"Langues et médias en Afrique noire francophone est une contribution très précieuse qui se focalise sur cet aspect tout à fait négligé de l'analyse des mutations médiatiques africaines contemporaines : les transformations de la langue. Elle
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ouvre une réflexion sur ce que la manipulation de la langue, par les journalistes actuels, révèle quant aux évolutions sociales. Ce qui est passionnant dans le recueil de textes proposé, c'est justement que les différentes contributions s'étendent sur près de 25 ans : elles balayent ainsi un quart de siècle d'histoire de la presse camerounaise, s'intéressant tantôt aux médias publics, tantôt à la presse privée, évoquant les radios ou encore touchant à des thématiques voisines comme celle des TIC. La presse écrite, qui est au centre de cet ouvrage, constitue le reflet de la société qui lui donne naissance. Dès lors, que révèle la langue qu'elle emploie sur l'état de la société camerounaise aujourd'hui, et plus largement sur celles de l'Afrique francophone ? L'auteur démontre avec méthode et rigueur scientifique que la mutation des identités et des pratiques professionnelles transparaissent dans les usages et formes verbales des journalistes africains francophones, tout autant que les évolutions globales des sociétés dont ils sont issus. C'est à ce décryptage fascinant que nous convie, depuis plus de vingt ans, le travail de Louis Martin Onguéné Essono, qui propose, à travers ce recueil, de nombreuses pistes de réflexion stimulantes." (Description de la maison d'édition)
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"[This report] surveys the landscape of digital opportunity as it relates to – and affects – children. It examines the digital divides that prevent millions of children from accessing through the internet new opportunities to learn and, someday, to participate in the digital economy, helping to
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break intergenerational cycles of poverty. It also explores the undeniably dark side of the internet and digital technology, from cyberbullying to online child sexual abuse to Dark web transactions and currencies that can make it easier to conceal trafficking and other illegal activities that harm children. It reviews some of the debates about less obvious harms children may suffer from life in a digital age – from digital dependencies to the possible impact of digital technology on brain development and cognition. And it outlines a set of practical recommendations that can help guide more effective policymaking and more responsible business practices to benefit children in a digital age. Equally important, this report includes the perspectives of children and young people on the impact of digital technology in their lives – telling their own stories about the issues that most affect them." (Foreword, page vi)
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"This report takes a look at a selection of the innovative, successful ways media companies, individual journalists and civil society organizations are coming together to improve journalist safety
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. These are cases of people taking the initiative, of acting on behalf of the profession, of not sitting back as disempowered victims. The report is not an overview of all the work that is being done in this domain. It is not full of statistics and data. It is, instead, a collection of stories, told in the words of the motivated people who are dedicated to protecting courageous journalists with pro-active measures to make them safer." (Introduction, page 9)
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"In 2014, Cameroon enacted a broad anti-terror law as part of its effort to counter the extremist group Boko Haram, but authorities are using it to arrest and threaten local journalists who report on the militants or unrest in the country’s Engli
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sh-speaking regions. A presidential decree in August 2017 ended legal proceedings against at least four journalists, but the laws that were used against them are still in place. RFI broadcaster Ahmed Abba remains in jail. With elections due to take place next year, many of Cameroon’s journalists say they are too scared to cover politics or sensitive issues." (Page 2)
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"Key findings: Only 21% of news items on asylum and migration reference a refugee or migrant [...] Of the 21% of articles that mentioned a refugee or migrant, only in about one-quarter (27%) was t
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hat person a woman [...] Of the 21% of the news items that reference migrants or refugees, less than half (40%) of the articles quote them directly [...] Refugees and migrants are most often only identified by their displacement [...] Terminology and impartiality may be positive signs." (Pages 5-6)
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"The study consists, essentially, of two main parts. The first part represents a compilation of country reports for each of the Council of Europe member states. It presents a more detailed analysi
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s of the laws and practices in respect of filtering, blocking and takedown of illegal content on the internet in each member state. For ease of reading and comparison, each country report follows a similar structure (see below, questions). The second part contains comparative considerations on the laws and practices in the member states in respect of filtering, blocking and takedown of illegal online content. The purpose is to identify and to attempt to explain possible convergences and divergences between the member states’ approaches to the issues included in the scope of the study." (Introduction, page 6)
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"We have noted profound transformations in the field of media freedom, which is making progress in certain areas, but losing ground in others. Media freedom is limited in particular by many legal restrictions on the right to impart information and ideas, although progress is being made with regard t
