"The study found that there is a widespread preference towards local media as people feel that these media outlets provide them with information relevant to their local communities and daily lives. Television is a preferred medium for consuming news but social media, and Facebook in particular, is c
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atching up. A culture of sharing news and information ensures that even people without access to Facebook know of the platform and get updates through friends and family. People’s trust in media differs but with many preferring state-owned media to deliver trustworthy and reliable news and information. Some news consumers showcase a natural skepticism towards news and information, but limited access to reliable information makes it difficult for them to verify what they read, see or hear. Despite some people’s ability to critically reflect on the information they encounter, the level of media literacy in Myanmar remains low with many finding it difficult to decipher media content and grasp the role and purpose of media and news. Based on the findings, the report ends with 12 recommendations. Six are directed towards the Myanmar media industry, journalists and other content producers while the remaining six are targeted at media development organizations and learning institutions." (Executive summary)
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"This rapid review synthesises data from academic, policy and NGO sources on the role media can play in creating/easing tensions between refugees and the host community, and within the host community itself. Acknowledging the importance media can play in perceptions, and considering the confessional
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and political nature of the media, the review also maps the media/social media in Lebanon and highlights some successes in utilising media to ease tensions. Key findings are as follows: Due to the Lebanese media being party-controlled or linked it has a political message and focuses on one confessional group, therefore it is often negative towards refugees and Lebanese citizens from other confessions, thus creating tensions. In a survey carried out in 2016 by UNHCR 29% of the Lebanese respondents highlighted that media has a strong impact on the perception of refugees. More than two thirds of the respondents acknowledged that discussions in the media trigger reactions against refugees, and that the Lebanese media reports negative stories about refugees (Alsharabati, 2017: 15-16). In a discourse analysis of Lebanese media conducted in February 2015, topics that can be perceived as viewing refugees in a negative light formed the majority of the reporting and also often had a negative tone. However, humanitarian stories about refugees were also reported, often in a positive tone (Sakada et al., 2015). In 2013 a UNDP-led pact, entitled "Journalists' Pact for Strengthening Civil Peace in Lebanon", was signed by 34 media institutions. The idea behind the pact was to create more ethics in Lebanese journalism, enhance neutrality, depoliticise reporting, increase accuracy, and create responsibility for reporting." (Overview, page 2)
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"This report explores the recent trajectory of South African news with a specific focus on the economic sustainability of news media. Digital news consumption on mobile phone, and especially via Social Media on Smart Phones (SMSP) is fracturing audiences and reducing traditional sources of revenue.
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Printed newspapers in particular are starting to close and will be closing, this report suggests, at an accelerated rate, and while the past two or three years have seen a revival in important national-level political reporting, local and community media is increasingly losing the struggle to survive. Dozens of community papers have closed in 2015-2017, some after many decades of publishing. The Times in Johannesburg closed in January 2018. Many others will follow. In addition, as this report explores, much of the best current journalism produced in South Africa is currently financed by grants and donations from international foundations. The disruption of the news industry by digital technology has, in South Africa, been exacerbated by political manipulation of news media, including, as this report explores, a multi-pronged attack on media coordinated by what the report describes as the Zuma-centred power elite (after the 2017 PARI report “How South Africa is being Stolen”)." (Executive summary)
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"Este libro pretende plantear, cuando menos, algunas preguntas sobre el problema de las audiencias: ¿cuál es el efecto y el impacto que estas nuevas formas de categorizar a las audiencias pueden tener en la propia industria de los medios y los mercados de la comunicación? ¿Qué corrientes de est
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udio alrededor de las audiencias nos pueden ayudar mejor para explicar este fenómeno? ¿Cuáles han quedado relegadas dentro de esta transformación comunicativa? Además, su interés es mostrar los retos teóricos e investigativos que implica hoy pensar las audiencias, y ofrecer al lector una introducción extensa al problema. Su objetivo es ampliar el debate, moviéndolo de un escenario fragmentado en las visiones sobre la audiencia a uno integrador, que acerca a los investigadores a tener consideraciones que vinculan diferentes preguntas y que permiten acercarse de mejor manera a los individuos, más que a la cuantificación de sus consumos." (Descripción de la casa editorial)
