"Cyber bullying has become a topical issue among school learners in South Africa. However, there is very little guidance for schools on how to deal with cyber bullying from the South African Department of Basic Education. This study investigated the perceptions of cyber bullying in primary and secon
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dary schools among student teachers in the Eastern Cape. The study made use of a quantitative survey approach to collect data from 150 student teachers at a university in the Eastern Cape. The student teachers were representative of all four of the school phases. The results indicated that cyber bullying is a serious issue at the schools but that the topic has not been incorporated into policy or the school curriculum yet. The recommendation of the study is that the South African Department of Basic Education must provide a standardized policy that schools can use to implement and enforce cyber safety behavior in the schools." (Abstract)
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"This report presents a snapshot of the first substantial findings from a global survey about online violence against women journalists conducted by UNESCO and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020. Over 900 validated participants from 125 countries completed the survey in Ara
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bic, English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. The findings shared here reflect the input of the 714 respondents identifying as women. 73% of women respondents said they had experienced online violence. Threats of physical (25%) and sexual violence (18%) plagued the women journalists surveyed. And these threats radiated - 13% said they had received threats of violence against those close to them. 20% of women respondents said they had been attacked or abused offline in connection with online violence they had experienced. 13% increased their physical security in response to online violence and 4% said that they had missed work due to concerns about the attacks jumping offline. The mental health impacts of online violence were the most frequently identified (26%) consequence. 12% of respondents said they had sought medical or psychological help due to the effects of online violence. The story theme most often identified in association with increased attacks was gender (47%), followed by politics and elections (44%), and human rights and social policy (31%). 41% of the respondents to this survey said they had been targeted in online attacks that appeared to be linked to orchestrated disinformation campaigns. Political actors are the second most frequently noted sources (37%) of attacks and abuse after, anonymous or unknown attackers (57%), according to the women respondents." (Introduction)
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"Various terms are in use to describe violent, bullying, demeaning, or otherwise antagonistic expressions on social media platforms. Hate speech is common, but also not limited to the online world. While it does signal that these expressions are speech acts, and therefore, as we maintain, performati
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ve, the reference to ‘hate’ does not always seem justified. While many different motivations and affects can be involved, and hatred on the part of the sender is surely one of them, other motivations exist too (as considered for instance in chapters two, three and seven). The term is thus both too broad and too narrow in its seeming attribution of motives. Feminist scholar Emma Jane has introduced the term ‘e-bile’, which is useful, but particularly designed for the specific category of misogynist and objectifying comments addressed to women online. We propose online vitriol as a term to think about this phenomenon, because it stresses both the violent and the uncontrollable aspects of the phenomenon and its typical excesses, such as shitstorms, and speech acts that silence, threaten, or harm others [...] Online vitriol seems to be a particular product of the Web 2.0, the ‘participatory’ or ‘social web’ that has evolved since the early twenty-first century, and that revolves around ‘user-generated content’ and conceives of the web as a space of interaction, rather than a collection of static sites where one can read information. The term ‘Web 2.0’ was coined in 1999 by Darcy DiNucci in an article prophetically titled ‘Fragmented Future’. Fragmentation does indeed seem to be one of the key aims and effects of online vitriol enabled by the interactive structure of social media platforms. In recent years particularly, online vitriol has come to serve political powerplay, with actors often operating from a stance of victimhood and supposed powerlessness, while at the same time attracting considerable attention, visibility and influence." (Pages 13-14)
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"The highest levels of regulation, from international treaties to constitutions, are unambiguous about creating an environment in which women thrive. However, this egalitarian space must be progressively realized, and one aspect of this work is eliminating discrimination, including in relation to ge
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nder-based violence (GBV). Whether authorities care to admit it or not, the Internet is an inseparable part of the society in which we live, and online GBV demands a resolute hand. Unfortunately, the gaps in legal frameworks, not to mention deficient law enforcement, are forcing women to self-censor online or even wholly abandon platforms that could be used for legitimate expression and the exercise of other fundamental rights. Unless governments take urgent, comprehensive action, the inadequate protection of women’s rights online will continue to erode any other legislative attempts to achieve equality across different spheres of life." (Conclusion)
