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Unwarranted Interference, Fear and Self-censorship among Journalists in Council of Europe Member States

Marilyn Clark, Anna Grech

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 221-226

"Journalists may be exposed to a number of risk factors for unwarranted interference. This is often compounded by a culture of impunity. The extent of unwarranted interference, the experience of fear associated with such interference, and the consequent possibility of self-censorship among journalis ... more

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Case Study on ICT and Human Rights (Policies of EU)

Rikke Frank Jørgensen, Anja Møller Pedersen, Wolfgang Benedek, Reinmar Nindler

European Commission (2017), x, 95 pp.

"The first part of the study focuses on the EU’s internal policies in the field of online content regulation. Drawing on case-studies of three EU directives – Directive 2000/31/EC on e-commerce, Directive 2011/93/EU on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child porn ... ography and Directive 2004/48/EC on intellectual property rights enforcement – the study seeks to illustrate how dealing with alleged illegal content through blocking, filtering and take-down of content within co- and self-regulatory frameworks shaped around ‘Internet intermediaries’ challenge freedom of expression and information. The directives presuppose, accept or encourage self-regulation and, combined with schemes of limited liability, subject the intermediaries to an increasing pressure to implement public policy in the online domain. However, these practices and their limitations to freedom of expression are rarely framed as human rights issues, nor do they have the required safeguards. Based on analysis of the EU directives, the study explores the weaknesses – seen from a human rights perspective – of the European approach towards tackling illegal content on the Internet. The study provides a number of suggestions to ensure that the EU addresses the human rights implications of co- and self-regulation, including the strengthening of safeguards and guidance for Member States and intermediaries to implement the said EU policy. Also, the study calls for a comprehensive EU freedom of expression and information framework, covering both its internal and external policy. In line with this, the EU should consider the freedom of expression and information implications of current and new policies when reviewing them according to the Digital Single Market Strategy. The second part addresses the external policies of the EU with a focus on the protection and support of Human Rights Defenders using digital means (‘Digital Defenders’). For this purpose, EU policies and instruments of relevance for Digital Defenders are analysed, including the implementation of the Internet Freedom Strategy and the No Disconnect Strategy. The programmes under the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights are reviewed with respect to their relevance for human rights activities online, taking into account the recent EU Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline. This part of the study also explores the related issues of the safety of journalists (which are often citizen journalists), export control of surveillance technology by the EU Member States and the cooperation with other international organisations active in the field of online rights. Proposals are offered on how to improve the general environment for Digital Defenders and their right to freedom of expression and information, and how to improve the coherence of EU action in this field. The newly created Human Rights Defenders Mechanism can play a pivotal role in this regard, as could updated EU Guidelines on human rights defenders." (Executive summary) more

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Comparative Study on Blocking, Filtering and Take-Down of Illegal Internet Content

Council of Europe (2017), 31 pp.

"The study consists, essentially, of two main parts. The first part represents a compilation of country reports for each of the Council of Europe member states. It presents a more detailed analysis of the laws and practices in respect of filtering, blocking and takedown of illegal content on the int ... more

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Supporting the Media: State Measures Around the World

Elena Perotti, Ilaria Fevola

Paris: WAN-IFRA (2017), 43 pp.

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The Emotional Toll on Journalists Covering the Refugee Crisis

Anthony Feinstein, Hannah Storm

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2017), 39 pp.

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La couverture médiatique des élections: Le cadre légal en Europe

Ernesto Apa, Marco Bassini, Anne Bruna et al.

Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2017), 135 pp.

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Blasphemy and Freedom of Expression: Comparative, Theoretical and Historical Reflections After the Charlie Hebdo Massacre

Jeroen Temperman, András Koltay (eds.)

Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press (2017), xix, 740 pp.

"The tension between blasphemy laws and the freedom of expression in modern times is a key area of debate within legal academia and beyond. With contributions by leading scholars, this volume compares blasphemy laws within a number of Western liberal democracies and debates the legitimacy of these l ... more

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Information Warfare: New Security Challenge for Europe

Tomás Cižik

Bratislava: Centre for European and North Atlantic Affairs (CENAA) (2017), 140 pp.

