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Can media campaigns change attitudes and spark actions to reduce early child marriage? Impact evaluation of breakthrough’s early marriage campaign in Jharkhand and Bihar states of India

Raghunathan N., Leena Sushant, Siddhi Mankad

New Delhi: International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) (2021), vi, 45 pp.

"A clustered randomized trial in two states of India examines alternate strategies to reduce child marriage, increase girls' education and change gender attitudes. GPs were randomized into four treatment and one control group in a 1:1:1:2:2 ratio. The GP level intervention from November 2012 deliver ... ed to treatment groups i) A Full Package, comprising mass-media, training and community mobilization programs; ii) a Training Package comprising a combination of mass media and a training program at the block level; iii) a Community Mobilization Package comprising a combination of mass-media and a community mobilization program; iv) and an only Mass Media program. Data from 2,542 households seven years after the start of the program shows that the intervention made significant improvements in impact indicators on girls' education and incidence and age at marriage. As compared to the control GPs, the Full Package intervention increased the age at marriage for girls aged 13-25 on an average by 6.5 months and their education by 9 months. The Full Package also increased the percentage of girls enrolled in school by an additional 9% over the level that control group achieved (92% in Full Package vs 83% in Control Group). The program impacts were similar after controlling for stratification and other household and GP level characteristics. We found that the intervention made an outcome indicator - gender attitudes - more progressive; GP with Full Package had a 0.407 standard deviation (equivalent to approximately 16%) higher gender attitude index than control GPs (p < 0.01). The measure of attitudes is an index of aggregated indices on gender equality, education, marriage, mobility and knowledge. Attitude change was larger for education and mobility indices. For example, the households in the Full Package had 0.26 and 0.33 standard deviations more positive attitude towards girls’ education and mobility than control GPs. We did not find any significant effect on attitudes pertaining to marriage and girl’s work and responsibility. There is little change in norms related to gender roles within the home and education has mostly been perceived as a vehicle for better management of the home, rather than for empowering women to work and be independent." (Summary) more

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Supplementing Emergency Warning Messsages to Encourage Readiness to Act: The Effect of Colour and Icons

Dominique A. Greer, Paula Dootson, Sophie A. Miller, Vivienne Tippett

Melbourne: Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC;Queensland University of Technology (2021), 52 pp.

"An online survey was conducted in which participants were exposed to one of 16 mock emergency warnings about either a bushfire or a riverine flood and were then asked a series of questions relating to their demographic characteristics, message comprehension and effectiveness, threat appraisal, copi ... more

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Can Health Information Through Mobile Phones Close the Divide in Health Behaviours Among the Marginalised? An Equity Analysis of Kilkari in Madhya Pradesh, India

Diwakar Mohan, Kerry Scott, Neha Shah et al.

BMJ Global Health, issue 6: e005512 (2021), 10 pp.

"Kilkari is one of the largest maternal mobile messaging programmes in the world. It makes weekly prerecorded calls to new and expectant mothers and their families from the fourth month of pregnancy until 1-year post partum. The programme delivers reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health in ... more

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Starting Conversations to Tackle Sanitation in India Through TV Drama: Evaluation of Navrangi Re!

Tom Newton-Lewis, Rishika Das Roy, Varinder Kaur Gambhir, Anna Godfrey, Rituparna Sanyal, Ishleen Sethi, Radharani Mitra, Ragini Pasricha, Purnima Mehrotra, Sandhya Iyer, Pavan Mamidi

Journal of Development Communication, volume 32, issue 2 (2021), pp. 45-58

"There is a growing body of evidence from rigorous evaluations demonstrating the effectiveness of education entertainment – ‘edutainment’– interventions in achieving development outcomes. Building on this research, this study presents the results of a pioneering quasi-experimental evaluation ... more

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Effects of an E-Reader Intervention on Literacy, Numeracy and Non-Verbal Reasoning Among Adolescent Girls in Zambia: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial

Barbara S. Mensch, Nicole Haberland, Erica Soler-Hampejsek, Jean Digitale, Natalie Jackson-Hachonda et al.