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"More than half of girls surveyed, from around the world, have been harassed and abused online. One in four girls abused online feels physically unsafe as a result. Online abuse is silencing girls' voices. Girls are harassed just for being girls and it gets worse if they speak up about issues they c
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are about. Race, sexuality and disability are targeted too. Nowhere feels safe, and for many, online harassment that follows them into their homes, and invades their hearts and minds, is just as frightening, physically and emotionally, as street harassment. The two are interwoven – the result of underlying misogyny that is determined to keep girls and women “in their place.” Perpetrators who threaten rape and physical violence, use abusive and sexist language, post manipulated photos and send pornographic pictures are able to remain anonymous and unconstrained; girls are often afraid, begin to restrict what they post and are forced to try and protect themselves. It is time for this to stop. Girls and young women are demanding change. Their experiences are not “normal” and girls should not have to put up with behaviour online which would be criminal on the streets. Governments and social media companies must take action." (Key findings, page 7)
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"This report aims to increase the prioritization of child online safety among all the key stakeholders and decision-makers from governments, the private sector, civil society, NGOs, and academia. Its recommendations are actionable and represent a call to collective action. They are based on the know
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ledge and expertise of major expert groups that have a long-standing commitment and experience in fighting various forms of violence against children online." (Forward, page 7)
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"This collection of thirteen new essays is the first to examine, from a range of disciplinary perspectives, how the new technologies and global reach of the internet are changing the theory and practice of free speech. The rapid expansion of online communication, as well as the changing roles of gov
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ernment and private organizations in monitoring and regulating the digital world, give rise to new questions, including: How do philosophical defenses of the right to freedom of expression, developed in the age of the town square and the printing press, apply in the digital age? Should search engines be covered by free speech principles? How should international conflicts over online speech regulations be resolved? Is there a right to be forgotten that is at odds with the right to free speech? How has the Internet facilitated new speech-based harms such as cyber-stalking, twitter-trolling, and “revenge” porn, and how should these harms be addressed?" (Abstract)
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"Jugendliche informieren sich heute primär digital. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass sie bei der Nutzung von digitalen Medien in der Lage sind, Nachrichten und Informationsquellen richtig einzuordnen und wahre von falschen Meldungen zu unterscheiden. Dieses Buch gibt kompetent Auskunft zum Thema. Google
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, YouTube und andere Suchmaschinen und Soziale Netzwerke gehören heute ganz selbstverständlich zu unserem Alltag. Man kann sich rund um die Uhr informieren, sich mit seinen Freunden austauschen und eigene Fotos, Erlebnisse und Ideen posten. Bei der Informationsrecherche im Netz sind seriöse Angebote aber oft schwer zu unterscheiden von Werbung, manipulierten oder falschen Beiträgen. Quelle und Herkunft sind oft nicht ausfindig zu machen. Um sich nicht in den Filterblasen von Suchmaschinen und sozialen Netzwerken zu verlieren und nicht auf Fake News, gefakte Profile oder andere Manipulationen hereinzufallen, ist es wichtig, verschiedene Informationsquellen zu nutzen und sich eine eigene, unabhängige Meinung zu bilden. Dieses Buch gibt einen umfassenden Einblick in die vielfältige Welt der Medien und vermittelt Tipps und Hilfestellungen zum richtigen Umgang mit ihnen." (Verlagsbeschreibung Loewe Verlag)
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"This report describes and analyses how online propaganda against journalists across the world - through hate, harassment, threats and fabricated news – undermines independent reporting, sows doubt among the public and makes journalists, in particular female journalists, open for online attacks an
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d physical abuse to the detriment of freedom of expression and open, democratic societies. To stem the tidal wave of mostly anonymous online propaganda against journalists, in particularly female journalists across the world who are exposed to unacceptable amounts of online sexual abuse, Fojo Media Institute, the publisher of this report, plans to set up #journodefender, a global hub to monitor, investigate and take action against the-ends-justifies-the-means trolling with particular focus on assisting journalism in countries that are particularly badly affected." (Prologue)
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"This report specifically examines legal remedies for online attacks against journalists. It looks at three case studies, in Finland, France and Ireland, of female journalists who were viciously attacked online for their work and the ensuing attempts to hold the perpetrators accountable. From an ana
