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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
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Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
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Press Landscapes
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Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
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Journalism
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Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Magazines
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Television Channels
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Advertising Markets & Industries
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Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
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Child Abuse: Digital Media
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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ICT Regulation
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Media Markets
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Ethics in Media & Communication
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Defamation Law & Regulation
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Self-Regulation of Media
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
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Political Reporting
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Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
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Politics and Media
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Digital Television
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Television Programmes & Genres
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Access to Internet & Digital Communications
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Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
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Media Use, Media Consumption
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Media Use: Public Service & State Media
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Mobile Phone Use
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Censorship
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Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
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Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
2
Digital Media Landscapes
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Online Services
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Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
ICT Industries & Markets
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ICT Indicators
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Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
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Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
2
Media Concentration
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Media Industries
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Media Market Transparency
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Television Markets
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Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
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Journalism Ethics
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Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
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Satellite Television
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Investigative Journalism
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Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
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Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
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Labour Market for Journalists
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Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
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Television Law & Regulation
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Financing Media, Financial Media Management
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Broadcasting Companies
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Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
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Television Transmitters
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Commercial Television
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Advertising
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Government Advertising, State Advertising
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Advocacy & Empowerment: Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
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Agricultural Development & Policies
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Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
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Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
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Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
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Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
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Media Use: Youth
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Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
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Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Book Markets & Industries
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Campaigning
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Catholic Church
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Child Protection Online
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Children: Media Representation & Reporting
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National Cinemas, National Film Production
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Digital Rights
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Editorial Independence
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Freedom of Expression
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Communication Strategies
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Government Communication Strategies
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Nonprofit Public Relations: Experiences
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Nonprofit Public Relations: Design & Implementation
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
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Holocaust
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International Conflicts
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Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
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Small Arms
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Civil Wars
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Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Human Security Reporting
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Interethnic Communication
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Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
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Cultural Policies
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Cultural Diversity
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Cultural Change
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Cultural Development
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Cultural Identity
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Popular Religious Cultures & Practices
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Development Assistance
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Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
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Church Development Cooperation
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Democracy Assistance
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Donor Agencies
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Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
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Development Planning
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Development Communication Projects: Case Studies
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Effects & Effectiveness
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Experiences
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Sexual Abuse: Digital Media
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
News Websites & Portals
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Artificial Intelligence
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Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
1
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
1
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
Homeless People
1
Minorities
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minority Rights
1
Romani People
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Press Markets
1
Radio Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Economy
1
Educational Radio Programmes
1
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Workshops & Seminars: Methods, Tools, Planning, Experiences
1
Environmental Communication
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Good Practice Examples
1
Nazism
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
1
Foreign News, International News
1
International News Flow
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
Council of Europe
1
European Union (EU)
1
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
1
Media Assistance: Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalists
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
1
Television News
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign Cultures & Peoples: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Religion: Media Representation
1
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Abbreviations
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Local Television
1
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
1
Media Assistance: Impacts, Effectiveness, Efficiency
1
Media Assistance: Press
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Communication Networks
1
Communication Systems
1
Presentation of Information
1
Media, Mass Media
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Economic / Social / Cultural Rights
1
Human Rights
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
BBC
1
Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas & Media
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Clientelism
1
Political Doctrines
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Public Spheres
1
Public & State Radios
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Radio Dramas, Radio Soap Operas, Radio Fiction
1
Radio Stations
1
Emotions in the Media, Emotional Functions & Messages of Media
1
Religion and Communication
1
Esotericism & New Age
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Interreligious Dialogue
1
Islam
1
Islamism
1
Islam and Communication
1
Antisemitism
1
Mythology
1
New Religious Movements
1
Religion (General)
1
Religion and Society
1
Participatory Research
1
Participatory Research Methods
1
Civil Society
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Digital Switchover
1
Informatics
1
Computer Networks, Local Area Networks (LAN)
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Telecommunications
1
Regional Television
1
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Youth Media
1
Youth: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Media Sustainability Index 2015: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2015), xxii, 323 pp.
"Results of the 2015 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia (E&E) at first glance show encouraging results: the average of 21 overall country scores increased by 0.04 compared with last year, representing the highest average of overall scores so far this decade. Out of 21 countries studied, seven increased
...
State-Media Financial Relations in Albania: Nurturing Client-Based Media Practices
Ljubljana: Peace Institute;South East European Media Observatory (2015), 19 pp.
"The transparency of media market in Albania continues to be low, including both commercial operations and the state funding, despite of the existing databases. The involvement of new actors, such as advertising agencies, and sister companies of media outlets, makes it even more difficult to track s
...
Reporting Neighbours in Balkan Media
Tirana: Albanian Media Institute (2015), 135 pp.
"This publication opens up a path for dialogue and better mutual understanding among media actors in the various Western Balkan countries. I see its main value in presenting facts and bringing different perspectives together. This is a promising base to further foster bridges between journalists, re
...
ProMedia II Regional: Final Report. September 30, 1999 – September 30, 2014
Washington, DC: IREX (2015), 27 pp.
