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Country Report: “Media and Gender in Cambodia”

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) Asia-Pacific (2015), 27 pp.

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Media Indicators 2015: A Thorough Study from a Journalists’ Point of View on Kosovo’s Media Freedom and Conditions

Civil Rights Defenders (2015), 56 pp.

"The main objective of the study was to determine and examine the perception of journalists in Kosovo on freedom of media, based on 27 indicators of the European Council. The analysis is categorized in six sectors, covering all areas of the study that pertain significant information on the perceptio ... more

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Oral Tradition of Jainism Discourse in the Wake of Digital and Social Media: A Communication Study of Jain Mendicants and Lay People

Komal Shah

Religion and Social Communication, volume 13, issue 2 (2015), pp. 159-173

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Making Secondary Trauma a Primary Issue: A Study of Eyewitness Media and Vicarious Trauma on the Digital Frontline

Sam Dubberley, Elizabeth Griffin, Haluk Mert Bal

Istanbul: Eyewitness Media Hub (2015), 69 pp.

"The rapid and incredible growth of eyewitness media (also known as user-generated content or UGC) has led to the emergence of a new cadre of journalists, humanitarian and human rights professionals whose job it is to seek out, verify and edit the most disturbing and traumatic raw images captured by ... non professionals and posted online. These professionals are tasked with viewing and sifting through massive volumes of eyewitness media - that is, raw, unedited, authentic footage now captured regularly on smartphones - to enhance their investigations, reporting, operations, prosecutions and advocacy. Professionals who work with eyewitness media watch disturbing footage from war zones, natural and manmade disasters and accidents over and over again to verify its veracity and to edit out images that are deemed too extreme for viewing by the general public. Viewing traumatic images of death, destruction, blood and unimaginable horrors all day every day - often for years on end - is now an integral part of the daily work of many desk-bound staff working for news, human rights and humanitarian organisations who are often located thousands of miles away from where the actual horrors occur. Whether it is a broadcaster, publisher, human rights or humanitarian professional, symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are now evident amongst staff working in offices on what we call the digital frontline. This study builds upon previous research that proved that viewing distressing eyewitness media can lead psychological injury, including, but not restricted to, such conditions as PTSD and major depression. The principle aim of this research is to explore the following questions: How much distressing eyewitness media are professionals, who work in the three professional sectors, watching? How frequently, and in what volumes are professionals viewing distressing eyewitness media? What kinds of eyewitness media do professionals find particularly distressing?" What coping mechanisms, if any, have been developed by staff to help mitigate the potentially negative effects of viewing distressing content? - What support, if any, do professionals receive from their organisations and senior managers? - Does organisational culture encourage or prevent professionals from requesting support from their organisation’s hierarchy? What training and preparation is provided to raise awareness of or mitigate the adverse impact of trauma exposure on university graduates, newcomers and those established in post? What resources do organisations provide to prevent, mitigate and treat the adverse impact of trauma exposure? Which of those resources have been used? Which are found to be the most useful? What do staff who experience vicarious trauma need and expect from their organisations in order to support them? Based on an online survey (to which we received 209 responses from people working with eyewitness media across all three professional sectors) and 38 in-depth, anonymous interviews we find that: the impact of eyewitness media on journalism, human rights and humanitarian work means that the frontline is no longer geographic. A new type of frontline has emerged that is digital. Staff at an organisation’s headquarters who work with eyewitness media do so daily and often see more horror on a daily basis compared to their counterparts deployed in the field. Consequently, organisations have a duty of care towards office based staff working on the digital frontline who are at serious risk of vicarious trauma and PTSD [...] " (Executive summary, page 3-5) more

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Jordanian Journalists’ Awareness of the Concepts and Standards of Journalistic Quality Within Jordanian Media Institutions

Basim Mohammed Tweissi, Raid Jameel Suleiman, Aiman Sanad Al-Garrallah

Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, volume 8, issue 1 (2015), pp. 55-78

"This study aims to identify Jordanian journalists’ awareness of the basic concepts of journalistic professionalism by addressing four sets of media quality standards, as abstracted from several studies. Notable among those sets are journalistic content standards, the performance quality standards ... more

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Gender in the Myanmar Media Landscape. First Study: Yangon and Beyond

Dilrukshi Handunnetti

Stockholm: Fojo Media Institute (2015), 30 pp.

"Although female media practitioners are well-represented in newsrooms making up for over 50% of staff on average, media institutions remain male dominated on levels of decision making. This results in two main challenges for women within the industry: a lack of opportunity to advance their careers ... more

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Global Support for Principle of Free Expression, But Opposition to Some Forms of Speech

Richard Wike, Katie Simmons

Pew Research Center (2015), 58 pp.

"Although many observers have documented a global decline in democratic rights in recent years, people around the world nonetheless embrace fundamental democratic values, including free expression. A new Pew Research Center survey finds that majorities in nearly all 38 nations polled say it is at le ... more

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Civil War in Syria: The psychological effects on journalists

Anthony Feinstein, Stephen Starr

Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, volume 7, issue 1 (2015), pp. 57-64

"Purpose: More journalists died in Syria during 2013 than in any other country experiencing conflict. This statistic raises concerns about the psychological wellbeing of journalists covering the internecine violence. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: The study sample ... more

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Confronting Austerity: Financial and Employment Models in Journalism

Andreas K. Bittner

Brussels: European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) (2014), 34 pp.

