"The transformative development potential of community radio is vast. This paper presents examples of changes generated by communities shaping the narrative and their future direction. It also explores what needs to be in place for community radio to achieve its potential, namely, an enabling enviro
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nment through a legal framework and fair and transparent regulations. A discussion of three sustainability-furthering frameworks is also included." (Cover)
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"This paper offers a critical overview of anti-war propaganda in the Russian language during the first six months of the war and identifies the reasons for its limited success. After a review of the challenges to current forms of propaganda, the paper offers practical recommendations to improve the
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work in this area." (Page 3)
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"Este documento hace un recorrido por los estándares fijados por los órganos del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos que establecen las obligaciones de los Estados para garantizar el pluralismo y la diversidad de los sistemas mediáticos como parte de la protección del derecho a la liberta
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d de expresión. Para ello se analizan los principios vinculados al alcance de la intervención estatal, sus obligaciones de inclusión y no discriminación, el reconocimiento del derecho a fundar medios y de tres sectores de la comunicación, el establecimiento de mecanismos anti-monopólicos así como las condiciones de la institucionalidad para la regulación de medios." (Página 1)
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"This paper will outline the technologies and mechanisms of Putin's information machine, how it operates during the war and the obstacles to anti-war propaganda among Russians. At the very end, we will offer some recommendations for confronting Putin's information machine at war, both of a general n
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ature and relating to specific groups of Russian society." (Page 3)
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"Access to information is an essential component of best practices in public administration management and governance in Africa. Transparency is progressively becoming the rule, and secrecy the exception. The campaigns for the expansion of access to information alongside the development of the digit
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al era have enhanced the scope of journalism, especially investigative reporting in several African countries. Currently, 25 African countries have adopted Access to information laws. The African Union, its organs and African governments ought to boost the adoption of constitutional provisions and laws on access to information for everyone." (Page 1)
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"This document concludes that 1. Digital broadcasting migration is generally a process in which broadcasting services offered on traditional analogue technology are replaced with digital networks. It is the transition or switch from analogue broadcasting to digital broadcasting; 2. Most Southern Afr
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ican countries have made good progress and are in the final stages of digital migration. However, some countries are struggling due to financial constraints and a lack of urgency to comply with ITU and SADC guidelines; 3. Digital broadcasting has improved signals and technical picture quality. It affords audio descriptions for the visually impaired. This group was previously uncatered for as analogue could only provide sign language services for the deaf and hard of hearing; 4. Subsidizing STBs is also a clear indication of the political will of some governments in the region to ensure that citizens enjoy the full benefits of digital migration and its inherent spin-offs, which include access to information." (Page 1)
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"All the AMBs consistently demonstrate that African countries provide for at least freedom of expression, although a number also specify freedom of the press in their national constitutions. Most have ratified international instruments which provide for and seek to enhance fundamental freedoms. Howe
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ver, the AMBs also show that this promising picture is tainted by the inclusion of significant pullback conditions in the same national constitutions, and the enactment and retention of restrictive laws on the statute books. Furthermore, the AMBs indicate that several African countries, such as Namibia, have been slow to enact laws promoting access to information, especially information held by state functionaries. The AMBs show that African media are generally plural but less diverse in content, and primarily patriarchal in their coverage of women. Although print media is expansive in most African countries, circulation figures are dropping, and the cost of newspapers and magazines limits accessibility. Most countries have a significant number of broadcasting services (in particular radio, which remains the cheapest and most accessible medium on the continent) across the three tiers of state/public media, commercial media and community media. However, it is also noted that both print and broadcast media face sustainability challenges due to falling advertising revenues and limited state support for the media, which threatens to constrict the communicative space and the range of issues and social groups covered. In addition, the AMBs show limited desire by most African governments to provide guarantees, in law, for editorial independence in the state/public media." (Conclusion, page 49)
