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Dissemination of disinformation on political and electoral processes in Nigeria: An exploratory study

Idayat Hassan

Cogent Arts & Humanities, volume 10, issue 2216983 (2023), 11 pp.

"Increasingly, social media has become a major source of fake news, with disinformation used as a tool in manipulating public opinion and delegitimizing opposing voices. This study explores the influence of the content of social media on traditional media, and the proliferation of disinformation in ... more

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Truth with a Z: Disinformation, war in Ukraine, and Russia’s contradictory discourse of imperial identity

Vera Tolz, Stephen Hutchings

Post-Soviet Affairs, volume 39, issue 5 (2023), pp. 347-365

"This article offers a qualitative analysis of how, by adopting identity-related discourses whose meanings resonate within a given culture, Russian state propaganda strives to bolster “the truth status” of its Ukraine war claims. These discourses, we argue, have long historical lineages and thus ... more

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Preserving trust in democracy: The Brazilian Superior Electoral Court's quest to tackle disinformation in elections

Rafael Rubio, Vitor de Andrade Monteiro

South African Journal of International Affairs, volume 30, issue 3 (2023), pp. 497-520

"Trust is the foundation on which democracy is built. Not coincidentally, it is the main victim of attacks by disinformation merchants bent on undermining the electoral process and the democratic environment. This article outlines the efforts of the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (TSE) to tackle ... more

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Disinformation as a context-bound phenomenon: Toward a conceptual clarification integrating actors, intentions and techniques of creation and dissemination

Michael Hameleers

Communication Theory, volume 33, issue 1 (2023), pp. 1-10

"Although disinformation has become a popular concept, we lack an integrative conceptualization that connects the actors, intentions and techniques underlying deceptive information. In this article, we conceptualize disinformation as a context-bound deliberate act for which actors covertly deceive r ... more

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The Spot the Troll Quiz game increases accuracy in discerning between real and inauthentic social media accounts

Jeffrey Lees, John A. Banas, Darren Linvill, Patrick C. Meirick, Patrick Warren

PNAS Nexus, volume 2, issue 4 (2023), pp. 1-11

"The proliferation of political mis/disinformation on social media has led many scholars to embrace “inoculation” techniques, where individuals are trained to identify the signs of low-veracity information prior to exposure. Coordinated information operations frequently spread mis/disinformation ... more

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A scoping review of digital health interventions for combating COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation

Katarzyna Czerniak, Raji Pillai, Abhi Parmar, Abhi, Kavita Ramnath, Joseph Krocker, Sahiti Myneni

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, volume 30, issue 4 (2023), pp. 752-760

"We provide a scoping review of Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) that mitigate COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation seeding and spread. Materials and Methods: We applied our search protocol to PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science to screen 1666 articles. The 17 articles included in this pa ... more

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Narrative über den Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine (NUK)

Jakob Guhl, Julia Smirnova

Bonn; Berlin: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb);Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2023), 30 pp.

"Zwischen dem 19.09.2022 und 18.09.2023 wurde das Projekt „Narrative über den Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine“ (NUK, im Folgenden NUK) vom Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD Germany) im Auftrag der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung/bpb umgesetzt. Ziel des Projekts war es, Desinformati ... more

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Clones and zombies: Rethinking conspiracy theories and the digital public sphere through a (post)-colonial perspective

Iginio Gagliardone, Matti Pohjonen, Samuel Olaniram Stephanie Diepeveen

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 12 (2023), pp. 2419-2438

"This article investigates what is at stake in decolonising the study of conspiracy theories online. It challenges the confidence with which conspiracy theories are often dismissed as aberrations and negative externalities of digital ecosystems. Without reifying conspiracy theories, we identify as p ... more

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What do we study when we study misinformation? A scoping review of experimental research (2016-2022)

Gillian Murphy, Constance de Saint Laurent, Megan Reynolds, Omar Aftab, Karen Hegarty, Yuning Sun, Ciara M. Greene

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 4, issue 6 (2023), 57 pp.

"We reviewed 555 papers published from 2016–2022 that presented misinformation to participants. We identified several trends in the literature—increasing frequency of misinformation studies over time, a wide variety of topics covered, and a significant focus on COVID-19 misinformation since 2020 ... more

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Towards a model that measures the impact of disinformation on elections

Jonáš Syrovátka, Nikola Horejš, Sarah Komasová

European View, volume 22, issue 1 (2023), pp. 119-130

"Disinformation represents a danger to the integrity and legitimacy of the electoral process. From our research based on the 2021 Czech parliamentary elections, we introduce a model for measuring the resilience of citizens to disinformation. This model is then used to draw conclusions about the impa ... more

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The Far-Right Smokescreen: Environmental Conspiracy and Culture Wars on Brazilian YouTube

Débora Salles, Priscila Muniz de Medeiros, Rose Marie Santini, Carlos Eduardo Barros

Social Media + Society, volume 9, issue 3 (2023), 22 pp.

"Holding the greatest area of rainforest in the world, Brazil has seen the adoption of a far-right anti-environmental agenda under the administration of Jair Bolsonaro. This agenda was backed by a transnational infrastructure of right-wing media outlets on online platforms, including the conservativ ... more

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Falling for Russian Propaganda: Understanding the Factors that Contribute to Belief in Pro-Kremlin Disinformation on Social Media

Felipe Bonow Soares, Anatoliy Gruzd, Philip Mai

Social Media + Society, volume 9, issue 4 (2023), 10 pp.