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lysis of the case studies, it offers best practices and recommendations for OSCE participating States in implementing and interpreting laws so as to effectively respond to the diverse and growing forms of online harassment and protect the rights of journalists to do their work safely online without compromising freedom of expression as guaranteed by international human rights law." (https://www.osce.org/representative-on-freedom-of-media)
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"Hier in Kapitel 1 definieren wir einige grundlegende Begriffe, aus denen bereits der Ansatz der Autoren zu entnehmen ist. In Kapitel 2 geht es um Begriffsklärungen und Hintergrundwissen zum Thema Mobbing, Cyber-Mobbing und (Cyber)Mobbing. Insbesondere wird dabei auf die Dynamik des Mobbings und au
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f die Spezifika des Mobbings mit digitalen Mitteln eingegangen. In Kapitel 3 werden vier Fälle von (Cyber)Mobbing aus der Praxis beschrieben. Sie zeigen in knapper Form, wie man mit Hilfe des Systemischen Konfliktmanagements bei (Cyber)Mobbing vorgehen kann. In Kapitel 4 stellen wir zwei Interventionsmethoden vor, die erfolgreich wissenschaftlich evaluierte Systemische Mobbingintervention (SMI) und die vielfach praxiserprobte Systemische Kurzintervention (SKI). In Kapitel 5 wird Systemisches Konfliktmanagement (SKM) als Bestandteil von Schulentwicklung mit Zielen, Maßnahmen und Teilprozessen ausführlich beschrieben. Sie erfahren, wie man den Schweregrad eines Falles eruiert und die dazu passenden Interventionen findet und durchführt. Die in Kapitel 4 beschriebenen Interventionsmethoden sind darin eingebettet. Am Ende des Kapitels erhalten Sie eine Kurzanleitung, auf die Sie im Notfall zurückgreifen können. Kapitel 6 beschreibt einen fünften (Cyber)Mobbing-Fall („Der Fall Nele“). Darin werden der Fall und das Vorgehen mittels Systemischen Konfliktmanagements ausführlich geschildert. Besonders für eilige Leser ist es empfehlenswert, diese Fallgeschichte zuerst zu lesen, bevor sie sich intensiv mit den Grundlagen des SKM in Kapitel 5 beschäftigen. Im Kapitel 6 erfahren sie anhand des Fallbeispiels, wie es praktisch gut laufen kann, um in Kapitel 5 zu erfahren, auf welchem konzeptionellen Hintergrund dies geschieht. In Kapitel 7 geht es um den pädagogischen Gesamtrahmen. Alles Wissen im Umgang mit (Cyber-)Mobbing darf nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass eine Intervention nur dann eine nachhaltige Wirkung entfaltet, wenn sie auf einem pädagogischen Fundament steht. Dazu zählen Mut zur Führung, Souveränität und Bedürfnisorientierung, eine klare Werte- und Normorientierung, das Fördern personaler Kompetenzen, insbesondere der Fähigkeit zur Selbststeuerung, die Einbettung der Methoden in eine Motivations- und Beziehungskultur und die Förderung von emotionaler Empathie und Mitgefühl. Diese Aufzählung ist umfangreich und klingt anspruchsvoll — in Kapitel 7 wird sie mit Leben gefüllt. In Kapitel 8 finden sich zehn ausgearbeitete Praxisprojekte zur Präventionsarbeit in Klassen oder Gruppen zu (Cyber)Mobbing. Diese Projekte können ohne aufwendige Vorbereitungen umgesetzt werden. Lehrkräfte, Schulleitungen, Schulsozialarbeiter, Schulpsychologen, Präventionsbeauftragte, Multiplikatoren und Fortbildner aus Schule, Jugendhilfe und Polizei erhalten methodisch-didaktische Hinweise und Hintergrundinformationen für die rein vorbeugende Arbeit." (Einfürhung, Seite 9-10)
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"Most young people lack the digital citizenship skills required to protect themselves from the online dangers and emotional and mental health impacts of social media highlighted in this report. The study finds evidence that young people across Myanmar suffer from ‘hate speech fatigue’, often exa
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cerbated by repeat exposure to fake news and propaganda targeting specific communities. Over time, this effect limits young Myanmar users’ willingness to seek out and engage with reporting and blocking functions that may help combat fake news and hate speech online. Understanding the impact of social media on social and political discourse in Myanmar is of urgent, critical importance. While the young people in this study saw great potential for social media to increase empathy and understanding between different groups, the struggle to curb anti-Muslim hate speech in particular, and the structural and violent oppression it begets, is still very real." (Publisher description)
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"Das Werk vermittelt verständlich und anschaulich den aktuellen Stand des Wissens zum Einsatz neuer Medien in der Klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie. Neben dem Wandel psychologischen und psychotherapeutischen Denkens und Handelns beleuchten die AutorInnen auch die daraus entstehenden ethisch
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en und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Diskussion jener Veränderungen, die durch die Digitalisierung im therapeutischen Behandlungsalltag entstanden sind. Fallbeispiele veranschaulichen die konkreten Chancen und Herausforderungen der psychologischen und psychotherapeutischen Arbeit. Zuletzt werden auch Problemfelder wie die problematische Internetnutzung, Cybermobbing und Extremismus im Internet dargestellt und diskutiert. Am Ende jedes Kapitels finden sich Take-Home-Messages, welche zentrale Punkte zusammenfassen und eine Handlungsorientierung bieten." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"While cyberviolence may be targeted at any individual or group and may entail a wide range of acts, this mapping study focuses in particular on children and women, who are often the victims of cyberviolence. The experience and solutions with regard to these victims should modus modendi be applicabl