Journal of Development Effectiveness, volume 13, issue 3 (2021), pp. 247-275

"This paper presents results from a three-arm randomized controlled trial in Zambia with a sample of nearly 1200 adolescent girls enrolled in Grade 7. Selected primary schools (N=36) were randomly assigned within each of three districts to one of three arms: 1) e-readers, which girls could take home ... more

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Countering Fake News: A Comparison of Possible Solutions Regarding User Acceptance and Effectiveness

Jan Kirchner, Christian Reuter

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, issue CSCW2, Article 140 (2020), 27 pp.

"This work takes a user-centered approach on means to counter identified mis- and disinformation in social media. We conduct a three-step study design on how approaches in social media should be presented to respect the users’ needs and experiences and how effective they are. As our first step, in ... more

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A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India

Andrew M. Guessa, Michael Lernerb, Benjamin Lyonsd, Jacob M. Montgomerye, Brendan Nyhanf, Jason Reiflerg, Neelanjan Sircarh

PNAS, volume 117, issue 27 (2020), 10 pp.

"Using data from preregistered survey experiments conducted around recent elections in the United States and India, we assess the effectiveness of an intervention modeled closely on the world’s largest media literacy campaign, which provided “tips” on how to spot false news to people in 14 cou ... more

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Understanding Misinformation on Mobile Instant Messengers (MIMs) in Developing Countries
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Irene V. Pasquetto, Eaman Jahani, Alla Baranovsky, Matthew A. Baum

Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy (2020), 27 pp.

"We conducted a mixed-methods research project in Nigeria, India, and Pakistan consisting of surveys, survey experiments, and semi-structured interviews, to better understand the spread and impact of misinformation, and in particular of misinformation on mobile messaging apps (MIMs). One of our goal ... more

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Russian Propaganda Hits its Mark: Experimentally Testing the Impact of Russian Propaganda and Counter-Interventions

Todd C. Helmus, James V. Marrone et al.

Santa Monica: RAND Corporation (2020), xv, 86 pp.

"Given the size and scope of the Russian propaganda campaign that targeted the U.S. electorate in 2016, it is critical to understand both the impact of that campaign and the mechanisms that can reduce the impact of future campaigns. This report, the third in a four-part series, describes a study con ... more

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Countering Violent Extremism in Nigeria: Using a Text-Message Survey to Assess Radio Programs

James V. Marrone, Todd C. Helmus, Elizabeth Bodine-Baron, Christopher Santucci

RAND Corporation (2020), 32 pp.

"Using a randomized encouragement design, we assigned 2,064 people to listen to either 'Ina Mafita' or to a control program (professional soccer matches) each week over the course of two months. Recruitment and engagement were conducted remotely via short message service (short message system [SMS] ... more

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The Effects of Journalistic Transparency on Credibility Assessments and Engagement Intentions

Alexander L. Curry, Natalie Jomini Stroud

Journalism, volume 22, issue 4 (2019), pp. 901-918

"Transparency is an oft-cited remedy for the public’s lack of confidence in the news media. Yet scant empirical evidence exists to support this claim. This article presents a test of the relationship between increased journalistic transparency and credibility evaluations of a news organization. Ex ... more

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When Celebrities Speak: A Nationwide Twitter Experiment Promoting Vaccination in Indonesia

Vivi Alatas, Arun G. Chandrasekhar, Markus Mobius, Benjamin A. Olken, Cindy Paladines

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) (2019), 55 pp.

"Celebrity endorsements are often sought to influence public opinion. We ask whether celebrity endorsement per se has an effect beyond the fact that their statements are seen by many, and whether on net their statements actually lead people to change their beliefs. To do so, we conducted a nationwid ... more

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The Entertaining Way to Behavioral Change: Fighting HIV with MTV

Abhijit Banerjee, Eliana La Ferrara, Victor Orozco-Olvera

Washington, DC: World Bank Group (2019), 45 pp.