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"As before, the popularity of TV among older viewers (46+) greatly contributes to its leading position in the media consumption totals. As usual, residents in the western regions comprise the largest TV audience among all regions of Ukraine. 1+1 and Inter remain the most popular TV channels in the c
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ountry. Digital (internet) media remains the most popular news source among younger audiences, with internet users aged 18-45 years preferring news sites, and youth (up to 35 years old) – social networks. As before, most consumers prefer news aggregators (like ukr.net) over other digital media outlets. The social media consumption patterns keep changing – the Facebook audience is gradually growing, while the Russian social networks have lost their leading positions.The levels of trust in both national and regional media have increased in all media categories. This trend was observed in all regions of Ukraine. Public trust in Russian media remains low - in fact, levels of trust in Russian TV, radio and press continue to decrease year in and year out since 2014." (Key findings, page 5)
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"About two-thirds of Turkish adults (65.0%) currently say they go online for news at least weekly. Among Kurdish speakers, that figure is much higher at 70.8%. Half of all residents (50.2%) say they use newspapers or magazines for news every week. While four in five adults (80.5%) say they get news
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from friends or family members at least weekly. Almost all households in Turkey (98.0%) have a working TV set, and most have a computer (72.9%) and internet access (83.9%) via computer or mobile device." (Page 2)
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"This study shows that the use of media in Iraq is only partly based on ethno-sectarian patterns, and that the majority of media users are not naively susceptible to the views of individual media offerings. There are broadcasters that explicitly appeal to ethno-denominational target groups, and ther
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e are user groups that follow only one broadcaster in a monothematic fashion. However, the majority of the public seems to be interested in the interpretations of reality by different camps and therefore receives and compares different media offerings. As a result, it is possible that biased reporting achieves the opposite of its intended effect. Instead of gaining more support in the public for certain positions, the partisan channel loses its credibility and thus its effectiveness, as well. From this standpoint, a departure from partisan and biased reporting would be in the interest of both media users, a majority of whom are critical of biased reporting, and media producers, who would also strengthen their position in the public by attaining greater credibility. One could object here that the results of the study are based on the self-assessments and self-perception of the respondents, and therefore do not reflect real behavior but social expectations. Conversely, however, this would mean that the majority of the respondents perceive anti-sectarian use of the media as a social expectation they would like to fulfill. This too would only reinforce the conclusions stated here." (Final remarks, page 21)
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"Compared to five years ago, internet penetration rose in all six countries surveyed and most dramatically in Jordan, Lebanon, and Tunisia. Smartphone ownership tracks closely with internet use in the six surveyed countries. Nearly all nationals in Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE own a sma
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rtphone compared with 83% of Jordanians and 65% of Tunisians. Use of Arabic online has increased proportionally with the increase in internet users. In comparison, use of the internet in English remains essentially flat, 25% in 2013 and 28% in 2017, despite the increase in internet use. As internet penetration rises, nationals are less likely to be using offline media platforms compared with 2013. Most nationals still watch TV, but the rate declined modestly since 2013 (98% in 2013 vs. 93% in 2017). Rates of newspaper readership, however, declined more sharply from 47% in 2013 to 25% in 2017. Radio and magazines also declined in popularity since 2013 (radio: 59% in 2013 vs. 49% in 2017; magazines: 26% in 2013 vs. 19% in 2017)." (Executive summary, page 10)
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"Although television is still the number one media for Ukrainians, it continues to lose its audience share. The positions taken by other traditional media (e.g. radio, print) remain stable. The growth in the size of the online population has stagnated and the number of internet users and those getti
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ng news from social networks has decreased, which could have been caused by restrictions to access to popular social networks and websites in Ukraine (e.g. VKontakte, Odnoklassniki). The share of passive media audience is increasing - over a one month period, a higher number of people did not use media to obtain news. This is especially true when it comes to younger audiences." (Key findings, page 5)
