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Gendered inequalities of platform work in Africa: Findings from a multi-country analysis

Batoul Al Medhar, Sharon Geeling, Nagla Rizk, Funda Ustek Spilda, Eisha Afifi, Joseph Budu, Pitso Tsibolane et al.

Platforms & Society, volume 2 (2025), 16 pp.

"Hopes that the growth of platform work in Africa will provide new opportunities for women’s employment have not yet been matched by empirical research. Based on a five-country survey of workers on 18 platforms across four sectors (ride-hailing, delivery, professional, microtasks), the research re ... more

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Africa-Europe Cooperation and Digital Transformation

Chux Daniels, Benedikt Erforth, Chloe Teevan (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), xxiii, 247 pp.

"Digital transformations have had catalytic efects on African and European governance, economies, and societies, and will continue to do so. The COVID-19 pandemic has already accelerated the penetration of digital tools all over the globe and is likely to be perceived as a critical juncture in how a ... more

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Égalité de genre dans la politique numérique au Burundi

Mario Filadoro (red.)

Geneva: ITU (2023), v, 32 pp.

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Gender equality in digital policy in Ethiopia

Geneva: ITU (2023), vi, 26 pp.

"This country report provides an overview of the extent to which gender is addressed in Ethiopia’s digital policies, strategies, and regulations, divided into categories such as international development instruments, national digital policies and strategies, and digital sector-related laws and reg ... more

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The Palgrave Handbook of Gender, Media and Communication in the Middle East and North Africa

Loubna H. Skalli, Nahed Eltantawy (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), xxiii, 590 pp.

"The Palgrave Handbook of Gender, Media and Communication in the Middle East and North Africa stands as an authoritative and up-to-date resource on the critical debates, research methods and ongoing reflections on how gender and communication intersect with the economic, social, political, and cultu ... more

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The Future is Female: Stories of Twin Transition

Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai, Ha Thi Thu Ngan, Meye Creative

Hanoi: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ);Digital Transformation Center Vietnam (DTC-VN) (2022), 45 pp.

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Enduring Blindspots & Infinite Opportunities: Digital Creative Industries in Uganda

Bobina Zulfa et al.

Kampala: Pollicy (2022), 49 pp.

"This study aims to understand the experiences of digital creatives in Kampala, Uganda, through a gendered lens. There is a large gap in the availability of data and knowledge on the digital creative industry in Uganda and this paper aims to address some of these blindspots. To understand these expe ... more

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The Psychology of the Web Developer, Reality of a Female Freelancer

Maisa Imamovic

Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures (2022), 109 pp.

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Digitally Empowered Generation Equality: Women, Girls and ICT in the Context of COVID-19 in Selected Western Balkan and Eastern Partnership Countries

Geneva: ITU;UN Women (2021), vi, 90 pp.

"This report focuses on women and girls using, studying and working in digital technology in five Western Balkan States (Republic of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) and three Eastern Partnership countries (Ukraine, Georgia, and Republic of Moldova). On the su ... more

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Women in Tech: Inspiration, no Fairy Tales

Bonn: Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) (2019), 72 pp.

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#eSkills4Girls: Eine Initiative zur Förderung digitaler Kompetenzen von Frauen und Mädchen. Rückblick und Perspektiven

Bonn: Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) (2019), 30 pp.

"Die #eSkills4Girls-Initiative ist im Rahmen der G20-Präsidentschaft Deutschlands im Jahr 2017 entstanden. Ziel der Initiative ist es, die digitale Kluft zwischen Männern und Frauen zu überwinden und insbesondere für Frauen und Mädchen durch digitale Kompetenzen bessere Bildungsund Beschäftigu ... more

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Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership
Top Insights

Araba Sey, Nancy Hafkin (eds.)

United Nations University (UNU);Equals Global Partnership (2019), 338 pp.

"1. While gender gaps are observable in most aspects of ICT access, skills and leadership, the picture is complex. There are large regional variations: some countries are close to parity or have even reversed the gender gap on some indicators, while others still have persistent gaps. Individual coun ... tries can have both large and small gaps, depending on the indicator being measured. Interpreting the gaps requires careful and contextualised analysis. 2. Barriers to gender digital equality are generally related to one or more of the following: 1) availability of infrastructure; 2) financial constraints; 3) ICT ability and aptitude; 4) interest and perceived relevance of ICTs; 5) safety and security; and 6) socio-cultural and institutional contexts. Most of these barriers cut across issues of access, skills, and leadership, although they may manifest in slightly different ways. While research has documented these barriers, the evidence from different sources is sometimes contradictory, even within the same country contexts. 3. There is no one conclusive strategy for eliminating gender digital inequalities. Recommendations generally call either for targeting specific contributing factors of gender digital inequality (such as affordability or recruiting practices), or for reshaping deeply ingrained social norms and practices (such as gender stereotypes) that are at the root of gender inequalities. As with the evidence on barriers, research results are sometimes contradictory or nuanced. 4. The dominant approaches to gender equality in ICT access, skills, and leadership mostly frame issues in binary (male/female) terms, thereby masking the relevance of other pertinent identities. Insufficient research has been done on the implications of ICTs for intersectional identities. Data collection should move from binary sexdisaggregation towards finer degrees of status disaggregation in order to recognise multiple and interacting identities (such as sexuality, poverty, class, education, age, disability, and occupation). 5. To ensure privacy and safety as well as full participation in the digital economy, women should have equal opportunities to develop adequate basic and advanced digital skills. Cyberstalking, online harassment, image manipulation, privacy violations, geotracking, and surveillance can compromise women’s and girls’ safety both online and offline. In addition, some evidence suggests the digital transformation of labour may be widening gender wage gaps. These outcomes can be averted with the right types of training combined with social and institutional change. 6. Developments in digital technologies open new pathways to gender diversity and inclusion; however, lack of attention to gender dynamics and differences hampers the potential for true progress. For example, evidence suggests that most women’s work in the digital economy, particularly in the Global South, reinforces existing social divisions. Moreover, artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, designed largely by men, tend to ignore the negative gender implications of their designs. Research, government policy and design principles should include gender awareness and analysis, for example by building in data and privacy protections and avoiding gender stereotypes." (Key findings, page 19-20) more

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Women's Pathways to the Digital Sector: Stories of Opportunities and Challenges

Panoply Digital

Bonn: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) (2017), 51 pp.

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Gender Mainstreaming in Vorhaben der IKT-gestützten beruflichen Bildung

Ana Condeço

Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) (2006), 49 pp.

"In dieser Studie werden Möglichkeiten zur Integration von Genderaspekten in die Projektarbeit und insbesondere in die IKT-gestützte berufliche Qualifizierung untersucht. Projekte der beruflichen Qualifizierung nehmen in besonderem Maß Einfluss auf den Sozialisationsprozess von Männern und Fraue ... more

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A Developing Connection: Bridging the Policy Gap Between the Information Society and Sustainable Development

Terry Willard, Maja Andjelkovic (eds.)

Winnipeg, Manitoba: International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) (2005), 210 pp.

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Gender Mainstreaming in Information and Communications: A Reference Manual for Governments and Other Stakeholders

Joan Ross Frankson

London: Commonwealth Secretariat Marlborough House (2000), 77 pp.

Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership Top Insights

Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership
Top Insights