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Investigative Journalism in Africa: An Exploratory Study of Non-Profit Investigative Journalism Organizations in Africa

Ntibinyane Ntibinyane

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2018), 99 pp.

"This exploratory study [.] argues that in a continent where traditional media organizations are increasingly failing to hold power to account, not-for-profit organizations are leading by example, setting the agenda and constantly scrutinizing those in power. This study further looks at the motivati ... more

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How Media Companies Use Data to Sign Up Digital Subscribers (and Keep Them)

Michael Leitner

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2018), 36 pp.

"Journalist fellow Michael Leitner takes a deep dive into media organisations who already use data to efficiently acquire, engage and furthermore keep subscribers. Do we need automated paywalls, and what data do we need to use to keep readers interested? Key Insights: Dynamic paywalls are no silver ... more

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Case Studies on Paywall Implementation: Gazeta Wyborzca and Malaysiakini

Marius Dragomir, Dumitrita Holdis, Ian M. Cook

New York; Prague: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2018), 27 pp.

"When Wyborcza.pl was launched back in 2008, besides its quality, one of the best things about it was that its content was freely accessible. Once the paywall was up in 2012, the publisher had to find a way to present this content differently. According to Bregula, this was the most important task w ... more

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Launching a Paywall: What You and Your Team Need to Know
Key Guidance

Tomás Bella

New York; Prague: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2018), 39 pp.

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Crowdfunding of Journalism as a Way to Enhance Transparency: The Case of the Platform Rapport

Helena Hirvinen

Nordicom-Information, volume 40, issue 1 (2018), pp. 91-94

"Over the course of the past few years, crowdfunding platforms have made significant gains in art and technology, and more recently in the field of journalism. This article provides an overview of Rapport, a Finnish crowdfunding platform designed to allow a new approach for journalists to fund their ... more

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Alternative Models of Financing Investigative Journalism
Top Insights

Michel Clement, Anke Lepthien, Petra Schulz, Wiebke Loosen

Hamburg: University of Hamburg, Hamburg Business School;Hans-Bredow-Institut (2018), 42 pp.

"This report aims to identify, evaluate, and discuss models to finance investigative journalism in the EU. To provide a thorough evaluation, we developed a set of criteria that cover six areas to that the financial source may exert an influence from high to low degrees. Those are (1) Independence, ( ... more

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Digital Monetization for Publishers: New Ways to Capture Consumer Revenue

Ryan Nakashima, Anne Cai

Associated Press (AP) (2018), 20 pp.

"Newspapers have come a long way since youngsters hawked the latest edition on street corners or metal boxes collected coins from anonymous visitors sucked in by a juicy headline. Today’s publishers need to be much more savvy about distribution, getting their arms around who their customers are, w ... more

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Paying the Piper: The Sustainability of the News Industry and Journalism in South Africa in a Time of Digital Transformation and Political Uncertainty

Rhodes University, School of Journalism and Media Studies (2018), 108 pp.

"This report explores the recent trajectory of South African news with a specific focus on the economic sustainability of news media. Digital news consumption on mobile phone, and especially via Social Media on Smart Phones (SMSP) is fracturing audiences and reducing traditional sources of revenue. ... more

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VTDigger: A Rising Star in Nonprofit News

Tim Griggs

Institute for Nonprofit News;Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy (2018), 35 pp.

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Crowdfunding Movies: A Business Model Analysis from Strategic Management Studies

Olivier Braet, Sander Spek, Caroline Pauwels

In: Handbook of State Aid for Film: Finance, Industries and Regulation

Paul Clemens Murschetz; Roland Teichmann; Matthias Karmasin (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2018), pp. 635-656

"A crowdfunding platform for movies is an alternative way of refunding movie production costs. Usually, such platform combines several types of funding, including sourcing the Internet community to gather small private donations, that is, a revenue stream which is typically named “crowdfunding”. ... more

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Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos
Top Insights

SembraMedia;Omidyar Network (2017), 68 pp.

"Este estudio es el primer estudio exhaustivo sobre el impacto que tienen emprendedores de medios digitales, los riesgos a los que se enfrentan, y si ha surgido un modelo de negocio viable para el periodismo digital independiente y de calidad. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, SembraMedia, con ... more

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"My Boss is 18,000 People": Journalism Practices in Crowdfunded Media Organizations

Adilya Zaripova

MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research, volume 33, issue 62 (2017), pp. 110-118

"This article analyses three crowdfunded media organizations in three different countries – Krautreporter (Germany), Direkt36 (Hungary), and Colta (Russia). Using qualitative in-depth interviews, it demonstrates that journalism practices in a crowdfunded newsroom are very different from those in o ... more

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Ad Wars: Digital Challenges for Ad-Financed News Media in the Nordic Countries

Jonas Ohlsson, Ulrika Facht

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), 229 pp.

"The accelerating digitalisation of the media landscape has released enormous forces of change in the Nordic advertising markets. The overall impression from the results of this study is that the sweeping changes digitalisation is bringing about are not just undermining the business model on which t ... more

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Media Feast, News Famine: Ten Global Advertising Trends That Threaten Independent Journalism

Michelle Foster

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2017), 25 pp.

