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Strategies and (survival) Tactics: The Case of Syrian Oppositional Media in Turkey

Yazan Badran

Journal of Alternative and Community Media, volume 5, issue 1 (2020), pp. 69-85

"This article aims to investigate the regulatory, financial and political environment negotiated by oppositional Syrian media operating in exile in Turkey, as well as to identify the main tactics used by them in negotiating between these constraints to ensure their survival in an increasingly diffic ... more

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Impact of COVID-19 on Journalism in Nepal

Chindu Sreedharan, Einar Thorsen, Laxman Upreti, Shreeman Sharma

Kathmandu: Nepal Press Institute (2020), 26 pp.

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Television and the Afghan Culture Wars

Wazhmah Osman

Urbana: University of Illinois Press (2020), 288 pp.

"Fieldwork from across Afghanistan allowed Osman to record the voices of Afghan media producers and people from all sectors of society. In this moving work, Afghans offer their own seldom-heard views on the country's cultural progress and belief systems, their understandings of themselves, and the r ... more

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Afghanistan Media Landscape

Abdul Mujeeb Khalvatgar

Maastricht: European Journalism Centre (2020)

"Afghanistan media has a history of 147 years. In 1873 the first ever paper, Shamsunahar, was established. The first radio transmitter was installed in 1920. The first TV broadcast happened in Kabul in 1978. The Internet was linked and used in Afghanistan during the Taliban period after 1996, althou ... gh it was not public and was used only by Taliban leaders. According to Nai Supporting Open Media, the leading Media Advocacy NGO in Afghanistan, there are 464 operational media in the country, which has the best media law in the region and one of the tops “Access to Information” bills in the world. But, since 2001, almost 120 journalists and media workers have been killed; more than 1550 violence cases against media have been registered and, except for a few of them, no prosecution processes have been launched for the cases. In practice access to information, despite having a good law, is one of the biggest challenges regarding freedom of expression, along with security and financial sustainability. The Taliban pose a great threat to media. Out of 120 journalists and media staff that have been killed since 2001, over 55 have been killed by the Taliban. On the other side, the Government of Afghanistan is yet to start addressing the violence cases against journalists allegedly perpetrated by governmental staff, particularly security forces. The government is not as supportive as it is stated to be by law and poses pressures which are among the challenges to freedom of expression. It has been known to set barriers to a free flow of information and to find various ways to prevent broadcasting stories about its failures. Financial challenges caused almost 240 media outlets to stop their activities in the country since 2014. Tens of radio stations and almost 6 TV stations are among the media outlets that have stopped their activities mainly because of financial problems. Although there are no specific studies that analyse public trust in media, the article “Media and government in the era of democracy” published on The Daily Afghanistan magazine shows the existence of a strong public trust in the media. When people are disappointed or have their rights infringed by a governmental entity, they turn to various media to make the problem known. That explains the popularity of media programmes that review cases and court hearings." (Overview) more

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Digital Literacy Key Performance Indicators for Sustainable Development

Danica Radovanovic, Christine Holst, Sarbani Banerjee Belur, Ritu Srivastava, Georges Vivien Houngbonon et al.

Social Inclusion, volume 8, issue 2 (2020), pp. 151-167

"The concept of digital literacy has been defined in numerous ways over the last two decades to incorporate rapid technological changes, its versatility, and to bridge the global digital divide. Most approaches have been technology-centric with an inherent assumption of cultural and political neutra ... more

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Routledge Handbook of Environmental Journalism

David B. Sachsman, JoAnn Myer Valenti (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), xx, 421 pp.

"An increasing number of media platforms - from newspapers and television to Internet social media networks - are the major providers of indispensable information about the natural world and environmental risk. Despite the dramatic changes in the news industry that have tended to reduce the number o ... more

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A Review on the Safety of Journalists in Turkey: A Victims' Rights Perspective

Bora Ataman, Baris Çoban, Özlem Erkmen

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 148-171

"In the neoliberal media autocracy of Turkey, mass media are propaganda tools rather than the public watchdogs. The coup attempt in 2016 gave the government additional power to institutionalise this regime. Critical journalists have become the enemies of the state and suffered from threats from vari ... more

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Muslim Preaching in the Middle East and Beyond: Historical and Contemporary Case Studies

Simon Stjernholm, Elisabeth Özdalga (eds.)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2020), 226 pp.

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Sifting truth from lies in the age of fake news

Ramsha Jahangir et al.

Digital Rights Foundation (DRF) (2020), 60 pp.

"The study's findings, based on survey responses and interviews, point towards the poor quality of fact-checking practices in Pakistani newsrooms and stress the urgent need of introducing media literacy trainings to journalists and media practitioners." (Executive summary)

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Disorder in the Newsroom: The Media's Perceptions and Response to the Infodemic

Amel Ghani, Sadaf Khan

Media Matters for Democracy;Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 29 pp.