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"The Bougainville Audience Research Study is a comprehensive baseline study on the media and communication landscape in Bougainville. It offers key insights into the access and ownership of media and communication channels, and provides an in-depth picture of the audiences’ views and aspirations i
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n relation to the Bougainville Peace Agreement." (Introduction)
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"The Bougainville Audience Research Study seeks to increase understanding of the Information and Communication landscape in Bougainville [Papua new Guinea] for the Autonomous Bougainville Government (ABG). The research is designed to inform the development, implementation and evaluation of communica
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tion initiatives and awareness undertaken by ABG. The focus of the research is on understanding the access and use of media and communication channels by the people in communities, and to provide a voice for their understandings and concerns with regards to the Bougainville Peace Agreement (BPA) and the upcoming Referendum. The study was undertaken by the Centre for Social and Creative Media (CSCM) at the University of Goroka. As part of the study 16 field researchers from Bougainville were trained in research design and data collection. The study used a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods. It presents a baseline study that can be used to monitor changes in the media and communication landscape in the years to come. As information and communication is key to most development and addressing social issues, it is hoped that this research study provides useful information to other government departments, non-government organisations, aid agencies and local groups and organisations. Above all, this reports aims to represent the voices of the audience, the people of Bougainville, as it captures their current situations and their aspirations." (Introduction)
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"Turks still have a large number of media outlets available to them, though press freedom is increasingly circumscribed. A significant portion of the population – especially among the better educated – express some degree of dissatisfaction with Turkish media. No single media outlet enjoys clear
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dominance. Widespread access to satellite TV and digital technologies means those who wish to can and do take advantage of foreign media. Among younger Turks, Internet has become the #1 platform for news. Attitudes towards the U.S. appear less negative than in much of the Islamic world, especially among younger Turks." (Key takeaways, Slide 45)
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"In Syria, television is the dominant media type with high usage and availability rates in all areas studied. Television is followed by online media, print media, and finally radio. Media aligned with the Syrian government are leading in government-controlled areas, and opposition-aligned media are
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leading in opposition areas. There are indications that media not clearly aligned with a particular camp have a following across the board. Pro-government and opposition audiences are deeply divided in their media following and in their perceptions about their communities. Being open to both media camps does not always translate into a stronger critical view of the media. Syrian audiences are confident that they are well-informed about the general geopolitical situation, but sometimes express less confidence that they are receiving adequate information regarding immediate local affairs." (Main findings, page 2)
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"Key takeaways: Internet use is increasing rapidly, but not replacing TV; Increases vary significantly by province; Internet trends will change as Iraqi government and ISIS vie for control of media." (Slide 32)
"Kurds live in a different media environment and rely primarily on Kurdish language TV; D
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ifferences in substantive interests; Historical differences in media access between Iraqi Kurdistan and rest of Iraq have disappeared; Facebook and other forms of social-media based news sharing are increasingly important." (Slide 46)
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"As in much of the Arab World, satellite TV is almost ubiquitous in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan, present in 97.9% of households (versus 31.5% with radio and 60.1% with the internet). Ethnic Kurds and those with a college degree are much more likely than other Iraqis to have internet access at home. Mor
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e than nine in 10 Iraqis (92.2%) have their own mobile phone, and 35% have accessed the internet via mobile device in the past week. The ongoing conflict has displaced many r esidents and has hindered their access to TV, radio, and the internet. More than one-third (36.0%) of Iraqis say that they have been “displaced” in the past 12 months due to instability. Despite the disruptions, Iraqis and Iraqi Kurds remain frequent news consumers. Almost 40% (37.6%) access news several times a day, while an additional 27.5% access it at least once a day. More than half (55.3%) share news with family, relatives, or other people at least daily. Weekly users of international news media are even more likely to access and share news daily." (Page 2)
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