"This paper tests the effectiveness of an entertainment education television series, MTV Shuga, aimed at providing information and changing attitudes and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Using a simple model, the paper shows that “edutainment” can work through an individual or a social channel. Th ... more

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Citizens and Condemnation: Strategic Uses of International Human Rights Pressure in Authoritarian States

Jamie J. Gruffydd-Jones

Comparative Political Studies, volume 52, issue 4 (2019), pp. 579-612

"Governments with strict control over the information that their citizens hear from foreign sources are regular targets of human rights pressure, but we know little about how this information matters in the domestic realm. I argue that authoritarian regimes strategically pass on certain types of ext ... more

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Die emotionale Wirkung terroristischer Kommunikation: zwischen professioneller Propaganda und medialer Berichterstattung

Michael Johann, Michael Oswald

Journal for Deradicalization, issue 19 (2019), pp. 219-258

"Der sogenannte Islamische Staat nutzt in seiner Kommunikationsstrategie vor allem eine Form von direkter Zielgruppenansprache über eigens produzierte Videos und Nachrichtenkanäle. Die Verwendung von massenmedialen Multiplikatoren ist zwar weiterhin ein wichtiger Bestandteil zur Verbreitung von An ... more

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13 Reasons Why Not: A Methodological and Meta-Analytic Review of Evidence Regarding Suicide Contagion by Fictional Media

Christopher J. Ferguson

Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, volume 49, issue 4 (2019), pp. 1178-1186

"For decades, policymakers and suicide prevention advocates have questioned whether exposure to media with suicide themes, whether television, movies, or music, could increase suicide risk among youth. To date, no clear picture has emerged, with data inconsistent. Two broad forms of data consider th ... more

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Boosting immunity to disinformation: Ukrainian students better detect false information after teachers integrate media literacy into standard subjects

Mehri Druckman, Katya Vogt

Washington, DC: IREX (2019), 23 slides

"Students who received Learn to Discern (L2D) lessons performed better on all assessment tasks: identifying facts and opinions, false stories, hate speech, and demonstrated deeper knowledge of the news media sector. L2D students reported healthier media consumption habits and behavior and viewed cri ... more

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The fake news game: Actively inoculating against the risk of misinformation

Jon Roozenbeek, Sander van der Linden

Journal of Risk Research, volume 22, issue 5 (2018), pp. 570-580

"The rapid spread of online misinformation poses an increasing risk to societies worldwide. To help counter this, we developed a ‘fake news game’ in which participants are actively tasked with creating a news article about a strongly politicized issue (the European refugee crisis) using misleadi ... more

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Tangible Information and Citizen Empowerment: Identification Cards and Food Subsidy Programs in Indonesia

Abhijit Banerjee, Rema Hanna, Jordan Kyle, Benjamin A. Olken, Sudarno Sumarto

Journal of Political Economy, volume 126, issue 2 (2018), pp. 451-491

"Redistribution programs in developing countries often “leak” because local officials do not implement programs as the central government intends. We study one approach to reducing leakage. In an experiment in over 550 villages, we test whether mailing cards with program information to targeted ... more

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Effective Anti-Corruption Messaging: Lessons from Ukraine

Jordan Gans-Morse

PONARS Eurasia (2018), 8 pp.

"This memo presents evidence based on a survey experiment embedded in a national survey of Ukrainians and a laboratory experiment conducted with Ukrainian university students. The findings indicate that anti-Corruption messaging that emphasizes the success of anti-Corruption campaigns (i.e., a “po ... more

Understanding Misinformation on Mobile Instant Messengers (MIMs) in Developing Countries Top Insights

Understanding Misinformation on Mobile Instant Messengers (MIMs) in Developing Countries
Top Insights