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Freedom on the Net 2022: Countering an Authoritarian Overhaul of the Internet

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2022), 46 pp.

"1. Global internet freedom declined for the 12th consecutive year. The sharpest downgrades were documented in Russia, Myanmar, Sudan, and Libya. Following the Russian military’s illegal and unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, the Kremlin dramatically intensified its ongoing efforts to suppress domest ... ic dissent and accelerated the closure or exile of the country’s remaining independent media outlets. In at least 53 countries, users faced legal repercussions for expressing themselves online, often leading to draconian prison terms. 2 Governments are breaking apart the global internet to create more controllable online spaces. A record number of national governments blocked websites with nonviolent political, social, or religious content, undermining the rights to free expression and access to information. A majority of these blocks targeted sources located outside of the country. New national laws posed an additional threat to the free flow of information by centralizing technical infrastructure and applying flawed regulations to social media platforms and user data. 3. China was the world’s worst environment for internet freedom for the eighth consecutive year. Censorship intensified during the 2022 Beijing Olympics and after tennis star Peng Shuai accused a high-ranking Chinese Communist Party (CCP) official of sexual assault. The government continued to tighten its control over the country’s booming technology sector, including through new rules that require platforms to use their algorithmic systems to promote CCP ideology. 4. A record 26 countries experienced internet freedom improvements. Despite the overall global decline, civil society organizations in many countries have driven collaborative efforts to improve legislation, develop media resilience, and ensure accountability among technology companies. Successful collective actions against internet shutdowns offered a model for further progress on other problems like commercial spyware. 5. Internet freedom in the United States improved marginally for the first time in six years. There were fewer reported cases of targeted surveillance and online harassment during protests compared with the previous year, and the country now ranks ninth globally, tied with Australia and France. The United States still lacks a comprehensive federal privacy law, and policymakers made little progress on the passage of other legislation related to internet freedom. Ahead of the November 2022 midterm elections, the online environment was riddled with political disinformation, conspiracy theories, and online harassment aimed at election workers and officials. 6. Human rights hang in the balance amid a competition to control the web. Authoritarian states are vying to propagate their model of digital control around the world. In response, a coalition of democratic governments has increased the promotion of online human rights at multilateral forums, outlining a positive vision for the internet. However, their progress remains hampered by problematic internet freedom practices in their own countries." (Key findings) more

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Brennpunkt Westafrika: Die Fluchtursachen und was Europa tun sollte

Olaf Bernau

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2022), 317 pp.

"Westafrika wird in Europa oft undifferenziert als Krisenregion wahrgenommen. Während fundierte Kenntnisse über die Geschichte und Gegenwart der dortigen Staaten vielfach fehlen, halten sich Stereotype über die Ursachen von Flucht und Migration in und aus Westafrika zäh. Der Soziologe Olaf Berna ... more

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Disinformation studies: Perspectives from an emerging field

João Carlos Correia, Pedro Jerónimo, Inês Amaral (eds.)

Covilhã: Universidade da Beira Interior; LabCom (2022), 299 pp.

"It all started at the ECREA 2021 Post Conference “Disinformation Studies: Perspectives to An Emerging Research Field”, which took place online, on September 10, 2021. The debate there quickly widened and was joined by other colleagues. The book that we bring you here is the result of part of th ... more

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Indirect and Direct Subsidies for Media: The European Experience

Milan F. Živkovic, Karolina Leakovic

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 22 pp.

"This report presents four models of direct media subsidies in Europe: from Serbia, Croatia, Sweden and the European Union as well as an overview of reduced VAT rates for newspapers, digital publications and periodicals in EU countries and Serbia. In recent years, the value of direct state aid for m ... more

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Digital Platform Regulation: Global Perspectives on Internet Governance

Terry Flew, Fiona R. Martin (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2022), xvii, 319 pp.

"Once a specialised and niche field within internet and digital media studies, internet governance has in recent years moved to the forefront of policy debate. In the wake of scandals such as Cambridge Analytica and the global 'techlash' against digital monopolies, platform studies are undergoing a ... more

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The Law of Global Digitality

Matthias C. Kettemann, Alexander Peukert, Indra Spiecker (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2022), xiii, 258 pp.

"The book compares six different areas of law that have been particularly exposed to global digitality, namely laws regulating consumer contracts, data protection, the media, fnancial markets, criminal activity and intellectual property law. Comparing how these very different areas of law have evolv ... more

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Navigating Copyright for Libraries: Purpose and Scope

Jessica Coates, Victoria Owen, Susan Reilly (eds.)

Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Saur (2022), vii, 547 pp.

"This book, produced on behalf of the IFLA Copyright and other Legal Matters (CLM) Advisory Committee, provides basic and advanced information about copyright, outlines limitations and exceptions, discusses communicating with users and highlights emerging copyright issues. The chapters note the sign ... more

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Understanding the Infodemic of Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories

Daria B. Kazarinova

Russia in Global Affairs, volume 20, issue 2 (2022), pp. 83-104

"The article analyzes the QAnon phenomenon and the anti-vaxxer movement of COVID-19 deniers as typological manifestations of conspiratorial “alternative rationality.” A number of hypotheses have been proposed: during a pandemic and a parallel infodemic, conspiracy thinking quickly becomes transb ... more

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How Platforms Respond to Human Rights Conflicts Online: Best Practices in Weighing Rights and Obligations in Hybrid Online Orders

Matthias C. Kettemann (ed.)