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"This publication is a collection of essays and articles by Access to Information advocates in Africa unpacking some of the successes, hopes & struggles, and ongoing challenges to the full realization of the right to information in Africa." (Publisher description)
"Worldwide, the revenue base for journalism has been disrupted by digital innovation and the dominance of technology platforms in the audience and advertiser-facing markets. Revenue models relied upon by news and information services have collapsed, and credible journalism and its social function ar
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e at risk. Future-proofing the viability and sustainability of public interest journalism in Africa must encourage platforms to pay fair value for the benefit derived. This will require trust and collaboration between governments, the news and information services that produce public interest journalism, and civil society. To achieve this, three pillars grounded in the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information in Africa are proposed, namely: i) designation of public interest journalism as a public good, ii) incorporation of national public media funds to resource the supply of public interest journalism and safeguard its public value, and iii) draw revenue for these funds from a collective fee mechanism paid by digital indexing and publishing platforms." (Page 1)
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"In sub-Saharan Africa, 495 million people (46 percent of the population) subscribed to mobile phones in 2020, however, the cost of accessing the internet is very high and many African Governments are renowned for restricting access to the internet to limit critics and their opposition through inter
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net shutdowns, especially ahead of elections. There is widespread government surveillance in many countries in Africa without sufficient legal basis. In Zimbabwe, for example, the interception of private communications is permitted without a warrant issued by a court; instead, the Minister of Transport and Communication has the power to order such surveillance. Many countries in Africa and around the world have passed cybercrime legislation in recent years or are about to do so. There is great concern that many of these laws over-reach their legitimate aim, lack clear definitions and are susceptible to being used for regulating online content and restricting freedom of expression." (Page 1)
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"Este libro es sobre un medio ciudadano, la Escuela Audiovisual de Belén de los Andaquíes (EAI), ubicada en el departamento del Caquetá, al sur de Colombia, y su rol en la creación de relaciones de confianza en una población atravesada por el conflicto armado. La hipótesis principal es que los
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medios ciudadanos, al crear espacios físicos (y virtuales) que conceden a las personas la posibilidad de contar sus historias y de ser tenidos en cuenta en el interior de su comunidad, posibilitan pensar y desarrollar proyectos de vida por fuera de los límites que permite un conflicto armado como el colombiano." (Introducción)
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"El presente artículo plantea la necesidad de entender de manera integral el derecho a la comunicación y de recopilar los puntos que, desde el sector de medios comunitarios, se consideran fundamentales para que no existan retrocesos en la legislación de comunicación." (Página 2)
"El análisis de la información disponible sobre ocho indicadores de concentración en Internet en Uruguay muestra que en casi todas ellas unas pocas empresas tienen una posición dominante en el mercado o servicio relevado." (Conclusiones, página 16)
"O capítulo 1, “Reconhecimento e representação: sobre vozes, epistemicídio e resistências”, investiga e discute as formas, contextos e a constituição sóciohistórica, econômica e cultural da sociedade brasileira contemporânea e de seus grupos estigmatizados e precarizados, enfatizando
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o papel da posse, acesso, uso e apropriações diferenciadas das TIC. Na mesma direção, o capítulo 3, “A nova geração de telefonia móvel 5G já nasce com data de validade”, antecipase e se concentra na crítica dos modos como a inovação tecnológica digital, como conduzida no Brasil, vêm carrear novas formas de exclusão, opressão e sofrimento social. A partir da perspectiva original de Rheingold (1994) sobre as comunidades virtuais, em certa medida ingênua, pois que baseada em partilhas cordiais entre os indivíduos, outros pensadores vêm agregando elementos adicionais, mais críticos e problematizadores, capazes de contemplar conflitos e desigualdades de poder na luta e na militância política no ciberespaço e na cibercultura. Para contribuir com essa discussão, o capítulo 2, “Dimensões interseccionais da vulnerabilidade digital no Brasil”, introduz e expande a compreensão do fenômeno e dos conceitos associados às vulnerabilidades digitais, apontando para a necessidade da construção crítica de uma educação midiática focada na superação das condições da exclusão digital e na construção de cidadãos autônomos – e na (re)construção de suas vozes sociais, sua expressão e suas justas reivindicações materiais e simbólicas, na participação democrática. O tema é retomado de forma aprofundada no capítulo 4, “Educação midiática para a vida online: descolonização, diferença e alteridade”, que sinaliza a necessidade e a urgência de políticas, ações, iniciativas e medidas da educação popular no âmbito do aprendizado das, pelas e para as mídias digitais." (Apresentação, página 7-8)
