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Verschwörungserzählungen

Pia Lamberty

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2020), 16 pp.

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A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India

Andrew M. Guessa, Michael Lernerb, Benjamin Lyonsd, Jacob M. Montgomerye, Brendan Nyhanf, Jason Reiflerg, Neelanjan Sircarh

PNAS, volume 117, issue 27 (2020), 10 pp.

"Using data from preregistered survey experiments conducted around recent elections in the United States and India, we assess the effectiveness of an intervention modeled closely on the world’s largest media literacy campaign, which provided “tips” on how to spot false news to people in 14 cou ... more

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Countering Fake News: A Comparison of Possible Solutions Regarding User Acceptance and Effectiveness

Jan Kirchner, Christian Reuter

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, issue CSCW2, Article 140 (2020), 27 pp.

"This work takes a user-centered approach on means to counter identified mis- and disinformation in social media. We conduct a three-step study design on how approaches in social media should be presented to respect the users’ needs and experiences and how effective they are. As our first step, in ... more

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Under the Surface: Covid-19 Vaccine Narratives, Misinformation and Data Deficits on Social Media

Rory Smith, Seb Cubbon, Claire Wardle

First Draft (2020), 95 pp.

"This research demonstrates the complexity of the vaccine information ecosystem, where a cacophony of voices and narratives have coalesced to create an environment of extreme uncertainty. Two topics are driving a large proportion of the current global vaccine discourse, especially around a Covid-19 ... more

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Pillars of Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem

Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State (2020), 76 pp.

"Russia has operationalized the concept of perpetual adversarial competition in the information environment by encouraging the development of a disinformation and propaganda ecosystem that allows for varied and overlapping approaches that reinforce each other even when individual messages within the ... system appear contradictory. This ecosystem reflects both the sources of disinformation and propaganda—official government statements, state-funded media outlets, proxy websites, bots, false social media personas, cyber-enabled disinformation operations, etc.—and the different tactics that these channels use. Russia’s willingness to employ this approach provides it with three perceived advantages. First, it allows for the introduction of numerous variations of the same false narratives. This allows for the different pillars of the ecosystem to fine tune their disinformation narratives to suit different target audiences because there is no need for consistency, as there would be with attributed government communications. Second, it provides plausible deniability for Kremlin officials when proxy sites peddle blatant and dangerous disinformation, allowing them to deflect criticism while still introducing pernicious information. Third, it creates a media multiplier effect among the different pillars of the ecosystem that boost their reach and resonance. The media multiplier effect can, at times, create disinformation storms with potentially dangerous effects for those Russia perceives as adversaries at the international, national, and local level. In the past, Russia has leveraged this dynamic to shield itself from criticism for its involvement in malign activity. This approach also allows Russia to be opportunistic, such as with COVID-19, where it has used the global pandemic as a hook to push longstanding disinformation and propaganda narratives [...] This report provides a visual representation of the ecosystem described above, as well as an example of the media multiplier effect it enables. This serves to demonstrate how the different pillars of the ecosystem play distinct roles and feed off of and bolster each other. The report also includes brief profiles of select proxy sites and organizations that occupy an intermediate role between the pillars of the ecosystem with clear links to Russia and those that are meant to be fully deniable." (Pages 5-7) more

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Acciones ciudadanas para verificar información

Maria Ugenia Morales, Carmen Inojosa, Erik Mayora, Joselis Gonzales

Caracas: Espacio Público (2020), 29 pp.

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Images and Misinformation in Political Groups: Evidence from WhatsApp in India

Kiran Garimella, Dean Eckles

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 5 (2020), 12 pp.

"WhatsApp is a key medium for the spread of news and rumors, often shared as images. We study a large collection of politically-oriented WhatsApp groups in India, focusing on the period leading up to the 2019 Indian national elections. By labeling samples of random and popular images, we find that a ... more

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Cómo combatir la desinformación: Estrategias de empoderamiento de la ciudadanía digital

Nicole Harper, Debora Albu, Janaina Costa, Thayane Guimarães

Barcelona: Digital Future Society (2020), 67 pp.

"Partiendo de la premisa de que se puede y se debe empoderar a la ciudadanía si se mejora la producción, el consumo y la circulación de la información, este informe analiza en profundidad dos cuestiones: ¿Qué instrumentos, iniciativas y políticas actuales ayudan a la ciudadanía a formarse un ... more

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Google Scholar (14)

WorldCat (16)

WhatsApp Audios and the Remediation of Radio: Disinformation in Brazilian 2018 Presidential Election

Marcelo Kischinhevsky, Itala Maduell Vieira, João Guilherme Bastos dos Santos, Viktor Chagas, Miguel de Andrade Freitas, Alessandra Aldé

Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, volume 18, issue 2 (2020), pp. 139-158

"This article brings the results of an investigation into the role of WhatsApp audio messages in the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections, proposing that instant voice messaging borrows elements from radio language. We started from a broader research, conducted by the Brazilian National Institute o ... more

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Countering Online Misinformation Resource Pack

Viviane Bianco et al.

