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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
71
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
50
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
49
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
48
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
26
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
25
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
22
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
21
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
11
Gender-Sensitive Journalism
11
Self-Censorship
10
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
10
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
9
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
9
Good Practice Examples
8
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
7
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
7
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
7
War Reporting
7
Feminism & Communication
7
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
7
Community Radio & Gender
6
Journalism Education & Training
6
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
5
Community Radios
5
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
5
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
5
Media Management
5
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
4
Censorship
4
Alternative Communication & Media
4
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
4
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
4
Countering Defamation & Harassment
4
Gender Media Studies & Feminist Communication Research
4
Journalism
4
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
4
Media Law & Regulation
4
Democracy / Democratization and Media
4
Monitoring
4
Communication Rights
3
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
3
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
3
Minority Journalists
3
Journalism Ethics
3
Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
3
Gender Relations
3
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
3
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
3
Investigative Journalism
3
Journalists
3
Photojournalism
3
Media & Information Literacy
3
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Communication & Media Indicators
3
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
2
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
2
Freedom of Expression
2
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
2
Community Media
2
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
2
Transitional Justice Reporting
2
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
2
Blogging, Blogs
2
Gender and ICTs / Internet
2
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
2
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
2
Women's Radio Programmes
2
Gender & Religious Communication
2
Gender-Sensitive Language
2
Women's Media
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Journalism Education Curricula
2
Journalistic Quality
2
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
News
2
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Local Television
2
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
2
Media & Communication Policies
2
Leadership, Leadership Development
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Islam and Communication
2
Research in Media & Communication
2
Non-Western Communication Approaches
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in Advertising
1
Television Advertising
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Media Diaries
1
Media Use, Media Consumption
1
Media Use: Children
1
Media Use: Lower Classes & Poor Population
1
Radio Use: Women
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Publishing
1
Puppetry
1
Film & Gender
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
War & Political Violence in Cinema
1
Nollywood
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
State Influence on the Media
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Community Informatics
1
Street Papers
1
Participatory Videos & Community Filmmaking
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Crime & Violence Reporting
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Values
1
Development and Media
1
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Digital Research Methods
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Political Blogging
1
Online Television
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Facebook
1
TikTok
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
Instagram
1
WhatsApp
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Gendered Disinformation
1
Audio Archives, Visual Archives, Media Archives
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
1
Political Parody and Satire
1
Sports Reporting
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Female News Sources
1
Gender and Radio
1
Gender Issues: Media Coverage
1
Women (General)
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
History of Media & Communication
1
First World War (1914-1918)
1
History of Television
1
History of the Press
1
Nazism
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Foreign Correspondents
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
International News Flow
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Satellite Television
1
Transnational Communication
1
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
1
UNESCO
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Journalists' Associations & Networks: International Cooperation & Assistance
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
1
Local Journalism
1
Print Journalism
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
1
Television Journalism
1
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Local Press
1
Media Assistance
1
Internews
1
Communication Networks
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Television Landscapes
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
1
Television Law & Regulation
1
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Diasporas
1
Cadwalladr, Carole (British Investigative Journalist)
1
Ressa, Maria
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Political Transition
1
Politics and Media
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Propaganda
1
Public Spheres
1
Newspapers
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Muslim Radio Broadcasting
1
Media Effects
1
Identification
1
Everyday Life
1
Socialization
1
Religion and Communication
1
Taliban
1
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Qualitative Research Methods
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
1
Civil Society
1
Rohingya
1
Participation
1
Inequalities
1
Dalits
1
Intranet
1
Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
TVE (Spain)
1
Television Contents
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Visual Cultures
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"This article analyses female journalists’ perceptions of their own role, their power in the newsroom, their influence over the news agenda and the challenges they face on a daily basis in two large media-saturated countries and emerging democracies, India and South Africa. India and South Africa ... more

Capítulo de género, igualdad y diversidad

Asociación Civil Comunicación para la Igualdad;SembraMedia, Centro Internacional para Periodistas (ICFJ) (2020), 58 pp.
"Based on interviews with 18 managers (8 female, 10 male) of media outlets in 12 countries, the research findings show that there is a wide range of motivations for media managers to promote gender equality in the workplace. The main argument used is the fact that the managers believe in gender equa ... more
"Representation of women in media has been a noted gender equity issue globally for decades. Given the increasing encroachments into press freedom in Melanesia, female journalists and media workers face serious challenges. With this in mind, the Melanesia Media Freedom Forum (MMFF) hosted a special ... more

A way to silence journalists? Estonian female journalists’ experiences with harassment and self-censorship

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 114-129
"The aim of the study is to investigate Estonian female journalists’ experiences with harassment resulting in self-censorship. We carried out three studies: one in 2015, a second in 2016 and a third one in 2018. The data were gathered by in-depth interviews (2015 and 2018), journalists’ diaries ... more

The “triple effect” silencing female journalists online. A theoretical exploration