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Der neue Fischer Weltalmanach 2018: Schwerpunkt Pressefreiheit

Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag (2017), 736 pp.

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Media coverage of the “refugee crisis”: A cross-European perspective

Myria Georgiou, Rafal Zaborowski

Council of Europe (2017), 20 pp.

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Google Scholar (14)

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Public Policies in Media and Information Literacy in Europe: Cross-Country Comparisons

Divina Frau-Meigs, Irma Velez, Julieta Flores Michel (eds.)

New York; London: Routledge (2017), 304 pp.

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Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making
Top Insights

Claire Wardle, Hossein Derakhshan

Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2017), 107 pp.

"This report provides a new framework for policy-makers, legislators, researchers, technologists and practitioners working on the theoretical and practical challenges related to mis-, dis- and mal-information — the three elements of information disorder. While the historical impact of rumours and ... more

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Freedom of the Press 2017: Press Freedom’s Dark Horizon
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Jennifer Dunham

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2017), 28 pp.

"Press freedom worldwide deteriorated to its lowest point in 13 years in 2016, driven by unprecedented threats to journalists and media outlets in major democracies, intensified crackdowns on independent media in authoritarian settings, and moves by the Russian and Chinese regimes to increase their ... more

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WorldCat (9)

Streitgespräch. Google-Förderung: Ziemlich beste Feinde

Lorenz Matzat, Yannick Dillinger

Medium Magazin, issue 2 (2017), pp. 50-53

"Dürfen Medien eigene Projekte von Googles Digital News Initiative finanzieren lassen, führt das zur journalistischen „Schere im Kopf“? Wir haben stellvertretend für die Pro- und Contra-Lager in der Branche Lorenz Matzat (lokaler.de) und Yannick Dillinger (,‚Schwäbische Zeitung“) zum Str ... more

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Concentration of Media Ownership and Freedom of Expression: Global Standards and Implications for the Americas

Toby Mendel, Angel García Castillejo, Gustavo Gómez

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 33 pp.

"The idea of rules limiting concentration of media ownership is often cast by media owners as a restriction on their right to freedom of expression. Unfortunately, the behaviour of States in Latin America has often lent support to this perspective, especially when States abuse for political ends the ... more

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Perspectives from the Global Entertainment and Media Outlook 2017–2021: Curtain Up! User Experience Takes Center Stage

Price Waterhouse Coopers (pwc) (2017), 40 pp.

"To thrive in a marketplace that is increasingly competitive, slower-growing, and dependent on personal recommendations, companies must develop strategies that engage, grow, and monetize their most valuable customers — i.e., their fans. To do so, they must combine excellent content with breadth an ... more

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Ctrl + Z: The Right to be Forgotten

Meg Leta Jones

New York; London: New York University Press (2016), xiii, 269 pp.

"The central thesis of Crtl+Z is that a digital right to be forgotten is an innovative idea with a lot of possibilities and potential. The idea simply needs to be opened up, reframed, and restructured. The extreme options currently on the table limit the many ways to think about digital redemption a ... more

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Seminar Combating Sexist Hate Speech. Report, 10-12 February 2016, European Youth Centre, Strasbourg

Council of Europe (2016), 51 pp.

"The Council of Europe Seminar, Combating Sexist Hate Speech, brought together a group of around 60 participants, including human rights and women’s rights activists, youth leaders, journalists and policy makers to challenge sexist hate speech, its causes, forms and consequences, and to propose so ... more

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Internet Governance: Council of Europe Strategy 2016-2019

Council of Europe (2016), 22 pp.

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2016 Global NGO Online Technology Report

Nonprofit Tech for Good; Public Interest Registry (2016), 12 pp.

"[This] report is an inaugural effort to gain a better understanding of how non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide use online technology to communicate with their supporters and donors. Over the last two decades the NGO sector has embraced Internet technology, but at varying speeds based up ... more

Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making Top Insights

Freedom of the Press 2017: Press Freedom’s Dark Horizon Top Insights

Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making
Top Insights

Freedom of the Press 2017: Press Freedom’s Dark Horizon
Top Insights