"The research included a survey of 546 journalists along with in-depth interviews of 10 senior reporters and editors in national and international newsrooms based in Pakistan. The survey, aimed at understanding the perception of their ability to identify and counter misinformation, found that almost ... more

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A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India

Andrew M. Guessa, Michael Lernerb, Benjamin Lyonsd, Jacob M. Montgomerye, Brendan Nyhanf, Jason Reiflerg, Neelanjan Sircarh

PNAS, volume 117, issue 27 (2020), 10 pp.

"Using data from preregistered survey experiments conducted around recent elections in the United States and India, we assess the effectiveness of an intervention modeled closely on the world’s largest media literacy campaign, which provided “tips” on how to spot false news to people in 14 cou ... more

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Social Media and Disinformation in War Propaganda: How Afghan Government and the Taliban Use Twitter

Hazrat M. Bahar

Media Asia, volume 47, issue 1-2 (2020), pp. 34-46

"This study examines disinformation and propaganda in war in the age of information particularly through social media. It analyzes Twitter's posts of the Afghan government and the Taliban, from January to March 2018. For understanding disinformation, 952 tweets of both parties were crosschecked with ... more

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Hamara Internet Online Safety of Young Adults' Curriculum

Shmyla Khan, Muhammad Usman, Seerat Khan

Digital Rights Foundation (DRF);Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 49 pp.

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A Case Study of Community Radio: As an Emerging Platform to Discuss Developmental Issues in Rajasthan

Amit Verma, Rayaz Hassan

Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, volume 12, issue 3 (2020), pp. 3090-3099

"Radio as a medium is continuously playing a significant role not only in the dissemination of information but also in the propagation of culture and nation-building, providing many minorities, remote, and disenfranchised areas with a low-cost civic sphere. Radio is an essential and useful tool for ... more

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Combating Misinformation in Bangladesh: Roles and Responsibilities as Perceived by Journalists, Fact-checkers, and Users

Md Mahfuzul Haque, Mohammad Yousuf, Ahmed Shatil Alam, Pratyasha Saha, Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Naeemul Hassan

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, volume 4, issue CSCW2, Article 130 (2020), 32 pp.

"The spread of misinformation on Facebook in Bangladesh, a country with a population of over 163 million, has resulted in chaos, hate attacks, and killings. By interviewing journalists, fact-checkers, in addition to surveying the general public, we analyzed the current state of verifying misinformat ... more

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Combating Bullets With a Pen: The Importance of Free Media and the Safety of Journalists for Building a Public Sphere for Democracy in Pakistan

Fahad Mahmood

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 54-71

"Journalists have always faced restrictions on their freedom of speech and threats to their security in Pakistan. During Pakistan's 2018 general elections, the country's media was also managed and controlled to create a maligned public-sphere to misguide the Pakistani voters. Public sphere was malig ... more

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Keywords for India: A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century

Rukmini Bhaya Nair, Peter Ronald DeSouza (eds.)

London et al.: Bloomsbury Academic (2020), xv, 468 pp.

"This book highlights key words for modern India in everyday usage as well as in scholarly contexts. Encompassing over 250 key words across a wide range of topics, including aesthetics and ceremony, gender, technology and economics, past memories and future imaginaries, these entries introduce some ... more

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Gazing Past the Glass Ceiling: Indian and South African Female Journalists’ Perceptions of Their Role and Power in the Newsroom

Shakuntala Rao, Ylva Rodny-Gumede

Global Media and Communication, volume 16, issue 1 (2020), pp. 57-74

"This article analyses female journalists’ perceptions of their own role, their power in the newsroom, their influence over the news agenda and the challenges they face on a daily basis in two large media-saturated countries and emerging democracies, India and South Africa. India and South Africa ... more

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Peace Journalism for Conflict Reporting: Insights from Pakistan

Shabir Hussain

Journalism Practice, volume 14, issue 1 (2020), pp. 1-16

"This study proposes a classification framework for conflict journalism with respect to its potential for conflict escalation and de-escalation in Pakistan—a country marred by a number of deadly conflicts. While building on the existing literature, the study proposes the varying levels of intensit ... more

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When the News Takes Sides: Automated Framing Analysis of News Coverage of the Rohingya Crisis by the Elite Press from Three Countries

Hong Tien Vu, Nyan Lynn

Journalism Studies, volume 21, issue 9 (2020), pp. 1284-1304

"Triangulating several methods including automated framing analysis and assessment of textual elements, this study examines how the elite press from three countries frames the Rohingya refugee crisis in 2017. Results from our framing and textual analysis show differences in how the press from the th ... more