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o legal guarantees to seek and receive information. With regard to media pluralism, the last five years have seen a considerable increase in the number of sources of information. Yet the concentration of ownership of media companies and Internet services raises major concerns. The filtering effects of social media, which create “bubbles” in which people do not access the truth or “points of view” they consider “irritating” or “inappropriate” is one example. Another is the manipulation and dissemination of false information by propaganda mouthpieces. There has also been a hiatus in the progress of gender equality in content and staffing. Trends show that media independence is weakening and the professional standards of journalism are being eroded by economic forces on the one hand and lack of recognition by political actors on the other. Media and Internet companies are increasingly aware of the need for self-regulation. Finally, with regard to the physical, psychological and digital safety of journalists, trends remain extremely alarming, although implementation of the United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity offers hope. There is new momentum for mechanisms to monitor, prevent, protect and strengthen justice for crimes against journalists." (Foreword, page 10-11)
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"WE CAN! is the latest addition to our toolbox against hate. The most damaging examples of hate speech are often grounded in simple stories, which are repeated over and over again in different forms. The migrants “taking our jobs” narrative, for example. Or the consistent claim, made by radicals
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, that Islam is “under attack”. Such narratives often remain unchallenged, either because they have become commonplace, or because they are delivered in sophisticated ways. This manual will therefore help young people and educators confront, dismantle and replace hateful narratives. There are no short-cuts: the reader will not find in these pages a single statement, slogan, meme or caricature to counter all hate speech. You will, however, be guided in identifying the dangerous story-telling that chips away at our communities. Even more importantly, you will find tried and tested methods to propose powerful alternatives. Not simply telling different stories, but building and deploying more truthful accounts of the world around us which encourage others to challenge prejudice and think critically, and which deepen our knowledge and understanding of one and other." (Preface)
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"For decades international radio broadcasters on the African continent were considered the tools of Western imperialism, ideological weapons in the Cold War. Yet international broadcasters also provided a crucial, alternative supply of information
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in times of state monopoly of the media and when there was a lack of freedom of expression. Over the past 20 years, the media have become more open and numerous in the countries of French-speaking Africa and, as a result, international broadcasters have had to redefine their strategies. Based on expert interviews, this study examines the positioning of “historically established” international radio broadcasters by looking into the strategies of 2 of them, Radio France Internationale and Deutsche Welle." (Abstract)
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"Videos have been used to successfully raise awareness on disability inclusion in many contexts. They can play a powerful role in helping transform negative attitudes that prevent the full and equal participation of persons with disabilities. Produ
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cing a video - even a short one - has many components to consider, so it is important to approach it with a detailed plan, as you would with any project. This toolkit is designed to help you create video(s) that include persons with disabilities at all stages of the process. This toolkit is relevant to all video making, not just those that directly relate to disability as a topic. All videos, whether or not they are about disability, can and should take an inclusive approach. There are many talented persons with disabilities who are able and willing to contribute to making video or films." (Page 4)
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"This report provides a holistic, data-driven analysis of how countries are currently implementing open government practices, the main challenges they face and the untapped opportunities that exist for enhancing transparency, accountability and cit
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izen participation both in the policy-making cycle and in service design and delivery. The questionnaire and analytical framework on which the report is based stem from more than a decade of work on open and inclusive policy making by the OECD Secretariat. This work includes thematic reports and country-specific open government reviews, and was enriched by the policy dialogue that has taken place in the OECD Public Governance Committee and in the three regional networks on open and innovative government that the OECD hosts in Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, and Southeast Asia. The report finds that countries are moving from an intrinsic to an instrumental understanding of open government reforms, using them to achieve broader policy objectives such as good governance and inclusive growth, rather than as a goal in themselves. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a case in point, as open government policies and initiatives can not only contribute to Goal 16 (on Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) but they are potentially beneficial to reach all the other SDGs as well. In line with this new approach, the report highlights ways to improve whole-ofgovernment co-ordination of the national open government agenda; such co-ordination is needed in order to achieve more integrated and strategic policy outcomes. There is a need to consolidate the multitude of scattered initiatives into a single national open government strategy, based on a country-specific understanding of what open government reforms entail and seek to accomplish. To support the ensuing national discussion and provide a reference model, the OECD has developed its own definition which can be adapted to countries’ specific historical, legal, social and economic contexts: Open government is “a culture of governance based on innovative and sustainable public policies and practices inspired by the principles of transparency, accountability and participation that fosters democracy and inclusive growth." (Foreword)
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"This publication provides a selection of literacy programmes that use radio, TV, mobile phones, tablets and computers to support the development of literacy, numeracy and language skills. Due to continuous demand, the second edition of the publica