"The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) and its national member organisations must be the driving force for the future of journalism. Whether this notion is realistic or not, it has been analysed by Dr. Andreas K. Bittner, an online journalist from Germany, who provides a sharp and forward-loo ... more

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Social Media, Culture and Politics in Asia

Lars Willnat, Annette Aw (eds.)

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2014), xi, 350 pp.

"Leading media scholars from nine Asian nations focus on three main questions: How frequently do Asians use social media to access and discuss political information? Does the use of social media increase political participation? What political, social and cultural factors influence the impact of soc ... more

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The Role of Mass Media in Building Perceptions of EU-GCC Relations and Related Impacts

Fatma Al Araimi, Cinzia Bianco

Sharaka (2014), 20 pp.

"This paper addresses the way the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region is presented in the EU media and vice versa, in a time in which perceptions and misperceptions could influence negatively the consistent flows of international investments that are instrumental to the diversification of the Gulf ... more

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Violence and Harassment Against Women in the News Media: A Global Picture

Alana Barton, Hannah Storm

Washington, DC; London: International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF);International News Safety Institute (INSI) (2014), 37 pp.

"This report is based on the findings of a global survey on harassment and violence against female media workers, which was launched in August 2013 and completed by almost 1,000 women from around the world. Nearly two-thirds of survey respondents said they had experienced some form of intimidation, ... more

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Reconnoitering the role of (citizen) journalism ethics in the emerging networked public sphere

Bruce Mutsvairo, Simon Columbus, Iris Leijendekker

African Journalism Studies, volume 35, issue 3 (2014), pp. 4-22

"This study surveys the ethical beliefs of citizen journalists in several sub-Saharan African countries. The research showed that they are driven by a sense of social responsibility and a wish to inform their readers and the general public. Citizen journalists show a clear anti-authoritarian strain ... more

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Journalists and Media Accountability: An International Study of News People in the Digital Age

Susanne Fengler, Colin Porlezza, Gianpietro Mazzoleni, Tobias Eberwein (eds.)

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2014), vii, 313 pp.

"Do existing structures of media accountability - such as press councils, codes of ethics, and ombudspersons - suffice, or do we urgently need new instruments and initiatives in today's converging media world? These questions were tackled in an international survey of 1,800 journalists in twelve Eur ... more

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Diagnóstico y propuesta para el fortalecimiento de los medios de comunicación públicos-estatales, locales y regionales

Lima: Consejo Consultivo de Radio y Televisión (CONCORTV) (2013), 54 pp.

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Outside In: The Practices and Perceptions of Iranian Diaspora Journalists

Magdalena Wojcieszak, Amy Brouillette, Briar Smith

Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication’s Iran Media Program (2013), 31 pp.

"Our findings are based on responses to an online questionnaire completed by 69 Iranian journalists living and working outside Iran. A majority of respondents surveyed left Iran after 2005 and work as journalists for online media outlets [...] Our research indicates that Iranian journalists living a ... more

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Los canales católicos de Hispanoamérica

Leandro Lanzotti

Rosario: Buena Nueva Comunicación (BNC) (2013), 22 pp.

"Este estudio consta de 53 preguntas sobre el personal de los canales, las audiencias, el financiamiento, la programación y las necesidades de formación del personal. Recibieron la encuesta 37 canales de televisión, de los cuales respondieron 23 en 15 países. En relación a los recursos humanos, ... more

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Zwischen Information und Mission. Journalisten in Afghanistan: Berufliche Einstellungen und Leistungen

Kefa Hamidi

Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 3, issue 2 (2013), 18 pp.

"Die Ermittlung der beruflichen Einstellungen geschah mittels einer vollstandardisierten Befragung, an der 195 Journalisten in Afghanistan teilnahmen. Eine Inhaltsanalyse in den drei wichtigsten afghanischen Zeitungen erbrachte eine Zusammenstellung der Leistungen von Journalisten. Der wichtigste Be ... more

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Pesquisa de opinião pública "Democratização da mídia"

Fundação Perseu Abramo (2013), 53 pp.

"Tendo por objetivo principal investigar as percepções da população brasileira sobre os meios de comunicação, abordou temas como o conhecimento sobre o grau de concentração da mídia e sobre o regime de concessões das TVs e rádios, a penetração da internet, a percepção sobre a neutrali ... more

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Youth in Iran: A Story Half Told. Values, Priorities and Perspectives of Iranian Youth

Klara Debeljak

Intermedia (2013), 32 pp.

"The purpose of this report is to contribute to a deeper understanding of Iranian youth as a whole, rather than focus on one particular segment. Specifically, this report aims to address the following questions: 1) What are the key values that underlie the attitudes and behaviour of Iranian youth an ... more