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Democracy or Polyarchy? US-Funded Media Developments in Afghanistan and Iraq Post 9/11

Michael J. Barker

Media, Culture & Society, volume 30, issue 1 (2008), pp. 109-130

"This paper has demonstrated that the benefits for the general Afghan and Iraqi public derived from the ‘promotion of independent media’ by institutions like the NED are questionable, especially for parties interested in encouraging more deliberative or participatory forms of democracy. Instead, ... more

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U.S. Public and Private Funding of Independent Media Development Abroad

Peter Graves

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2007), 28 pp.

"U.S. funding for international media development in 2006—public and private—exceeded $142 million; U.S. government funding totaled nearly $69 million; U.S. private sector funding totaled over $60 million; and Funding from government-supported nonprofit organizations—the National Endowment for ... more

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The Role of Georgia's Media - and Western Aid - in the Rose Revolution

David Anable

Joan Shorenstein Center, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (2006), 32 pp.

"Aiding and training journalists and media managers, along with civil society groups, paid off in Georgia. The American and Western investment helped to generate the Rose Revolution, and resulted in a potentially more democratic, open and Western-leaning society. It was a comparatively economical, a ... more

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Independent Media Development Abroad: Challenges Exist in Implementing U.S. Efforts and Measuring Results

Washington, DC: United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) (2005), 49 pp.

"The Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development obligated at least $40 million in fiscal year 2004 for the development of independent media, including activities such as journalism and business management training and support for legal and regulatory frameworks. About 60 p ... more

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USAID's Media Assistance: Policy and Programmatic Lessons

Krishna Kumar

Washington, DC: USAID, Bureau for Policy and Program Coordination (2004), xiv, 20 pp.

"1. USAID media assistance was effective in promoting and strengthening independent media [...] 2. Comprehensive training programs had multiplier effects on upgrading the professional skills of journalists and instilling the norms of free press. But they suffered from implementation problems [...] 3 ... more

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The Media Missionaries: American Support for Journalism Exellence and Press Freedom Around the Globe

Ellen Hume

Miami: Knight Foundation (2004), 136 pp.

"When the Communist barricades collapsed in 1989, hundreds of Americans rushed to Eastern Europe and the former Soviet republics to spread the gospel of democracy. Among them were some of America’s most altruistic journalists, who hoped to midwife a newly independent press. Since then, the U.S. go ... more

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U.S. Media Assistance Programs in Serbia: July 1997 - June 2002

Rich McClear, Suzi McClear, Peter Graves

Washington, DC: USAID, Bureau for Policy and Program Coordination (2003), xiii, 33 pp.

"Serbian media assistance programs reflect two approaches to media development. Though they occasionally created friction, the differing approaches produced positive results. The goal of USAID’s Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI) was to fund programs and media outlets that could dissemin ... more

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Media Assistance: Best Practices and Priorities. Report on a USAID Workshop

Ellen Hume

Washington, DC: USAID, Bureau for Policy and Program Coordination (2003), 17 pp.

"Determining that the time had come to derive lessons from past efforts, think afresh about media assistance, and perhaps add some new models - including approaches for Africa and Asia, where the cultural preconditions and economic prospects are quite different from those of Europe - USAID’s Burea ... more

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Information Intervention: Bosnia, the Dayton Accords, and the Seizure of Broadcasting Transmitters

Monroe E. Price

Cornell International Law Journal, volume 33, issue 1 (2000), pp. 67-112

"The international mission, as U.S. and Western representatives saw it, was to reconstruct a viable multi-ethnic media, as well as to prevent further conflict. NATO was seeking to build, under the Dayton Accords, a plural society out of pieces that seemed fractured beyond repair. The OHR believed th ... more

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The Role of Media in Democracy: A Strategic Approach

Washington, DC: USAID, Center for Democracy and Governance (1999), 35, 10 pp.

"As such, support for media is an important prong of U.S. democracy and governance assistance. USAID’s objective of the increased development of a politically active civil society provides a strategic rationale for mediarelated activities. In addition, a desired result of an enhanced free flow of ... more

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Public and Non-Profit Interaction: U.S. Assistance to Eastern European Media 1989-1995

Annika Thunborg

Lund; Bromley, Kent: Lund University Press;Chartwell-Bratt (1997), ix, 266 pp.

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Bilateral Foreign Aid

In: Broadcasting in Africa: A Continental Survey of Radio and Television

Sydney W. Head (ed.)

Philadelphia: Temple University Press (1974), pp. 215-251

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L'aide à la presse des pays en voie de développement

FIEJ Bulletin , volume 18, issue 70 (1966), pp. 12-26

"Essentiel des exposés faits au 19e Congrès de la F.I.E.J. sur le thème de l'assistance à la presse des pays en voie de développement — Les formes de l'aide africaine, latino-américaine, belge, française, américaine, anglaise et allemande y sont successivement exposées." (Jean-Marie Van B ... more

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Communications Media in Tropical Africa

A. Huth

Washington, DC: International Cooperation Administration (1961), 172 pp.

"The state of the communications media in tropical Africa — Radio, which lends itself to a system of collective listening, is the medium which should be borne most in mind — What are the possibilities of developing radio (broadcasting, reception, training of specialist staff, production of progr ... more

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How Good is T.V. in Latin America

W. H. Tomlinson

NAEB Journal , volume 20, issue 2 (1961), pp. 51-55

"Training of personnel for work with the communication media in Latin America — The importance of technical training in this field — Technical assistance from the United States — Need to set up a communication media centre particularly for the training of personnel — Where should such a cent ... more

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1st Regional Conference of Communications Media Officers. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Feb. 24 - March 1, 1958

USAID (1958), 124 pp.

"Moving knowledge and proved techniques from the more developed to the developing countries is the essence of the economic and technical cooperation programs. Wtihin this broad framework, communication media have two different but mutually complementing functions: one, to create or increase competen ... more