"This report looks at ten factors that have altered the media marketplace and that pose challenges to national and local news producers and their sources of revenue. They include ways in which governments interfere in media markets; changes in the structure of news distribution and audience behavior ... more

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Google Scholar (8)

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Fragile Finance: The Revenue Models of Oppositional News Outlets in Repressive Regimes
Top Insights

Clare E. Cook

International Communication Gazette, volume 78, issue 6 (2016), pp. 514-535

"For journalists promoting the free flow of information in repressive or restrictive media environments, the issue of financial sustainability is complex. Both media in exile (out-of-country news outlets feeding independent information into the country of origin) and news outlets in restrictive news ... more

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WorldCat (9)

Case Study: Crowdfunding Civic Action - Pimp my Carroça

Rodrigo Davies

In: Civic Media: Technology, Design, Practice

Eric Gordon; Paul Mihailidis (eds.)

Cambridge, Mass; London: MIT Press (2016), pp. 609-612

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Plataformas de crowdfunding en América Latina

César Rentería

Lima: Diálogo Regional sobre Sociedad de la Información;International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2016), 68 pp.

"El presente documento es un analisis descriptivo del sector de crowdfunding – financiamiento mediante una multitud de donantes por medio de Internet - en América Latina. Su objetivo es conocer el tamaño, las caracteríticas y la dinámica de las plataformas latinoamericanas de crowdfunding. Par ... more

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Crowdfunded Journalism: A Small But Growing Addition to Publicly Driven Journalism. Projects Funded Through Kickstarter Cut Across More Than 60 Countries

Nancy Vogt, Amy Mitchell

Pew Research Center (2016), 33 pp.

"From April 28, 2009 to September 15, 2015, 658 journalism-related projects proposed on Kickstarter, one of the largest single hubs for crowdfunding journalism, received full – or more than full – funding, to the tune of nearly $6.3 million. These totals – both in terms of number of projects a ... more

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Publishing for Peanuts: Innovation and the Journalism Start-Up

J. J. Robinson, Kristen Grennan, Anya Schiffrin

Columbia University, School of International and Political Affairs;Open Society Foundation (2015), 200 pp.

"Our remit was to look for innovative media outlets that are producing high-quality news, that are technologically innovative and that might actually survive financially. Accordingly, we spent three months interviewing media innovators around the world and reading what others have written on the sub ... ject. This report is divided into seven sections: 1) this introduction, 2) our main findings, 3) two sets of recommendations, one for the media development community and another set for people starting a media outlet, 4) an “Innovation Index” listing practices that we found around the world, 5) a description of our methodology, 6) a review of practitioner reports we read, 7) write-ups describing 35 media outlets, based on interviews we conducted [...] We were inspired and encouraged by what we saw. All over the world, independent media outlets are innovating and overcoming obstacles. Globally, start-ups are demonstrating the drive to take risks for the sake of a good idea. The challenges facing these outlets—and the innovations employed to tackle them—broadly fall into four categories: editorial, business, distribution and security. Operating with agility, media start-ups are finding creative ways to gather and disseminate information. In India, Gram Vaani uses a mobile phone social network to connect the rural poor and circumvent legislative prohibitions on radio broadcasting. In Zimbabwe, The Source survives in the repressive media climate by focusing on business journalism. Oxpeckers in South Africa uses geomapping to report on rhino poaching. Crikey in Australia has built a successful business model based on soliciting tips and scandal from the same audience it reports on and Kenya’s African SkyCAM deploys drones to avoid negotiating with police for access to disaster zones [...] Instead of finding a clear model for what works, we found confirmation of many things we knew or suspected. Independent media outlets vary in size, ambition and model. Few have fully succeeded, while many do one thing well, which typically reflects the founder’s particular strength—usually in journalism or technology [...] Most media outlets we found are small, run by a few full-time staff supplemented by volunteers and freelancers, and supported by a combination of grants, donations and haphazard business endeavors. The leaders at most organizations we interviewed were motivated by a desire to produce high-quality journalism rather than meet particular financial or audience goals." (Executive summary, page 5-7) more

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Advancing Independent Journalism While Building a Modern News Business: The Case of Malaysiakini

Tim Carrington

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2015), 12 pp.

"Malaysiakini, an online news platform launched in 1999 in a country of continuous and pervasive media controls, has taken advantage of a precarious space allowing comparatively free journalism on the Internet. Its success in Malaysia is two-fold: First, it has increased demand for reliable and inde ... more

Launching a Paywall: What You and Your Team Need to Know Key Guidance

Alternative Models of Financing Investigative Journalism Top Insights

Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos Top Insights

Fragile Finance: The Revenue Models of Oppositional News Outlets in Repressive Regimes Top Insights

Launching a Paywall: What You and Your Team Need to Know
Key Guidance

Alternative Models of Financing Investigative Journalism
Top Insights

Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos
Top Insights

Fragile Finance: The Revenue Models of Oppositional News Outlets in Repressive Regimes
Top Insights