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Disinformation studies: Perspectives from an emerging field

João Carlos Correia, Pedro Jerónimo, Inês Amaral (eds.)

Covilhã: Universidade da Beira Interior;LabCom (2022), 299 pp.

"It all started at the ECREA 2021 Post Conference “Disinformation Studies: Perspectives to An Emerging Research Field”, which took place online, on September 10, 2021. The debate there quickly widened and was joined by other colleagues. The book that we bring you here is the result of part of th ... more

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Digital Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Deception, Disinformation and Social Media

Marc Owen Jones

London: Hurst & Company (2022), 303 pp.

"By the time readers arrive at the end of Jones’s astonishing examination of social media in the Middle East, they will be completely persuaded that it is now impossible to tell whether anything they read online is true. Replete with bots and sock puppets, trolls and dupes, this online world is bo ... more

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China's Messaging on the Ukraine Conflict

Ingram Niblock, Samantha Hoffman, Matthew Knight

Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre (2022), 25 pp.

"In posts by Chinese diplomats, the US, NATO and the West were almost exclusively blamed or criticised for Russia’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine. Russia was not specifically blamed. The most common posts shared news relating to the conflict (including readouts of Xi Jinping’s calls with world ... more

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Combating Disinformation in the Arab World. Case Study: The COVID-19 Pandemic

Noha Atef

Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism (ARIJ);Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2021), 43 pp.

"In this paper, ARIJ proposes the following recommendations which target the greater media community. This includes media institutions concerned with the press, unions, press unions and donors who support this venture. We maintain that disinformation is a product of a social and political environmen ... more

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The Digital Enquirer Kit

Tactical Tech (2021)

"The Digital Enquirer Kit is an e-learning course that guides learners through lessons on how to prevent the spread of misinformation, available on the free platform atingi.org. The course covers topics including media literacy, verification, and how to navigate the internet safely. The first four m ... more

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Disinformation Toolkit 2.0: How Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations Can Combat Harmful Mis- and Disinformation
Key Guidance

Adam Fivenson

InterAction (2021), 49 pp.

"This report includes framing context to strategically understand and respond to disinformation in the aid sector (part 1), followed by three separate but linked sets of analyses, recommendations, and tools (parts 2, 3, and 4) spanning core perspectives relevant to InterAction Member organizations. ... more

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Does the Platform Matter? Social Media and COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs in 17 Countries

Yanis Theocharis, Ana Cardenal, Soyeon Jin, Toril Aalberg, David Nicolas Hopmann et al.

New Media & Society, volume 25, issue 12 (2021), pp. 3412-3437

"While the role of social media in the spread of conspiracy theories has received much attention, a key deficit in previous research is the lack of distinction between different types of platforms. This study places the role of social media affordances in facilitating the spread of conspiracy belief ... more

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How to Counter Disinformation: 10 Strategic Demands

Ann Cathrin Riedel

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2021), 8 pp.

"1 Words matter: Use the correct terms 2 Images and emotions: Understanding the entire range of disinformation 3 Creating structures for the digital education of every age group 4 Securing the freedom of expression: Smart regulation against overblocking 5 A modern constitutional state 6 Focus on tec ... more

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Social Media and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Dilemma of Fake News Clutter Vs. Social Responsibility

Moez Ben Messaoud

Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, volume 14, issue 1 (2021), pp. 25-45

"This article examines the relationship between fake news and social media as increasingly important sources of news, at a time when mainstream media no longer have exclusive control over news production and dissemination. It has been evident that few media outlets and professionals tend to draw con ... flicting news about COVID-19 from social media feeds, which are largely produced by common citizens with mostly no journalism training. This pervasive use makes social media key sources to scores of media outlets for news, whether it is related to COVID-19 or public affairs issues, even though it is susceptible to torrents of credibility and accuracy issues. As a result, of the overwhelming spread of fake news on coronavirus, which is contributing to framing events from several angles, media professionals are now obliged to track and vet information circulating on social media. Due to the scale of disinformation spreading on the Web, it has become imperative that the credibility and accuracy of news is thoroughly verified. Media organizations have already been putting in place various mechanisms to monitor false news. This article will attempt to identify and assess these monitoring efforts in the Arab world. For this purpose, I have put together a list of Arab observatories launched on the internet in order to monitor fake news circulating in relation to COVID-19, and to discuss their methods of monitoring work, in the context of mobilization carried out by governments and many organizations such as the World Health Organization. This article is pinned down on social responsibility approach which helps pave the way the differentpropositions to combat fake news and avoid abuses in social media uses. This article proposes an evaluation of the monitoring initiative viaa- vis fake news and proposes a set of guidelines for improving the work of such monitoring bodies. Hence, this research reveals that social media outlets have diversified their goals to match the power of the conventional media in disseminating information and bringing up issues for debate. However, in the light of the framework of social responsibility, social media actors have to constantly develop a set of ethical practices to be observed by users, establish codes of conduct regulating content production, and lay down a code of integrity to assure accuracy in news and information transmission." (Abstract). more

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How freelance journalists can battle mis- and disinformation in news

Freelance Journalism Assembly;European Journalism Centre (2021), 4 pp.

