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How African Media Covers Africa

Sandra Roberts, Albert van Houten

Johannesburg: Africa No Filter (2021), 29 pp.

"One-third of all African stories in news outlets on the continent are sourced from foreign news services. As a result, stories about Africa continue to be told through the same persistent and negative stereotypes and frames of poverty, disease, co ... more

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Singaporeans' Susceptibility to False Information

Carol Soon, Shwan Goh

Singapore: National University of Singapore, Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) (2021), 141 pp.

"Drawing from various disciplines including media studies, political science, and cognitive science, this study adopts a holistic approach to understand the dynamics that influence the impact of false information on Singaporeans. We provide empiric ... more

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The Measurement of Trust in Communication Research, Part 2

Paola Pascual-Ferrá

Communication Research Trends, volume 40, issue 1 (2021), pp. 4-36

"In this review of the literature I have attempted to show how researchers in different areas of communication have conceptualized and operationalized trust and trust-related concepts. Trust has been associated most with the concept of credibility, but other words that have been used to operationali ... ze it include believability, accuracy, honesty, truthfulness, trustworthiness, sincerity, competence, expertise, reliability, and goodwill, to name some. The concept of trust, just as credibility, is multi-dimensional, and it seems to depend on the context, the person, and the task that is evaluated, as one may not necessarily trust another with a personal secret but may trust that person to complete a work-related task well. As might have become evident to the reader, our discipline's interest in measuring trust has been mostly utilitarian: trust as a means to an end (e.g., persuasion, credibility, and effectiveness of the communicator, to name some). While not all of the trust-related research in communication has been self-serving, it has focused mostly on the benefits that communicators can derive from growing others' trust in them, and less on the benefit that the act of trusting may have on others beyond the communicator, or other possible outcomes stemming from trust. One of the few exceptions has been in the instructional communication literature, where measures of trust have been used to study levels of student satisfaction, development and learning; interpersonal communication, where measures of trust have been used to study satisfaction in relationships between friends and romantic partners; and health communication, where communicating trust in the patient-provider interaction can increase the patient's self-awareness and sense of well-being. The mostly transactional and utilitarian view of trust that has dominated so far is perhaps a reflection of the increased professionalization of the discipline, the need for practical applications within the business setting and the cultures that sustain them and are in turn sustained by them. It would be interesting for future research to consider trust from the perspective of the person who is doing the trusting what impact does trust have on them beyond being persuaded and returning as consumers of information and products? It would be interesting for future research to approach the study of trust from that perspective as well as from non-traditional (read non-Western/Anglo-Saxon) socioeconomic and cultural perspectives." (Conclusion, page 21) more

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Archives, Access and Artificial Intelligence: Working with Born-Digital and Digitised Archival Collections

Lise Jaillant (ed.)

Bielefeld: Bielefeld University Press;transcript (2021), 330 pp.

"Cultural heritage organizations face at least three main challenges. First, the volume of digital archives makes it extremely difficult for archivists to assess records. Applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to archives is still at an experimental stage, but AI/ ML could b ... more

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Elaboración de productos accesibles en el entorno digital: Guía práctica

Adriana Zanutigh (comp.)

Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC) (2021), 46 pp.

"[...] la presente Guía Práctica aspira a condensar soluciones posibles y recomendaciones relativas a la multiplicidad de variantes que hay que tener en cuenta al momento de construir productos ... more

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I Read the News Today, Oh Boy: The Effect of Crime News Coverage on Crime Perception

Daniel Velásquez, Santiago Medina Serna, Gustavo Yamada, Pablo Lavado, Miguel Nuñez, Hugo Alatrista, Juandiego Morzán

World Development, volume 136 (2020), pp. 1-20

"Crime perception has increased in Peru, as in other developing and developed countries, in spite of the reduction in crime victimization figures. Our hypothesis is that the news industry is partially responsible for such opposing trends. As Peruvians are great consumers of written news, we focus on ... more

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Journalism and Communication in China and the West: A Study of History, Education and Regulation

Bing Tong

Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan (2020), xxi, 366 pp.

