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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
48
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
37
War Reporting
30
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
28
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
22
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Self-Censorship
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
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Investigative Journalism
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Journalism Education & Training
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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
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Foreign Correspondents
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Censorship
10
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
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Freedom of Expression
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United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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Election Reporting
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Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
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Media Law & Regulation
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Human Rights Protection
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
7
COVID-19 Communication
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
6
Crime & Violence Reporting
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Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
6
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
5
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Emergency Medical Aid
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United Nations (UN)
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Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
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Research in Media & Communication
5
Editorial Independence
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Media / Communication Control
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Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
4
Community Radios
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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
UNESCO
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Journalism
4
Journalism Education Curricula
4
Journalists
4
Local Journalism
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Photojournalism
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Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
4
Advocacy
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
3
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
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Political Cartoons & Comics
3
Freedom of Expression Principles
3
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
3
Journalistic Social Media Use
3
Minority Journalists
3
Humanitarian Law
3
Countering Defamation & Harassment
3
Journalism Ethics
3
Good Practice Examples
3
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
3
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
3
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
3
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
3
Police
3
Democracy / Democratization and Media
3
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
2
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
2
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
2
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
2
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
2
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Storytelling
2
Boko Haram
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
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Social Media
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Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Documenting Human Rights Violations
2
Environmental Journalism
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Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
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Foreign News, International News
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
2
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
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Council of Europe
2
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
2
Journalistic Research Methods
2
Journalistic Skills
2
Exiled Journalists
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
2
Television Journalism
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Media Assistance
2
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Political Transition and Media
2
Research Methods
2
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Networks & Networking
2
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
2
User-Generated Contents
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Open Data
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
1
Advocacy Campaigns
1
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Election Campaigns
1
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
1
Film Distribution
1
Film Editing
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
State Influence on the Media
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
1
Terrorism
1
Gaza War (2023-)
1
Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War (1990-1991)
1
Iraq War (2003)
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
AI Reporting
1
Romani People
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Media Commercialisation
1
Distribution of Media
1
Television Markets
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Defamation, Libel, Slander
1
Defamation: Effects on Victims
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Self-Assessment, Self-Evaluation
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
History of Journalism
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
European Union (EU)
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
1
Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
1
Information Sources of Journalists
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Journalism Studies: Research Projects
1
Journalistic Genres
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Style & Language
1
News Agencies
1
Radio Journalism
1
Business & Economics Journalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
1
Translations & Translating
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Media Assistance: Elections
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Caruana Galizia, Daphne (1964-2017)
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Photographers
1
Military
1
Political Extremism
1
Populism
1
Security
1
Personal Safety
1
Election Campaigns: Social Media
1
Political Communication
1
Propaganda
1
Public Spheres
1
Video Production Skills
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Communication & Media Research Associations & Networks
1
Assassination
1
Human Security
1
Rohingya
1
Blockchain Technologies
1
Data Protection (Computer Software)
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Open Source Software
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

The Risks and Challenges for Professional Journalism in the Digital Age: A Malaysian Perspective

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 106-123
"The Internet is a modern Pandora's Box which has exceptionally altered the way we disseminate and receive information messages, particularly news. Despite technological innovations being the apex of our history, it is undeniable that they pose new challenges and threats to a different degree. Hence ... more

Safety and Security of Journalists in India: Need for Comprehensive Protective Regulations

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism
Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 119-142
"Globally, upholders of the fourth pillar of democracy have been consistently exposed to security issues and gender discrimination. Many journalists and media professionals are having to pay with their lives in trying to get information. In spite of nations having constitutionally accepted accordanc ... more

Understanding the link between a media and information literate citizenry and the (un)-safety of journalism

Paper Presented at the Academic Conference on the Safety of Journalists, World Press Freedom Conference 2020 (2020), 17 pp.
"The very basis for journalism to perform its societal role of enabling a well-informed citizenry through the factual reporting of news, grounded in professional standards of accuracy, sincerity and objectivity is that it is undertaken safely. Indeed, the ability of journalism to pursue what we here ... more
"2019 has seen major achievements resulting from needs-based, and specifically-tailored support through the Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP). Actions building on ongoing work and others opening new avenues, have initiated substantial changes in favour of ... more