"As a freelance journalist, you will often work independently or outside of a newsroom. Sharpening your fact-checking and verification skills is vital to protect both you and your stories from mis- and disinformation. Knowing the networks and resources you can turn to for help means you’re not alo ... more

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USAID-BRAC Bangladesh Digital Ecosystem Activity: After Action Review Report

Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC);Light Castle Partners (2021), 50 pp.

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Information Saves Lives: Tackling Rumors, Myths and Misinformation in the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Arcata, Calif.; Washington, DC: Internews;USAID (2021), 24 pp.

"In the Eastern DRC where the 10th Ebola epidemic was coming to an end, the advent of COVID-19 raised additional concern of dealing with two major health emergencies at the same time with implications for effective audience engagement, and compliance to public health measures. These concerns came ag ... more

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El periodismo ante la desinformación

Andrés Martínez Zalamea, Daniel Marquínez Fernández, Karen De la Hoz Rodríguez

Cartagena: Fundación Gabo (2021), 66 pp.

"Este libro digital descargable de la Fundación Gabo es una macro-relatoría, un esfuerzo por sintetizar y difundir el conocimiento emanado de una serie de actividades -talleres, clases magistrales, charlas- que llevamos a cabo en el marco del Festival Gabo 2020, el cual tuvo como uno de sus temas ... more

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National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Turkey

Sinem Aydinli

Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 14 pp.

"The current legislation should include a direct expression of hate speech and expand the scope of hate speech in terms of person and subject as much as possible. The anti-discrimination state bodies should focus on protecting the human rights of the most vulnerable groups, broadening legal protecti ... more

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Strengthening Public Trust in the Media as a Response to Disinformation and Propaganda

Milica Bogdanovic

Podgorica: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 27 pp.

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What Does Fake Look Like? A Review of the Literature on Intentional Deception in the News and on Social Media

Alyt Damstra, Hajo G. Boomgaarden, Elena Broda et al.

Journalism Studies, volume 22, issue 14 (2021), pp. 1947-1963

"This paper focuses on the content features of intentional deceptive information in the news (i.e., fake news) and on social media. Based on an extensive review of relevant literature (i.e., political journalism and communication, computational linguistics), we take stock of existing knowledge and p ... more

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Courage Against Hate

Facebook (2021), 128 pp.

"The Courage Against Hate initiative has been brought together by Facebook for the purpose of sparking cross-sector, pan-European dialogue and action to combat hate speech and extremism. This collection of articles unites European academic analysis with practitioners who are actively working on coun ... more

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Checking PolitiFact’s Fact-Checks

Sakari Nieminen, Valterri Sankari

Journalism Studies, volume 22, issue 3 (2021), pp. 358-378

"In this article we examine PolitiFact’s fact-checking process. We collect a random sample of 858 fact-checks and evaluate them in the light of criteria based on or inspired by fact-checking literature and the International Fact-checking Network’s code of principles. Our analysis reveals the fol ... more

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Trust, personality, and belief as determinants of the organic reach of political disinformation on social media

Tom Buchanan

Social Science Journal (2021), 12 pp.

"False political information spreads far and fast across social media, with negative consequences for society. Individual users play a key role in sharing such material, extending its range through the phenomenon of organic reach. An online experiment tested the hypotheses that higher trust in the s ... more

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Motivations for Sharing Misinformation: A Comparative Study in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries

Dani Madrid-Morales, Herman Wasserman, Gregory Gondwe et al.

International Journal of Communication, volume 15 (2021), pp. 1200-1219

"In most African countries, “fake news,” politically motivated disinformation, and misinformation in the media were common occurrences before these became a preoccupation in the Global North. However, with a fast-growing population of mobile users, and the popularization of apps such as WhatsApp ... more

Disinformation Toolkit 2.0: How Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations Can Combat Harmful Mis- and Disinformation Key Guidance

Disinformation Toolkit 2.0: How Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations Can Combat Harmful Mis- and Disinformation
Key Guidance