"As Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, social media was rife with pro-Kremlin disinformation. To effectively tackle the issue of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns, this study examines the underlying reasons why some individuals are susceptible to false claims ... more

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How Disinformation on WhatsApp Went From Campaign Weapon to Governmental Propaganda in Brazil

Joao V. S. Ozawa, Samuel C. Woolley, Joseph Straubhaar, Martin J. Riedl, Katie Joseff, Jacob Gursky

Social Media + Society, volume 9, issue 1 (2023), 11 pp.

"The popular encrypted messaging and chat app WhatsApp played a key role in the election of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. The present study builds on this knowledge and showcases how the app continued to be used in a governmental operation spreading false and misleading information pop ... more

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Addressing Gendered Disinformation: Review of Current Recommendations and the Case for Broadening Responses
Key Guidance

Katya Vogt, Elayne Deelen, Jocelyn Young

IREX (2023), 27 pp.

"This report summarizes and groups the most common recommendations to address gendered disinformation and analyzes gaps between the evidence base and the recommendations made to date. This review is aimed toward those who seek to develop solutions to gendered disinformation in its different forms, a ... more

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Monetizing Misogyny: Gendered Disinformation and the Undermining of Women’s Rights and Democracy Globally

Lucina Di Meco

#ShePersisted (2023), 34 pp.

"This research aims to understand the patterns, impact and modus operandi of gendered disinformation campaigns against women in politics in Brazil, Hungary, India, Italy and Tunisia. The case studies explore how gendered disinformation has been used by political movements, and at times the governmen ... more

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Gender-Based Disinformation: A Scoping Review of the Literature, 2013-2023

Juliana Alcantara, Juliana Valentim

ex aequo, issue 48 (2023), pp. 125-145

"This article examines gender-based disinformation, highlighting findings and research gaps. A PRISMA review method was used, reviewing 143 articles from 2013 to early 2023. Only 14 studies directly assessed gender dimensions in disinformation. Outcomes show that Twitter is the most studied platform ... more

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How Public Service Media Disinformation Shapes Hungarian Public Discourse

Ágnes Urbán, Gábor Polyák, Kata Horváth

Media and Communication, volume 11, issue 4 (2023), pp. 62-72

"The Russian war against Ukraine illustrates how the disinformation ecosystem works in Hungary, and it also reveals its devastating impact on democratic public discourse. Public service media play a prominent role in spreading disinformation. We were able to identify several false narratives in the ... more

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Policy Brief: Ensuring Ethical AI Practices to Counter Disinformation

Federica Urzo, Elisabetta Panico, Salvatore Custureri

MediaFutures;Luiss Data Lab (2023), 15 pp.

"In particular we recommend to strengthen collaboration (platforms should adopt a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders, including governments, civil society organisations, and fact-checkers, to counter the spread and impact of disinformation. This can include sharing information, be ... st practices, and resources to develop effective strategies); enhance transparency (platforms should prioritise transparency by providing clear and comprehensive information on their policies, algorithms, and content moderation processes. Users should have a better understanding of how their data is used, and how algorithms work to prevent the amplification of false and misleading narratives); implement effective content moderation (platforms need to allocate sufficient resources to effectively monitor and moderate harmful content. This includes investing in advanced AI systems and human moderation teams to detect and remove disinformation in a timely manner. Transparent and consistent guidelines should be in place to ensure fairness and accountability in content moderation decisions); promote fact-based information (platforms should prioritise the promotion of fact-based information from reliable sources. This can be done by partnering with credible news organizations and fact-checkers to provide accurate information and combat false narratives. Advertising promoting climate change denial or other forms of misinformation should be prevented); improve the access to data for researchers (platforms should make efforts to provide access to data for independent researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of their policies and initiatives in countering disinformation. This will enable better analysis and understanding of the impact of disinformation and the effectiveness of countermeasures); comply with regulatory frameworks (platforms should fully comply with regulatory frameworks, such as the Digital Services Act (DSA) or other relevant International, EU and National laws and regulations, that provide for obligations on addressing disinformation and mitigating associated risks, the Code of Practice on Disinformation that aims to commit signatories to a range of actions to counter disinformation. These actions include providing transparency reports on political advertising, restricting advertising placements on disinformation websites, disrupting advertising revenue for purveyors of disinformation, and enabling user feedback and fact-checking mechanisms. In this framework, compliance should not be limited to large platforms but extended, with adjustments, to smaller platforms to ensure a comprehensive approach)." (Recommendations, page 6) more

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Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions
Top Insights

Jon Roozenbeek, Eileen Culloty, Jane Suiter

European Psychologist, volume 28, issue 3 (2023), pp. 189-205

"This paper provides researchers and policymakers with an overview of which individual-level interventions are likely to influence the spread of, susceptibility to, or impact of misinformation. We review the evidence for the effectiveness of four categories of interventions: boosting (psychological ... more

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Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review
Top Insights

Zurich: International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) (2023), 40 pp.

"This Synthesis Report provides a formal systematic review of scientific literature on countermeasures for mitigating digital misinformation. 588 peer-reviewed global publications from many disciplines were the focus of this study in order to highlight the most effective countermeasures for mitigati ... more

Addressing Gendered Disinformation: Review of Current Recommendations and the Case for Broadening Responses Key Guidance

Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions Top Insights

Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review Top Insights

Addressing Gendered Disinformation: Review of Current Recommendations and the Case for Broadening Responses
Key Guidance

Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions
Top Insights

Countermeasures for Mitigating Digital Misinformation: A Systematic Review
Top Insights