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions
Top Insights

Jon Roozenbeek, Eileen Culloty, Jane Suiter

European Psychologist, volume 28, issue 3 (2023), pp. 189-205

"This paper provides researchers and policymakers with an overview of which individual-level interventions are likely to influence the spread of, susceptibility to, or impact of misinformation. We review the evidence for the effectiveness of four categories of interventions: boosting (psychological ... more

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Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review
Top Insights

Zurich: International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) (2023), 40 pp.

"This Synthesis Report provides a formal systematic review of scientific literature on countermeasures for mitigating digital misinformation. 588 peer-reviewed global publications from many disciplines were the focus of this study in order to highlight the most effective countermeasures for mitigati ... more

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Platform Responses to Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis of Data
Top Insights

Zurich: International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) (2023), 70 pp.

"This Synthesis Report examines the effectiveness of countermeasures against misinformation on social media platforms, focusing on the two most examined remedies: content labeling and corrective information interventions. A meta-analysis is a research process for synthesizing and aggregating the fin ... more

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Conspiracy theories in the time of COVID-19

Clare Birchall, Peter Knight

London; New York: Routledge (2023), x, 237 pp.

"Conspiracy Theories in the Time of Covid-19 provides a wide-ranging analysis of the emergence and development of conspiracy theories during the Covid-19 pandemic, with a focus on the US and the UK. The book combines digital methods analysis of large datasets assembled from social media with politic ... more

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Moderación de contenidos en línea y construcción de paz en el posconflicto: Una revisión al marco normativo de Colombia

Juan Sebastián Salamanca Calle et al.

Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2023), 86 pp.

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Misinformation on Misinformation: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges

Sacha Altay, Manon Berriche, Acerbi Alberto

Social Media + Society, volume 9, issue 1 (2023), 13 pp.

"Alarmist narratives about online misinformation continue to gain traction despite evidence that its prevalence and impact are overstated. Drawing on research examining the use of big data in social science and reception studies, we identify six misconceptions about misinformation and highlight the ... more

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Combate à desinformação sobre a Amazônia legal e seus defensores

Viviane Tavares (coord.)

São Paulo: Intervozes (2023), 59 pp.

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Fabricating a war? Russian (dis)information on Ukraine

Elisabeth Johansson-Nogués, Elena Simanschi

International Affairs, volume 99, issue 5 (2023), pp. 2015-2036

"Propaganda has been an age-old part of warmongering. It is thus no surprise that the Russian invasion of Ukraine was preceded by, and continues to be fuelled by, propaganda transmitted by state-controlled Russian media. What is more unusual about the Russian (dis)information campaigns is the sheer ... more

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Shielding Democracy: Civil Society Adaptations to Kremlin Disinformation About Ukraine

Adam Fivensen, Galyna Petrenko, Veronika Víchová, Andrej Polešcuk

Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2023), 30 pp.

"This report highlights adaptations and innovations by Ukrainians in their struggle against Moscow’s disinformation machine. As part of the project, the International Forum on Democratic Studies conducted more than fifty expert interviews and hosted a series of convenings with experts from Ukraine ... more

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Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech
Quick Overview

Paris: UNESCO;Ipsos (2023), 35 slides

"On average in the 16 countries surveyed, 56% of internet users frequently use social media to stay informed about current events, far ahead of television (44%). However, it is worth noting that differences exist among population groups: television is the primary source in the most developed countri ... more

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Exploring Disinformation in Fragile States: Iraq as a Case Study of Influence of International Political Actors

Rawand Faeq

Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2023), 18 pp.

"This paper examines the influence of international political actors in perpetuating disinformation in fragile states, using Iraq as a case study. The advent of modern technology and social media has transformed the global information landscape, providing new avenues for the dissemination of disinfo ... more

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Central Asian Media Consumption and Disinformation: A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment in the Context of Geo-Politics

Samuel Doveri Vesterbye, Shairbek Dzhuraev, Andreas Marazis

Internews;European Neighbourhood Council (ENC) (2023), 62 pp.

"This report presents a rapid media consumption assessment in Central Asia. It tells the reader what information - and disinformation - Central Asians consume, as well as the reasons why they consume it. How do recent international and regional geo-political events impact their media choices and wha ... more

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Information Integrity to Sustain Peace during Electoral Processes. Sustaining Peace during Electoral Processes (SELECT) Project

New York: UNDP (2023), 48 pp.

"The purpose of this report is to gain a better understanding of the pertinent dynamics and to bolster the design of programming to support the information ecosystem around elections. In aid of this, UNDP sought information through a number of channels, in a review of the relevant literature, a seri ... more

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Deepfakes – When We Can No Longer Believe Our Eyes and Ears. Media Manipulation in Conflict: Challenges and Responses

Aldo Kleemann

Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) (2023), 6 pp.

"Deception and media manipulation have always been an integral part of wartime propaganda. But never before has it been so easy to create high-quality fabrications of images as well as sound and video recordings. The tendency to react emotionally to these media opens up a whole new possibility for a ... more

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Blurring the Truth: Disinformation in Southeast Europe
Quick Overview

Christopher Nehring, Patrick Gensing, Gordan Akrap (eds.)

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2023), iii, 281 pp.

"This is neither the first nor the last study of disinformation. Yet it differs significantly from others in many regards. Firstly, it is the first and only study summarizing the state of disinformation in Southeast Europe. While regional studies abound, none so far has looked at all countries of th ... more

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Recherchiere richtig: Gib Fake News keine Chance. Uniterrichtskonzept

Steen Frederik, Marc Albrecht-Hermanns

Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (2023), 88 pp.

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Ciências da Comunicação contra a Desinformação

Nair Prata, Hendryo André, Silvio Simão de Matos (eds.)

São Paulo: Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação (2023), 271 pp.

"Fruto do Ciclo de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação, atividade integrante do 45° Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação, a obra reúne pontos de vista convergentes, complementares e antagônicos sobre o tema desinformação. Além de uma versão textual da conferência de abe ... more

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Online Gendered Disinformation and Sexist Hate Speech

Malin Palm, Nynne Storm Refsing

International Media Support (IMS) (2023), 6 pp.

"This learning brief focuses on the issues of online gendered disinformation and sexist hate speech against women, girls and non-binary people who work or appear in the media and what media development organisations can do to address them." (Page 1)

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Anti-Rumour. Verschwörungserzählungen, Fake News und wie man sie erkennt. Der-Anti-Rumour Leitfaden

Stiftung Digitale Chancen;Challedu;Citizens in Power (2023), 62 pp.

Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions Top Insights

Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review Top Insights

Platform Responses to Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis of Data Top Insights

Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech Quick Overview

Blurring the Truth: Disinformation in Southeast Europe Quick Overview

Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions
Top Insights

Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review
Top Insights

Platform Responses to Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis of Data
Top Insights

Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech
Quick Overview

Blurring the Truth: Disinformation in Southeast Europe
Quick Overview