"USAID’s ProMedia II Regional project, implemented by IREX between 1999 and 2014 provided a flexible tool to support independent media in a time of transition in Europe and Eurasia (E&E). The project supported multi-year, full-time technical assistance projects in three countries: Bulgaria and Alb
...
Medien, Geld und Freiheit
Religion & Gesellschaft in Ost und West, volume 43, issue 10 (2015), pp. 1-27
"Das Fazit der Beiträge in diesem Heft bringt Snežana Milivojevic nüchtern auf den Punkt: „Der Glaube, dass ein freier Markt gleichbedeutend mit freien Medien ist, hat sich in den Transformationsländern als Illusion erwiesen.“ Die größte Gefahr für unabhängigen Journalismus liegt dort ni
...
International Assistance and Media Democratization in the Western Balkans: A Cross-National Comparison
Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 4, issue 2 (2014), 29 pp.
"This article explores the nexus between the democratic transformation of the media and international media assistance (IMA) as constrained by the local political conditions in the five countries of the Western Balkans. It aims to enhance the understanding of conditions and factors that influence me
...
Media Integrity Matters: Reclaiming Public Service Values in Media and Journalism
Sandra B. Hrvatin Contrib.;Londo, Ilda;Hodžic, Sanela;Popovic, Helena;Trpevska, Snežana;Micevski, Igor;Matic, Jovanka;Valic Nedeljkovic, Dubravka
Ljubljana: Peace Institute;South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2014), 445 pp.
"This book is an attempt to address obstacles to a democratic development of media systems in the countries of South East Europe by mapping patterns of corrupt relations and practices in media policy development, media ownership and financing, public service broadcasting, and journalism as a profess
...
Media Sustainability Index 2014: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2014), xx, 307 pp.
"The 2014 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia is marked by an overall constancy of scores, for better or worse. Taken as a whole, the average of 21 overall scores shows an increase of 0.01 compared with last year. Out of the 21 countries studied, 13 showed a change in score of less than 0.10. Of the rema
...
Freedom of the Media in the Western Balkans
Brussels: European Union, Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union, Policy Department (2014), 88 pp.
"The study analyses media freedom and pluralism in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Serbia) in light of the EU enlargement policy. Despite the different stages of their EU accession paths, these countries share si
...
Independence and Functioning of the Audiovisual Media Authority of Albania: An Assessment Using the INDIREG Methodology
Council of Europe (2014), 86 pp.
"This study carries out an independent assessment of the Audiovisual Media Authority (AMA) of Albania. The scope of the study is to apply the INDIREG methodology to the AMA and provide contextual interpretation of the results with policy recommendations. The INDIREG methodology offers a scientifical
...
Women in Politics and Media: Perspectives from Nations in Transition
New York; London: Bloomsbury Academic (2014), xiv, 334 pp.
"This is the first collection to de-Westernize the scholarship on women, politics and media by: 1) highlighting the latest research on countries and regions that have not been ‘the usual suspects’; 2) featuring a diverse group of scholars, many of non-Western origin; 3) giving voice through pers
...
Hate Speech in Online Media in South East Europe
Tirana: Albanian Media Institute (2014), 199 pp.
Journalistic Education in South East Europe
Sofia: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Program South East Europe (2014), 51 pp.
"A disadvantage that is present in all countries is the insufficient cooperation between the universities and media outlets. There are not enough internships available. Besides that, it should be mentioned that many students continue to work at a media outlet where they did their internship and ther
...
Balkan Media Barometer: Albania
Tirana: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2013), 64 pp.
The Global Information Technology Report 2013: Growth and Jobs in a Hyperconnected World
Geneva: World Economic Forum;INSEAD (2013), 413 pp.
"Through the methodological framework of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the report measures the extent to which 144 economies, from both the developed and developing worlds, take advantage of ICTs and other new technologies to increase their growth and well-being. The NRI identifies the most r
...
Media Sustainability Index 2013: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2013), xx, 317 pp.
Limited Assistance for Limited Impact: The Case of International Media Assistance in Albania
Tirana: Albanian Media Institute (2013), 7 pp.
"Overall, the scope of media assistance in Albania has been rather ambitious, aiming to reform all key segments of the media sector. It is therefore not surprising that the results have been mixed at best. The important elements of the regulatory framework have been put in place, but the reforms aim
...
Looking for Shortcuts? Assistance to – and Development of – Public Service Broadcasting in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Albania
Sarajevo: Analitika – Center for Social Research (2013), 31 pp.
The Media Landscape in 54 Countries: Country Profiles from the 2011 and 2012 UIS Pilot Surveys
Paris: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), 155 pp.
"The current UIS Questionnaire on Media Statistics provides information for three UNESCO frameworks, namely the Media and Information Literacy Framework, the Media Development Indicators Framework and the Framework for Cultural Statistics. The questionnaire collects data for reporting global progres
...
Western Balkans and Turkey Media and Freedom of Expression Fact-Finding and Scoping Study
European Commission;Particip (2013), 104 pp.
"The first component of this report focuses on the improvement of the performance of public sector broadcasters. Based on evidence that the team gathered during field research, and the preparatory survey of the existing body of knowledge, 23 main problems were identified in this component [...] The
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