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"Since Syrians took to the streets more than 11 years ago demanding freedom from decades of dictatorship, the Syrian regime has used violence and disinformation as tools to silence those who dare to oppose it, especially those brave enough to expose the war crimes being committed. Civilians, doctors
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, humanitarians and human rights defenders have all faced real-life consequences of online harms. Their experiences are testament to the deadly cost of disinformation. Although there is a trove of evidence of torture, chemical weapons use, and the indiscriminate and targeted bombing of civilians, a relatively small number of conspiracy theorists – sometimes aided by a Russian-backed disinformation campaign, other times inspired by Russia’s disinformation talking points – have managed to distort the facts, endanger people’s lives, and cast long shadows of doubt over policy debates on Syria; in some cases stalling political action by the international community when it was sorely needed. New data gathered and analysed by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) for this report shows that disinformation about the conflict in Syria has created a dangerous ecosystem that permeates beyond the online bubble of social media and impacts both lives and government policies in the real world. The disinformation campaign has been devastating for those who are brave enough to risk everything to document human rights violations, as well as for survivors of chemical attacks. The unprecedented use of social media in the Syria conflict shed new light on the evolution of information warfare. Indeed, the war in Syria was the first major conflict to be played out online, creating what researchers have dubbed "a dangerous illusion of unmediated information flows." (Page 2)
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"Las 23 historias de vida y profesionales contenidas en este libro reflejan la riqueza y multiplicidad de abordajes y temas que la comunicación como disciplina permite investigar, así como algunas de las necesidades pendientes de abordar. En la diversidad también hay elementos compartidos que nos
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permiten articular una visión sobre la comunicación en México desde las mujeres cuya obra, aportes y reflexiones están contenidos en el texto. Cuando invitamos a las autoras a participar propiciamos la reflexión en torno a tres temas transversales. El primero es la comunicación misma: ¿Cómo entiendes la comunicación, desde dónde la has mirado, estudiado? El segundo tema transversal es el género: ¿Cómo tu experiencia de vida y profesional como mujer ha influido en la forma en que miras o entiendes la comunicación? El tercer tema es el de los fenómenos sociales que enfrentamos en México: ¿Qué problema o fenómeno debemos abordar desde la comunicación? A partir de los capítulos enviados emergió un cuarto tema transversal, el de la historia del campo de estudio de la comunicación en el país y los desafíos que enfrenta en la actualidad. Varios de los capítulos narran el inicio de los estudios de la comunicación en México en la década de 1970, cuando la Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México fundó la primera licenciatura en comunicación en el país. Posteriormente, el Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO), universidad jesuita junto con la IBERO, llevó el campo a la ciudad de Guadalajara donde dio pie a un nodo importante para la formación de académicas e investigadoras que se ha mantenido a lo largo de los años. Otra sede que contribuyó a la creación y consolidación de programas de estudios en comunicación fue la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, donde convergieron académicas y académicos del cono sur quienes abonaron a la formación de docentes y a la construcción de una mirada sobre los estudios de la comunicación." (Introducción, página 5-6)
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"1. En términos generales los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes se encuentran adecuadamente consagrados en los marcos regulatorios, sin embargo, faltan medidas concretas para hacerlos efectivos. En muchos países los derechos se reconocen en la legislación, pero luego se desvirtúan a
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través de reglamentaciones o disposiciones de rango menor que flexibilizan o eliminan las obligaciones. Es el caso, como hemos visto, de los marcos regulatorios de Perú y México, pero no exclusivamente. 2. La situación en los países investigados da cuenta de que los derechos de los NNyA no ocupan un lugar prioritario en la regulación de medios audiovisuales, a la vez que los medios de comunicación no están entre las preocupaciones centrales de las legislaciones de protección de la niñez y adolescencia y/o de las agendas de política pública de los Estados. Como consecuencia, la protección es débil e ineficiente. A su vez, es posible afirmar que las autoridades regulatorias concentran su actividad en la agenda de telecomunicaciones relegando a la comunicación audiovisual que recibe poco interés y recursos. 3. [...]" (Conclusiones, páginas 42-43)
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