"This book sheds new light on the study of journalism and communication, considering why and how journalism is studied in the 21st century. It notably offers both an international and interdisciplinary comparison of journalism and communication, examining the history of Chinese and Western journalis ... more

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A way to silence journalists? Estonian female journalists’ experiences with harassment and self-censorship

Signe Ivask

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 114-129

"The aim of the study is to investigate Estonian female journalists’ experiences with harassment resulting in self-censorship. We carried out three studies: one in 2015, a second in 2016 and a t ... more

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Promoting Freedom of Religion or Belief and Gender Equality in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals: A Focus on Access to Justice, Education and Health. Reflections from the 2019 Expert Consultation Process

Marie Juul Petersen

Copenhagen: Danish Institute for Human Rights (2020), 107 pp.

"Rights related to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and gender equality are often seen to be in contradiction with one another. Underlying this (mis) perception of a normative clash between the two is very often an understanding of FoRB as ... more

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The Book Dash Manual

Book Dash (2020), 38 pp.

"We believe every child should own a hundred books by the age of five. In South Africa, that means giving 600 million free books to children who could never afford to buy them. Every day we lose, more children grow up unable to ... more

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The Debunking Handbook 2020
Quick Overview

Stephan Lewandowsky, John Cook, Ullrich Ecker et al.

Databrary (2020), 19 pp.

"The handbook is a consensus document that was created by an innovative process that involved a series of predefined steps, all of which were followed and documented and are publicly available. Th ... more

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Investigating Health & Medicine

Catherine Riva, Serena Tinari

Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN) (2020), 90 pp.

"This guide focuses on medicines and medical devices. It aims to provide journalists with the tools and knowledge to independently assess the evidence, critically appraise the risk-benefit ratio of any given product or policy, and expose corruption and malpractice. It can be ... more

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Reading Matters: Surveys and Campaigns. How to Keep and Recover Readers

Åsfrid Hegdal

International Publishers Association (IPA);Norwegian Publishers Association (2020), 89 pp.

"The aim of the report has been to identify data about reading habits of the population in a selection of countries, then to summarise them. Our hope is that this report will form an empirical base and a ... more

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Mapping Journalism Training Centres in Sub-Saharan Africa

Alan Finlay

Kalmar; Johannesburg: Fojo Media Institute;University of the Witwatersrand, Wits Journalism Programme (2020), 115 pp.

"This report offers an overview of journalism training and education centres in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on 10 countries. Although the primary emphasis of this research was on institutions such as universities, schools, colleges and institutes, we took ... more

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Port-Au-Prince Information Ecosystem Assessment

Internews;Panos Caribbean (2020), 70 pp.

"Key finding 1: A trusted thirdperson is the most important information provider. When asked for their main source of information, family, friends, and religious leaders accounted for 89% of the response choices combined. Additionally, 97% stated t ... hey trust their family and friends. Key finding 2: Social media, the new player in the game? Even though radio remains the main channel of information used by the population (76%) – followed by television (48%) – WhatsApp (29%) and Facebook (28%) combined total 57% of respondents’ choice. Moreover, among participants who have Internet access, the leading applications to receive news areWhatsApp (82%) and Facebook (70%). Key finding 3: News on current events and sports are the most preferred content in traditional media channels. Participants mostly responded they like to see “news on current events” and “sports news” in traditional media channels. Radio listeners mostly enjoy “news on current events” (61%), newspapers readers like to read about “news on current events” (65%) and “sports” (33%), and television consumers mostly favor “news on current events” (49%) and “sports” (37%). Sports are ahead of educational and/or health programs in all types of media. Key finding 4: Residents in Port-au-Prince have unmet information needs. When asked about the information they need the most – at the time –, 52% of participants selected “how to find a job”, followed closely by “general news about what is happening in the country including COVID-19” (51%). Respondents also mentioned the need for information on “access to food and drinking water” (48%), as well as information about the “security situation in Port-au-Prince” (47%). Key finding 5: Information consumers are not passive actors: trust and relevance are key points. Content and source are the two main factors affecting the information ecosystem in Port-auPrince. Even among their preferred source of information – family and friends – or their preferred channel – radio –, trust is not blindly granted. In the focus groups, participants point out the lack of training of journalists, the fact that many confuse facts with opinions or place greater value in sensationalism, often leading to unsubstantiated claims and misinformation [...]" (Pages 5-14) more

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The Media-Democracy Paradox in Ghana: Rethinking Political Communication in an African Context

W. S. Dzisah

Bristol: intellect (2020), 218 pp.

