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Media Sustainability Index 2018: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Linda Trail (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2018), xx, 314 pp.

"Macedonia and Montenegro saw the largest overall score increases this year, in comparison to 2017. The improvement across all objectives this year for Macedonia’s media sector can be attributed to political changes that prioritize media in democratic reforms. Although Montenegro’s score improve ... more

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Global Information Society Watch 2018: Community Networks

Association for Progressive Communications (APC);International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2018), 259 pp.

"The 43 country reports included in this year’s Global Information Society Watch (GISWatch) capture the different experiences and approaches in setting up community networks across the globe. They show that key ideas, such as participatory governance systems, community ownership and skills transfe ... more

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Anti-Western Propaganda

Tamar Kintsurashvili

Tblisi: Media Development Foundation (MDF);UN Association of Georgia;USAID (2018), 38 pp.

"As many as 1,967 anti-Western comments were detected in the 17 monitored media outlets in 2017. In contrast to 2016 and 2015, when negative messages targeted human identity and rights, in 2017, a dominant topic was the foreign policy with the messages aimed at increasing the polarization on the for ... eign policy orientation of the country. This change in the strategic communication of pro-Kremlin actors shows that “loss of identity” was a rather tactical message that prepared the ground, while the messaging aimed at demonizing Georgia’s strategic partners (USA, NATO, EU) is of strategic nature. The United States of America accounted for the highest share of negative comments (25.9%), up by almost three times as compared to the previous year, followed by NATO (18,4%) and the West (14,1%). Compared to 2016, messages against the European Union have almost doubled (13.4%) whereas the comments about the loss of identity and human rights in anti-Western context have almost halved (12.9%). Comments against nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and the US philanthropist George Soros have trebled, as compared to 2016, and comprised 7.3%; this increase can be explained by a stepped up activity of far-right groups and their campaign to smear Open Society Georgia Foundation. Yet another change as compared to the previous years were clearer messages showcasing Russia as an alternative to the West and idealizing the Soviet system (7.2%). Comments against Great Britain (0,8%) have been mainly detected in two pro-Kremlin online media outlets – Georgia and the World, and Sakinformi. Alike previous years, the main source of anti-Western messages was media (827), followed by politicians (463), society (411), civil organizations (230) and the clergy (37). The structure of the Kremlin narrative in the Georgian discourse consists of three stages and aims at: 1. Creating threats; 2. Sowing distrust towards partners and Western institutions; 3. Ingraining a belief that Russia is the only option in fighting against the threats and that authoritative/Soviet-style governance is necessary. Four major threats were emphasized by pro-Kremlin actors: threat of war; threat of loss of territories; threat of bio subversion; threat of loss of identity." (Key findings, page 7) more

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Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights

Sanja Kelly, Mai Truong, Adrian Shahbaz, Madeline Earp, Jessica White (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2017), 1060 pp.

"Governments around the world have dramatically increased their efforts to manipulate information on social media over the past year. The Chinese and Russian regimes pioneered the use of surreptitious methods to distort online discussions and suppress dissent more than a decade ago, but the practice ... more

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Defamation and Insult Laws in the OSCE Region: A Comparative Study

Scott Griffen

Barbara Trionfi (ed.)

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2017), 267 pp.

"This study examines the existence of criminal defamation and insult laws in the territory of the 57 participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). In doing so, it offers a broad, comparative overview of the compliance of OSCE participating States’ legislat ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2017: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2017), xx, 290 pp.

"While a few much-needed improvements can be reported for the 2017 Europe & Eurasia Media Sustainability Index (MSI), overall there are signs of continued and worsening challenges facing those who wish to create and support a vibrant information system in the 21 countries studied in this volume [... ... more

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Media in Process: Transformation and Democratic Transition

Sai Felicia Krishna-Hensel (ed.)

Milton Park; New York: Routledge (2017), viii, 184 pp.

"The integration of traditionally isolated Central/ Eastern Europe into larger, worldwide trends has fundamentally changed the way we look at the media in this region. This volume proposes to address the transition of the media and communication industries in the contemporary period. The contributio ... more

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Pulverfass Kaukasus: Nationale Konflikte und islamistische Gefahren am Rande Europas

Manfred Quiring

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Lizenzausg. (2016), 219 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2016: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and EurAsia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2016), xxii, 318 pp.

"The three countries that this year experienced a decrease in overall score—Belarus, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan—were ones last year that had showed small but unexpected increases. Last year’s Executive Summary indicated that such increases were unlikely to be part of a larger upward trend; pan ... more

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Der Film Hara Harwaa Reihaby von Emma Chodzaa als Instrument der staatlichen Beeinflussung des kollektiven Gedächtnisses in Abchasien

Annika Gläser

Frankfurt, Oder: Europa-Universität Vidriana, Bachelor Thesis (2016), 53 pp.