Practices of Self-Censorship Among Nepali Journalists

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 72-82
"Although Nepal has entered a new era of democracy and press freedom since 2006, self-censorship still exists in the reporting/editing of many Nepali journalists. Nepal has more than 100 years of press history, most of it has faced pressure from the government if not censorship. Drawing upon intervi ... more
"This article assesses the multiple factors which are barriers to media freedom in South Africa. These include crises of financial sustainability of the media sector which have recently been compounded by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; widespread job losses in journalism; and harassment and phy ... more

Safety of Journalists: Guidebook

Vienna: Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), 3rd ed. (2020), 162 pp.

The Role of Ghanaian News Media Organisations in Countering Threats to Media Freedom and Journalists' Safety

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 186-213
"Journalist safety is vital to media freedom as it shows stakeholders' duties to protect the media from crime and to guard media freedom. The media have the power to combat problems via coverage, yet evidence submits that journalist insecurity persists in Ghana. So, the study aims to examine how the ... more

Latinx Feminist Activism for the Safety of Women Journalists

In: The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Communication
Marnel Niles Goins; Joan Faber McAlister; Bryant Keith Alexander (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), 10 pp.
"Gender-based violence against women journalists has increased dramatically, both offline and online. These professionals face more barriers to performing their roles in safe conditions. Slow progress has been made by governments and news media industries to protect women journalists. Most of the pr ... more
"Generally, beneficiaries of Reporters Respond and the Legal Defense Fund are very satisfied with the support they received. They praise the speed with which they received support, the ease with which they could apply, and the lack of bureaucratic obstacles. Beneficiaries noted that as a result of t ... more

Defending the watchdog: How local NGOs build journalists’ resilience by combating threats to their safety and security

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 181-196
"In Uganda, local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Human Rights Network for Journalists-Uganda and Uganda Media Women’s Association have become instrumental in the fight for media freedom and combating impunity for crimes committed against journalists. Despite this effort, little rese ... more
"The challenges faced by journalists and mass media in war torn countries are serious. The same could be said to be the case in Afghanistan. Though freedom of speech and of the mass media are among the on-going struggles of the Afghan people after the fall of the Taliban regime, it is worrying that ... more
"Despite the growing scholarship on investigative journalism in Latin America, very few studies have addressed collaboration across newsrooms in the region. By analyzing the responses of 251 journalists who work for investigative units in Latin American news outlets, this study explores a) the reaso ... more
"There is a growing and urgent threat to the safety of journalists across Europe which constitutes a terminal threat to democracy and urgent action by Council of Europe Member States is required. At the international level, detailed guidance and standards for the protection of journalists have been ... more
"Due to the fighting between the Myanmar Army and the Rohingya militant group Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) in August 2017, hundreds of thousands of stateless Rohingya Muslims fled to Bangladesh. The Myanmar Army was accused of committing torture, atrocities, arson and gang-rapes against the ... more
"This resource offers a tool for news organizations to adopt safety protocols that respond to the extraordinary circumstances created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The document seeks to empower commissioning editors to improve and adapt safety practices so the pandemic is covered professionally and in a ... more
"This report identifies five major challenges for developing national plans for safety of journalists and how stakeholders are tackling them. The points addressed concern gaining engagement around safety of journalists by state actors, uniting and focusing efforts of disparate stakeholders into a du ... more
"This Handbook, which provides non-compulsory technical guidance to EU Delegations, aims to provide tools and hands-on examples to support them in implementing the the 2014 'EU Human Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline' and in taking actions to support the safety and securi ... more

Framework on Police-Media Relations & Safety of Journalists in Ghana

Ghana Police Service;Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA);National Media Commission (2020), 16 pp.
"[...] the Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) and other media actors, in collaboration with the Ghana Police Service, in 2018 began a process to improve relations between the media and the police. As a first step a forum was organised in July 2018 to discuss the safety of journalists and police ... more

Recomendaciones para el cubrimiento de manifestaciones sociales

Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2020), 12 pp.