"This original new book researches into the praxis of this democracy and its media, delving into Ghana's evolvement, media practice, leadership aspirations, pressure group politics and ethnic and tribal cleavages. Written in accessible language it will provide valuable source material for readers in ... more

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Connecting with Confidence: Literature Review

Katie Drew, John Wannes, Aaron Martin, Silva Pelucchi

UNHCR (2020), 23 pp.

"Specifically, the review focuses on the means, barriers, and associated cybersecurity and privacy concerns that refugees face around connectivity. This includes but is not limited to mobile connectivity and social media, particularly in displacement contexts. While these subjects may at times inter ... more

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Transnational Memories and the Practices of Global Justice in the Ayotzinapa Case

In: Agency in Transnational Memory Politics

Jenny Wüstenberg; Aline Sierp (eds.)

New York; Oxford: Berghahn (2020), pp. 47-67

"In this chapter, I analyze transnational memory following the four elements outlined in the introduction—actors, structures, practices, and outcomes—in the case of the disappearances of forty-three students from Ayotzinapa, Mexico, in 2014. First, I discuss why the issue of agency and the outco ... more

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Information Ecosystem Assessment of First Time Youth Voters in Myanmar’s 2020 Election

Internews (2020), iv, 55 pp.

"Facebook is “best” source of information for elections, but television is still most trusted Among irst time youth voters, 83% of survey respondents cited Facebook as the best channel to receive elections information. In Myanmar, Facebook and the Internet are virtually interchangeable. Key Info ... more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Namibia

Dennis Reineck

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 25 pp.

"Young Namibians are embracing the digital transformation, according to indicative findings from the present MIL INDEX country study. Interestingly, the youths that took part in eight focus groups conducted at the end of 2018 in Windhoek and Rundu are immersed in digital communication but are aware ... of the ambivalent nature of the news and information sources they find on social media and related Internet services. The importance of a critical mindset when navigating the World Wide Web was stressed by the eight experts interviewed as part of the study. This MIL INDEX study addresses five dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) according to DW Akademie’s MIL model: access, analysis, reflection, creation, and action. The focus groups conducted for this study reveal that there is a rural/urban divide in terms of access and use of media. The more rural (and older) groups use radio and television on a regular basis, while the more urban (and younger) groups tend to regard traditional media as yesterday’s media. This shift is in line with the rise of social media. Information uptake is coincidental and journalistic content is intermingled with all sorts of trivia when consumed in social networks. Smartphones are regarded by many as a substitute for newspapers, radio, and television. Amongst those who continue using traditional media, radio is turned to more often for information while TV is regarded more as an entertainment medium. Considering analytical skills, there is a certain disenchantment of the Namibian youths with journalistic media, the reporting being considered not close enough to the interests and issues of the youth. But it was interesting to find that the focus group participants’ appraisal of media in terms of trustworthiness is the exact opposite of their consumption patterns. While the discussions documented frequent use of social media these are evaluated as least trustworthy, whereas newspapers are rated highly on the trustworthiness scale but were hardly ever read. There is an awareness of the ambivalent quality of news and information on social media, but the youths cannot always name sources they consider produce high-quality information. The results in the reflection dimension are ambivalent. The youths can recount numerous cases of cyberbullying and disinformation (“fake news”). But the accompanying survey shows that while they reject hate speech and disinformation, there is a certain willingness to accept cyberbullying as given. This is echoed in the focus groups where participants’ advice is often to ignore hateful messages, rather than do something about them. However, the groups do discuss many other strategies in coming to terms with and combatting cyberbullying and disinformation. Rarely do they reflect the motivations that lie behind such behavior. It was also interesting to note that disinformation is mainly discussed with regards to online rather than traditional media." (Executive summary) more

The Debunking Handbook 2020 Quick Overview

The Debunking Handbook 2020
Quick Overview