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 100-113
"Online harassment of women journalists imposes self-censorship and threatens women’s participation in online journalism. This is of grave concern for the development of freedom of speech and plurality in the media (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe [OSCE], 2019). Part of this i ... more
"This study examines the experiences of female journalists in Nepal in the context of rapidly growing expansion of broadband Internet. By examining the findings of the qualitative in-depth interview of 48 female journalists, it argues that online platforms are threatening press freedom in Nepal, mai ... more
"This article, through conducting a study of the sexual harassment (SH) of media workers, investigates the extent and types of SH experienced by the editorial staff of Norwegian newsrooms at the time the #MeToo campaign arrived in Norway, and what effects such experiences have on journalists’ prof ... more
"In-depth interviews with 75 female journalists who work or have worked in Germany, India, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America reveal that they face rampant online gendered harassment that influences how they do their jobs. Many of the women report that if they aim to engage ... more

Risk perception and negotiation of safety among Ugandan female journalists covering political demonstrations

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 130-147
"Safety of female journalists in and beyond the newsroom continues to stimulate debate on how risky environments can trigger self-censorship among journalists, yet few studies have investigated women journalists’ experience of risk in specific work contexts. This chapter examines the perception of ... more

A Gender Analysis of the Media Landscape in Iraq

Washington, DC; London: Internews (2020), 35 pp.
"Corrupt practices, political financing and institutionalised patriarchal systems have seen the media fail to provide equitable coverage of women’s issues or indeed include women as decision-makers organisationally. Both the audience and media stakeholders are acutely aware of the lack of ethical ... more

Latinx Feminist Activism for the Safety of Women Journalists

In: The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Communication
Marnel Niles Goins; Joan Faber McAlister; Bryant Keith Alexander (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), 10 pp.
"Gender-based violence against women journalists has increased dramatically, both offline and online. These professionals face more barriers to performing their roles in safe conditions. Slow progress has been made by governments and news media industries to protect women journalists. Most of the pr ... more

Safety of Female Journalists Online: A #SOFJO Resource Guide

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2020), 231 pp.
"Online harassment and abuse against women journalists has become a major hazard to the profession. One that threatens women journalists’ ability to do their jobs. It violates their right to freedom of expression as much as it hampers free and open access to information for all members of society. ... more
"Female journalists make up only between five to 10 percent of the total journalists in Indonesia. Consequently, this often gives women little bargaining power in the workplace. This research analyzes the prevalence and nature of sexual harassment experienced by Indonesian female journalists, as wel ... more
"This report identifies five major challenges for developing national plans for safety of journalists and how stakeholders are tackling them. The points addressed concern gaining engagement around safety of journalists by state actors, uniting and focusing efforts of disparate stakeholders into a du ... more
"In this RISJ factsheet we analyse the gender break-down of top editors in a strategic sample of 200 major online and offline news outlets in ten different markets across four continents.Looking at a sample of ten top online news outlets and ten top offline news outlets in each of these ten markets, ... more

Achieving Gender Equality and Promoting Diversity in the European Audiovisual Sector: Good Practice Handbook

Association of Commercial Television in Europe (ACT);Association of European Radios (AER);European Broadcasting Union (EBU);European Audiovisual Production Association (CEPI);European Federation of Journalists (EFJ);International Federation of Actors (FIA);International Federation of Film Producers Associations (FIAPF);International Federation of Musicians (FIM);UNI Europa – Media, Entertainment & Arts (EURO-MEI) (2020), 70 pp.
"The range of actions that social partners and audiovisual stakeholders can take to improve gender equality and diversity is broad. From ambitious strategies and plans to smaller-scale initiatives that have a direct impact on the organisation of work. The good practices presented in this report have ... more

Egalité et diversité dans le secteur audiovisuel européen: Manuel de bonnes pratiques

Partenaires Sociaux du Comité de Dialogue Social Européen Dans le Secteur Audiovisuel (2020), 77 pp.
"L’éventail des actions que les partenaires sociaux et les autres acteurs du secteur peuvent mettre en oeuvre pour promouvoir l’égalité des sexes et la diversité est vaste. Il couvre aussi bien des stratégies coordonnées et à long terme que des actions à plus petite échelle qui ont un i ... more

Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und Förderung der Vielfalt im europäischen audiovisuellen Sektor: Handbuch bewährter Praktiken

Association of Commercial Television in Europe (ACT);Verband der europäischen Radios (AER), Europäische Rundfunkunion (EBU), Europäischer Verband für audiovisuelle Produktion (CEPI), Europäischer Journalistenverband (EFJ), Internationaler Verband der Schauspieler (FIA), Internationaler Verband der Filmproduzentenverbände (FIAPF), Internationaler Verband der Musiker (FIM), UNI Europa - Medien, Unterhaltung & Kunst (EURO-MEI) (2020), 79 pp.
"Das Spektrum der Maßnahmen, die Sozialpartner und Interessenvertreter des audiovisuellen Sektors ergreifen können, um die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und die Vielfalt zu verbessern, ist breit. Von ehrgeizigen Strategien und Plänen bis hin zu kleineren Initiativen, die sich direkt auf die Arb ... more