"Die Fallanalyse hat gezeigt, dass eine Erzählung vom Krieg 1992-93 propagiert wird, die einer abchasischen Version des Narrationsschemas 'Die Vertreibung von fremden Feinden' entspricht. Ein zentrales Element der Erzählung ist zudem, so ergab die Interpretation, eine betont positive Darstellung d ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2016. Silencing the Messenger: Communication Apps Under Pressure
Top Insights

Sanja Kelly, Mai Truong, Adrian Shahbaz, Madeline Earp (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2016), 1021 pp.

"Internet freedom has declined for the sixth consecutive year, with more governments than ever before targeting social media and communication apps as a means of halting the rapid dissemination of information, particularly during antigovernment protests. Public-facing social media platforms like Fac ... more

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Medien im Krieg - Krieg in den Medien

Jörg Becker

Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2016), ix, 404 pp.

"Das Thema Medien und Krieg wird in diesem Buch aus einer vierfachen Perspektive heraus behandelt. Es geht zum einen um die Frage nach der Berichterstattung über Kriege, zum zweiten um die Rolle von Medien im Krieg, drittens geht es darum, welche strukturellen Bedingungen von Krieg und Gesellschaft ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2015: Privatizing Censorship, Eroding Privacy

Sanja Kelly, Madeline Earp, Laura Reed, Adrian Shahbaz, Mai Truong (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2015), 986 pp.

"Internet freedom around the world has declined for the fifth consecutive year, with more governments censoring information of public interest and placing greater demands on the private sector to take down offending content. State authorities have also jailed more users for their online writings, wh ... more

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Zwischen Aufklärung und Propaganda: Medien im Südkaukasus

Silvia Stöber

Osteuropa, volume 65, issue 7-10 (2015), pp. 211-229

"Die Medienlandschaften der südkaukasischen Staaten sind so unterschiedlich wie die Länder. In Georgien gibt es eine lebendige Medienszene, in Armenien ist der Markt von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Kartellen geprägt. In Aserbaidschan unterdrückt das autoritäre Regime die unabhängigen Medi ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2015: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2015), xxii, 323 pp.

"Results of the 2015 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia (E&E) at first glance show encouraging results: the average of 21 overall country scores increased by 0.04 compared with last year, representing the highest average of overall scores so far this decade. Out of 21 countries studied, seven increased ... more

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The Failure of a Success Story: Reforming Georgia’s Public Service Broadcaster

Marek Bekerman

Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 4, issue 2 (2014), 22 pp.

"The Georgian public service broadcaster has been unable to develop into an autonomous and independent media organisation in spite of all the legal and institutional safeguards. It has been a victim of intense political manipulation and interference throughout its existence, and most domestic and ex ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2014. Tightening the Net: Governments Expand Online Controls

Sanja Kelly, Madeline Earp, Laura Reed, Adrian Shahbaz, Mai Truong (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2014), 986 pp.

"Internet freedom around the world has declined for the fourth consecutive year, with a growing number of countries introducing online censorship and monitoring practices that are simultaneously more aggressive and more sophisticated in their targeting of individual users. In a departure from the pa ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2014: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2014), xx, 307 pp.

"The 2014 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia is marked by an overall constancy of scores, for better or worse. Taken as a whole, the average of 21 overall scores shows an increase of 0.01 compared with last year. Out of the 21 countries studied, 13 showed a change in score of less than 0.10. Of the rema ... more

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The Transparency of Media Ownership in the European Union and Neighbouring States

Rachael Craufurd Smith, Yolande Stolte

Access Info Europe;Open Society Program on Independent Journalism (2014), 28 pp.

"Despite the importance of media ownership transparency for both the individual and the state, only two of the surveyed countries—Italy and Romania—address media transparency directly in their constitutions but in both cases the focus is on transparency of fi nancial sources not ownership. In th ... more

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Connecting on Environmental Issues in North & South Caucasus: Insights from 36 In-Depth Interviews with Journalists, Environmental Activists, and Environmental Scholars in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Russia

Nino Japaridze

London: Internews Europe (2014), 35 pp.

"Key recommendations: Invest in increased nationwide coverage of environmental issues and media professionalism across all media platforms [...] Conduct more targeted, specialised training on effective environmental reporting [...] Build on dynamism of online information initiatives [...] Begin educ ... more

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2016. Silencing the Messenger: Communication Apps Under Pressure Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2016. Silencing the Messenger: Communication Apps Under Pressure
Top Insights