UNICEF Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia (2020), 26 pp.

"The pack provides easy access to various types of resources (tools, reports, toolkits, journal articles, etc.) that can support the development of tactics and plans to counter misinformation. The pack also provides a summary of what the research indicates as potential solutions to tackle misinforma ... more

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From Novelty to Normalization? How Journalists Use the Term “Fake News” in their Reporting

Jana Laura Egelhofer, Loes Aaldering, Jakob-Moritz Eberl, Sebastian Galyga, Sophie Lecheler

Journalism Studies, volume 21, issue 10 (2020), pp. 1323-1343

"During recent years, worries about fake news have been a salient aspect of mediated debates. However, the ubiquitous and fuzzy usage of the term in news reporting has led more and more scholars and other public actors to call for its abandonment in public discourse altogether. Given this status as ... more

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Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity
Key Guidance

Daniel Arnaudo, Bret Barrowman, Julia Brothers, Lisa Reppell, Victoria Scott, Amy Studdart, Kip Wainscott, Vera Zakem

Consortium for Elections and Political Process Strengthening (CEPPS); USAID (2020), [345 pp.]

"This resource combines the collective wisdom of organizations on the front lines of combatting disinformation globally. This living project provides an outline of what’s being done to address the challenge in key areas and provides a searchable database of the organizations around the world engag ... more

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Fake News, the Media & COVID-19 in West Africa

East Legon: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2020), 11 pp.

"This report briefly examines the phenomenon of fake news in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Anglophone West Africa. It specifically addresses the following areas: fake news trends; how the phenomenon has impacted the work of the media and the fight against the pandemic; measures taken so fa ... more

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Cross-Platform Disinformation Campaigns: Lessons Learned and Next Steps

Tom Wilson, Kate Starbird

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 1 (2020), 11 pp.

"This paper examines online discourse about the White Helmets, a volunteer rescue group that operates in rebel (anti-regime) areas of Syria. The White Helmet’s humanitarian activities, their efforts to document the targeting of civilians through video evidence, and their non-sectarian nature (that ... more

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Notions of Disinformation and Related Concepts (ERGA Report)

European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA) (2020), 93 pp.

"1) Any definition of disinformation in legislation or other regulation, such as regulatory guidance, must take into account the serious implications for freedom of expression and media freedom. Particularly to the extent that provisions on disinformation have been adopted in criminal law, a precise ... more

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Working Group on Infodemics: Policy Framework
Key Guidance

Maria Ressa, Marietje Schaake, Delphine Halgand-Mishra, Iris de Villars, Jenny Domino, Dan She et al.

Forum on Information & Democracy (2020), 127 pp.

"The Forum on Information & Democracy proposes a number of policy steps to democratic governments and their supporters. Transparency and accountability need to be shored up and content moderation should be done according to democratic mandates and oversight. The impact of new platforms where disinfo ... more

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Lügen, Hass und Desinformation: Lateinamerika in postfaktischen Zeiten

Perspectivas , issue 6 (2020), 36 pp.

"In Lateinamerika haben Politiker wie Bolsonaro in Brasilien oder Bukele in El Salvador die Präsidentschaftswahlen nicht zuletzt durch ihre Abgrenzung vom politischen Establishment gewonnen, ungeachtet dessen, dass auch sie schon lange zu diesem von ihnen so diskreditierten Politikbetrieb gehören. ... more

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Double-Edged Sword? Ghanaians See Pros, Cons of Social Media, Want Access But Not Fake News

Josephine Appiah-Nyamekye Sanny, Edem Selormey

Afrobarometer (2020), 12 pp.

"The Afrobarometer survey conducted in late 2019 shows that although radio and television remain the most dominant news sources, daily news consumption via social media (by 22% of Ghanaians) and the Internet (19%) is steadily increasing. Social media is less trusted as a source of information – on ... more

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Tackling Disinformation and Infodemics Demands Media Policy Changes

Anja Bechmann

Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 6 (2020), pp. 855-863

"Disinformation and infodemics have been central for the media policy agenda in most countries and in particular in Europe. Yet, the European Commission has had a soft law approach centralizing obligations to handling information disorder on a content level. This commentary argues that by focusing p ... more

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The 101 of Disinformation Detection

Carl Miller, Chloe Colliver

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2020), 21 pp.

"Disinformation tactics and the responses in place to try to mitigate them online are changing rapidly. Organisations witnessing or targeted by disinformation therefore require a baseline understanding of the threats posed by disinformation and how to spot them while conducting their work. This tool ... more

Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity Key Guidance

Working Group on Infodemics: Policy Framework Key Guidance

Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity
Key Guidance

Working Group on Infodemics: Policy Framework
Key Guidance