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Journalism Ethics
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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
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Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
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Labour Market for Journalists
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
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Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Media Ownership
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Financing Media, Financial Media Management
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Voice of America
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Politics and Media
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Public Service Broadcasting
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Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
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Lobbying
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Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
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Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
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Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
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Media Industries
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Political Economy of Media
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Accountability & Transparency of the Media
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Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
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Good Practice Examples
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Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
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International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
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USA: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
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Windhoek Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (UNESCO, 1991)
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Journalism
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Financing Journalism
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Journalistic Quality
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Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
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Xinhua (News Agency, China)
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Print Journalism
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Political Reporting
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
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Radio Policies
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Media Law & Regulation
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Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
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Financing Public Service Media
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BBC
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National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
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Newspapers
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Weekend Nation (Weekly, Malawi)
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Public Media, State Media
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Gatekeeping Function of Media
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Corruption & Combating Corruption
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Al-Jazeera
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China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
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Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
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Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
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Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"National in scope, this survey of Kenyan journalists conducted in 2012–2013 (n = 504) examines job autonomy in news selection decisions, media freedom and predictors of journalistic autonomy. The research also investigates the relationship between Kenya’s media freedom and journalistic autonomy ... more
"We have noted profound transformations in the field of media freedom, which is making progress in certain areas, but losing ground in others. Media freedom is limited in particular by many legal restrictions on the right to impart information and ideas, although progress is being made with regard t ... more

Journalists in Thailand

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 5 pp.
"A majority of Thai journalists viewed all roles listed in the questionnaire as very or extremely important. The roles that ranked highest included to report things as they are (88.7%), to provide analysis of current affairs (85.5%), and to be a detached observer (82.1%) (see Table 1). There was lit ... more
"The Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) was established as Malawi's first national radio station when the country gained independence from Britain in 1964, partly with an ideological function of mobilising Malawians for the task of nation building. Since its inception, the broadcaster has been ac ... more

Journalists in Egypt

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 5 pp.
"Egyptian journalists' most important role orientations are to be a detached observer, to report things as they are, to provide information people need to make political decisions, to let people express their views, to motivate people to participate in political activity, and to provide analysis for ... more

Journalists in Brazil

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Brazilian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to be a detached observer, to let people express their views, and to provide analysis of current affairs (see Table 1). These resu ... more

Journalists in China

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 5 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Chinese journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to provide analysis of current affairs, to support national development, to provide advice, orientation and direction for daily life, and to be a detached observer. The relevanc ... more
"Alle großen Verlagshäuser der großen Leitmedien sind in Events involviert, bei denen Lobbyorganisationen mit im Boot sind. Von Anfang 2012 bis Ende 2015 gab es 59 derartige Veranstaltungen. Dies zeigt, dass es sich längst um ein umfassendes Phänomen handelt [...] Die Untersuchung zeigt weiterh ... more

Journalists in Qatar

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 4 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, journalists in Qatar found it most important to influence public opinion, to advocate for social change, to support national development, to report things as they naturally are, to be a detached observer and to support government policy. About half of ... more

Journalists in Estonia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"Four “classic” roles: to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, to educate the audience and provide news that attracts the largest audience are fairly unanimously seen as the most important among Estonian journalists, as the relatively low standard deviations suggest. Especially ... more

Journalists in South Korea

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, South Korean journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to provide analysis of current affairs, and to monitor and scrutinize business and political leaders. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interview ... more

Journalists in Serbia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Journalists in Serbia seriously believe in their role to inform, interpret, educate and advocate for social change. Nearly all of them, with very little divergence, say the main role of journalism is to report things as they are, followed by providing analysis, promoting tolerance and diversity, ed ... more
"Romanian journalists said that objectivity is the most important attribute of their work. They strongly believe that their job is to report events exactly the way they happened, without any external or internal intervention. The low standard deviations in these cases indicate that there is a high l ... more

Journalists in Mexico

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, the vast majority of journalists in Mexico found it extremely or very important to report things as they are, followed in second place by the role of promoting tolerance and cultural diversity, and the role of advocating for social change in third pla ... more

Journalists in Kosovo

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Kosovan journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, to provide analysis of current affairs, and to promote tolerance and cultural diversity. The relevance of these “classic” roles was fairly undispu ... more

Journalists in Bangladesh

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"While answering questions about their professional roles, journalists in Bangladesh preferred being assertive with social issues. An overwhelming majority of the Bangladeshi journalists work to promote tolerance and cultural diversity (87.0%). They also put importance on advocacy for social change ... more

Journalists in Argentina

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Argentinian journalists found it most important to report things as they were, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to provide analysis of current affairs, and to let people express their views (see Table 1). A majority of journalists in Argen ... more
"With regard to professional role orientations, South African journalists found it most important to report things as they are (92.5%), to educate the audience (86.8%), and to let people express their views (84.6%). The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists ... more

Journalists in Bhutan

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Bhutanese journalists view their professional roles in very similar ways to Western journalists. The reason for this can partly be found in Bhutan’s effort to orientate its media on the media of Western democracies and therefore emphasize the “detached watchdog” role. “Report things as they ... more

Journalists in Hong Kong

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Hong Kong journalists treated as most important the roles of monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders, reporting things as they are, monitoring and scrutinizing businesses, providing analysis of current affairs, and letting people express their views. Given the emphasis on monitoring the power ... more