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tion has been updated with new case studies. All programmes included in this publication are also available on UNESCO’s Effective Literacy and Numeracy Practices database (LitBase). This database allows users to identify trends, challenges and lessons learnt in applying ICTs to literacy teaching and learning worldwide. The programmes share valuable examples of how ICTs can be used creatively and innovatively to complement face-to-face adult literacy teaching. They highlight the prerequisites that must be met to reach the full potential of ICTs." (Foreword)
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"Counter speech is a way of responding to hateful messages. If left unchallenged, the peddling of myths, lies, and the use of hateful rhetoric and abuse can lead to more harm being done - especially when individuals are targeted without knowing the
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re is support out there and ‘haters’ gain more confidence about expressing their views both on and off-line." (http://www.stoppinghate.getthetrollsout.org)
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"Community media can be a key role for building social capital, trust and respect between communities, groups and individuals and function as a dialogue platform for parties to
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a conflict. Through their locally embedded work, community media are in a privileged position to be able to mediate between different groups and operate as mediators and include local communities in their programmes and thereby create a platform for the local population to engage, encounter and exchange. The community media network in the South West region in Cameroon seeks to combine these qualities and account for the local diversities constituting the strengths of the members involved." (Conclusion, page 68)
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"Journalists’ organisations play a key role to defend the rights of journalists and equip them to rise to the challenge of the changing labour market. Journalists’ organisations themselves also undergo changes to renew their commitment and stra
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tegies to counter new challenges. This handbook [...] contains inspiring examples from EFJ members, including: recruitment and organising strategies to reach out to young and other types of journalists; development of new services and training opportunities catering for the need of different members; continue to defend the labour rights of journalists through collective bargaining and innovative campaigns; advocate the protection of the professional and social rights of all journalists, in particularly those of freelance and precarious workers, through national and European legislation; lobby for strong authors’ rights protection for journalists and fair contacts." (Introduction)
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"The majority think their national media provide a diversity of views, but most say it is not free from political or commercial pressures. Two thirds of respondents (66%) agree that their national media provide
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a diversity of views and opinions, and the majority in all but one Member State agree (Greece is the only exception). More than four in ten EU citizens (44%) say the level of diversity of views and opinions in the national media are the same as it was five years ago, 29% think there is more diversity, while 18% say there is less. Almost four in ten respondents (38%) agree their national media provide information free from political or commercial pressure – the majority disagree (57%). There are only nine Member States where the majority agree. Just over a third of respondents agree their national public service media are free from political pressure (35%), but the majority (60%) disagree. Almost half (45%) think their national media are as free and independent as they were five years ago, while 18% say it is more free and independent, and 28% think it is less so. A small majority (53%) agree their national media provide trustworthy information, while 44% think it does not. In 19 Member States, the majority of respondents agree their national media provide trustworthy information. Radio is most likely to be considered reliable (66%), followed by television and newspapers (both 55%). Far fewer respondents consider social media to be reliable (32%). Radio is considered the most reliable media in 25 countries." (Key findings, page 4)
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"This study examines the voluminous case law of the European Court of Human Rights (“The Court”) relating to freedom of expression and defamation. It starts by clarifying the concept of defamation and positioning it in relation to freedom of expression and public debate. It explains how defamati
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on laws that are overly protective of reputational interests and that provide for far-reaching remedies or sanctions can have a chilling effect on freedom of expression and public debate. The principle of proportionality in respect of defamation laws and their application is therefore very important when it comes to preventing such a chilling effect." (Executive summary)
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"The purpose of this guide is to help managers and development practitioners to really understand what a Theory of Change approach involves and includes, how it can complement and strengthen already existing methods for planning and evaluation, and
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how to get started on this journey. It introduces the basic principles of applying a Theory of Change approach to planning, monitoring and evaluation, and explains how these principles can be applied for organizational planning and strategizing, for programme planning, monitoring and evaluation or for individual projects. It is important to note from the start that there is no such thing as ‘one theory of change’. There are as many theories of change as there are planners and development practitioners practicing the approach. In fact, applying a theory of change approach is a bit like applying principles of the French cuisine: There are a few basic principles to stick to, for it to be French cooking. The ways these principles are applied are as diverse as the number of cooks. Therefore, we have decided that this should be an inspirational guide rather than a set of recipes." (Purpose of this guide, page 5)
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