Hamburg: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung; Global Digital Human Rights Network (GDHRNet) (2022), 187 pp.

"Platforms have power. But this power is not unchecked. Governments have an important role to play in protecting their citizens' rights vis-à-vis third parties and ensuring a communication order in which rights are not violated. (And in addition, of course, they need to respect human rights themsel ... more

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Die Zukunft von Privatheit und Selbstbestimmung: Analysen und Empfehlungen zum Schutz der Grundrechte in der digitalen Welt

Alexander Roßnagel, Michael Friedewald (eds.)

Springer Vieweg (2022), xxiii, 304 pp.

"Die in diesem Open-Access-Buch zusammengeführten interdisziplinären Untersuchungen des „Forums Privatheit“ gehen der Frage nach, wie sich die Verwirklichungsbedingungen von Privatheit und Selbstbestimmung durch die Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche radikal ändern. Nahezu jede Lebensregung ... more

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Russian Information Warfare

Russian Analytical Digest, issue 282 (2022), 23 pp.

"Over the past decade, Vladimir Putin’s Russia has employed unorthodox foreign policy tools with increasing frequency, intensity, and success. Perhaps the most effective of these tactics has been the use of information warfare designed to affect decision-making in countries Russia considers to be ... more

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Risk Communication and Community Engagement Approaches During the Monkeypox Outbreak in Europe, 2022

Ben Duncan, Cristiana Salvi

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022), 11 pp.

"This document is intended for health authorities designing RCCE interventions in the context of the current monkeypox outbreak in Europe. It supplements the ‘Interim advice on Risk Communication and Community Engagement during the monkeypox outbreak in Europe, 2022’ jointly published by ECDC an ... more

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Risk Communication and Community Engagement: A Compendium of Case Studies in Times of COVID-19

Copenhagen: World Health Organization (WHO) (2022), ix, 104 pp.

"This collection of case studies on risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) from 18 different country/ area level public health partners in the WHO European Region provides evidence of numerous results achieved and lessons learned since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. RCCE has not tra ... more

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Towards a Safer and More Free Internet: Expert Opinion on the Draft Digital Services Act

Henrike Weiden

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2022), 29 pp.

"With the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) package, the European Union will adopt what is probably the most significant international standard-setting project besides the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It is expected that the DSA will have far-reaching impact ... more

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Disinformation on Refugees from Ukraine: Boosting Europe’s Resilience After Russia’s Invasion

Alberto-Horst Neidhardt

Brussels: European Policy Centre (2022), 35 pp.

"The war in Ukraine is just the latest instance where attention-grabbing events have fuelled the rapid spread of false or misleading news about refugees and migrants. This Issue Paper examines the challenges posed by disinformation about refugees from Ukraine, as well as the responses taken so far t ... more

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The Global State of Democracy: Forging Social Contracts in a Time of Discontent

Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) (2022), viii, 52 pp.

"The fourth edition of the Global State of Democracy Report comes at a time when democracy is under both literal and figurative assault around the world. The steady drumbeat of such warnings—included in the previous edition of this report, which was produced at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic� ... more

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Towards a Digital Development Partnership That Meets African Interests

Benedikt Erforth, Kerstin Fritzsche

Washington, DC: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2022), 24 pp.

"Africa has become a linchpin in the EU’s ambitions to support economic development, particularly through digital transformation. The February 2022 EU-African Union (AU) Summit will provide an opportunity to present the EU’s Global Gateway not only in opposition to China’s Belt and Road Initia ... more

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Podcast Production and Marketing Strategies on the Main Platforms in Europe, North America, and Latin America: Situation and Perspectives

María de la Peña Mónica Pérez Alaejos, Raúl Terol Bolinches, Andrés Barrios Rubio

Profesional de la Información, volume 31, issue 5: e310522 (2022), 16 pp.

"After an initial period of independent amateurism strongly conditioned by the technologies available, the podcast has achieved significant global popular recognition, as well as an increasingly important professional dimension thanks to the emergence and spread of new distribution platforms (podcas ... more

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Tinker, Tailor, Twitter, Lie: Government Disinformation and Freedom of Expression in a Post-Truth Era

Katie Pentney

Human Rights Law Review, volume 22, issue 1 (2022), pp. 1-29

"The spread of disinformation has received significant attention in recent years, yet little has been paid to government disinformation, and whether governments may violate freedom of expression not only in how they regulate disinformation, but also in how they facilitate, sow and spread it. This ar ... more

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The Strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation 2022
Key Guidance

European Commission (2022), 40 pp.

"The Code of Practice on Disinformation is a first-of-its kind tool through which relevant players in the industry agreed - for the first time in 2018 - on self-regulatory standards to fight disinformation. Its revision process was launched in June 2021 and, after the signature and presentation of t ... more

The Strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation 2022 Key Guidance

The Strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation 2022
Key Guidance