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e to other categories of victims while taking into account the specificities of violence against different categories of victims. The present study is thus aimed at mapping acts that constitute cyberviolence and drawing conclusions as to typologies and concepts; providing examples of national experiences and responses to such acts (including policies, strategies, legislation, cases and case law); discussing international responses under the Budapest Convention and other treaties (in particular the Istanbul and Lanzarote Conventions of the Council of Europe); developing recommendations as to the further course of action." (Page 2)
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"Al reconocer que estructural y socialmente la enunciación y la sistematización de los saberes comunes y comunitarios es contestatario y disruptivo, apelamos a la sabiduría ancestral y la infalible innovación contemporánea de las colectivas, de las mujeres tecnólogas, de las ciberfeministas y
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de las activistas a favor de los derechos de las mujeres y las entrevistamos. Quisimos saber qué es violencia para ellas y cómo la viven cuando les es narrada por otras que la padecen. Cómo llevan esos primeros momentos de atención, contención y diagnósticos. De qué forma ayudan a las mujeres enfrentando violencias y qué aprendizajes recogen de esos acompañamientos. Y a la par de que compartieran con nosotras algún hack, su noción de límites y las estrategias que han elaborado para difundir su trabajo y sus conocimientos sin poner en peligro a sus pares y aliadas. En el transcurso de escuchar testimonios de más de 20 mujeres provenientes de casi todos los países de América Latina encontramos reflexiones profundas sobre el ser y el hacer de las mujeres y bases sólidas para el fortalecimiento de redes de apoyo, educación y autodefensa." (Introducción)
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"Dieser Ratgeber stellt Besonderheiten, Funktionen, Auslöser und die Verbreitung von Cyber-Mobbing vor und behandelt das Thema Cyber-Mobbing in den Medien. Darüber hinaus wird erläutert, ob Cyber-Mobbing strafbar ist und wie man Cyber-Mobbing im schulischen und familiären Umfeld vorbeugen oder a
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nhand bestimmter Warnzeichen so früh wie möglich erkennen kann. Im Kapitel „Was tun bei Cyber-Mobbing?“ werden Möglichkeiten vorgestellt, gegen Cyber-Mobbing vorzugehen. Die bei Cyber-Mobbing über Smartphones und Apps geltenden Besonderheiten werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Drei Experteninterviews beleuchten die rechtlichen Möglichkeiten sowie die psychologischen Aspekte und Folgen von Cyber-Mobbing und geben Ratschläge für Betroffene und Angehörige." (Seite 3)
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"In a new report entitled “Online harassment of journalists: the trolls attack,” Reporters Without Borders (RSF) sheds light on the latest danger for journalists – threats and insults on social networks that are designed to intimidate them into silence. The sources of these threats and insults
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may be ordinary “trolls” (individuals or communities of individuals hiding behind their screens) or armies of online mercenaries. Harassing journalists has never been as easy as it is now. Freedom of expression and bots are being used to curtail the freedom to inform. With the help of its 12 bureaux and sections and its worldwide network of correspondents, RSF has documented dozens of cases in 32 countries for the last six months and has for the first time classified the types of online harassment. RSF has interviewed experts in cyber-crime, newsroom editors, lawyers and, above all, journalists themselves - some of whom have been terrified by the torrents of online abuse to a scale they had never imagined possible. The links between the masterminds and the trolls who carry out the cyberviolence against journalists are often hard to demonstrate. More research needs to be done. One thing is nonetheless clear: this phenomenon is spreading throughout the world. How should we respond to these virulent online campaigns that often have dramatic consequences? RSF offers recommendations for governments, international organizations, online platforms, media companies, and advertisers." (Introduction)
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"For women journalists, online harassment may result in emotional stress and may require legal and technological remedies to mitigate the damage caused to their identity and reputation. Perpetrators can use a combination of online and offline attacks that threaten the employment and safety of journa
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lists. In the case of women writers, misogynistic and racist attacks can create a chilling effect that silences their voices online and creates a deterrent to freedom of expression that ultimately erodes the freedom of the press. Based on the examination of seminal work, case studies and personal anecdotes, this chapter investigates the consequences of abuse via Twitter and Facebook on the freedom of speech, the emotional and psychological impact on women journalists, and its implications on press freedom. Moreover, before suggesting digital defense strategies for journalists, the chapter also chronicles the development of TrollBusters, a platform for women journalists that counters online hate with positive messaging and just-in-time rescue services." (Abstract)
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