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Social Media and Inclusion in Humanitarian Response

Oliver Lough

London: ODI;Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG) (2022), 55 pp.

"This study forms part of the Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)’s wider research on humanitarian ‘digital divides’. Drawing on existing literature, interviews with humanitarian practitioners and research with people affected by crisis in Venezuela and Uganda, it explores how the presence of soci ... more

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Social Media and Inclusion in Humanitarian Response: ‘Caminantes’ at the Venezuela–Colombia Border

Mariela Torrealba, Yorelis Acosta

London: ODI;Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG);Medianálisis (2022), 18 pp.

"The testimonies of caminantes [migrants and refugees travelling primarily by foot] interviewed for this study highlight the significant limitations of social media as a tool for inclusion among populations on the move in Venezuela and Colombia. It is important to note that caminantes are an acutely ... more

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Social Media and Inclusion in Humanitarian Action: The Case of Refugees in Uganda

Chris Dolan, David N. Tshimba, Gilbert Nuwagira

London: ODI;Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG);Medianálisis (2022), 40 pp.

"The potential benefits of increased digitalisation to refugees, living in situations where access to information and spaces for communication exchange are of the essence, are yet to be realised. Uganda’s forced migrants, both those in refugee settlements and those self-settled in urban areas, hav ... more

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Loss of Tonga’s Telecommunication: What Happened, What Were the Consequences and How Were They Managed?

Niels Naghelus Schia, Lars Gjesvik, Ida Rodningen

Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (2022), 4 pp.

"In January 2022 the subsea volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in Tonga had a major eruption which also cut the country’s communication lines nationally, between Tonga’s inhabited islands and the outside world. The damage led to a complete halt in international communication (a “digital darkn ... more

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Beyond Borders: Satellite Applications for Humanitarian Emergencies
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Giulia Costella, David Garcia, David Hodgson, Nicki McGoh, Stella Chelangat Mutai, Catherine Lilian Nakalembe, Rhiannan Price, David Taverner

Farnham, Surrey (UK): Caribou Space;UK Humanitarian Innovation Hub (2022), 97 pp.

"Satellite applications are being developed by an increasingly complex web of supplyside stakeholders and are being applied across a range of use cases in the life cycle of a humanitarian emergency. However, there is a limited body of evidence to offer humanitarians guidance on where satellite techn ... more

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Refugees in the Digital Economy: The Future of Work Among the Forcibly Displaced

Evan Easton-Calabria, Andreas Hackl

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 4, issue 3 (2022), pp. 1-12

"The current scale and duration of displacement prompts renewed urgency about livelihoods prospects for displaced people and the role of humanitarian organisations in fostering them. This special issue focuses on how aid organisations, together with the private sector and other actors, have worked t ... more

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The Digitalisation of Armed Conflicts: Three Humanitarian Priorities

Peter Maurer

Brussels: Brussels School of Governance, Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (2022), 5 pp.

"States should interpret – and apply – existing rules in a manner that ensures adequate and sufficient protection for civilians and civilian infrastructure, information and communication technology (ICT) systems and data in our ever-increasingly digitalised societies. Academia, tech companies, s ... more

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Digital Technologies and Inclusion in Humanitarian Response

John Bryant

London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI) (2022), 29 pp.

"This paper brings together the key findings of research into digital humanitarian action and inclusion, asking what the impact of new digital approaches has been on how inclusion is understood and operationalised in humanitarian action. The Humanitarian Policy Group undertook three thematic case st ... more

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Typhoon Rai Response: The Role of the Mobile Industry

Zoe Hamilton, Clara Aranda

GSMA (2022), 8 pp.

"Typhoon Rai has proven to be one of the most damaging disasters to have hit the Philippines. However, around 400 lives were lost due to Typhoon Rai compared to disasters like Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, when 6,300 people died. The significantly lower number of deaths highlights the country’s experien ... more

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Routledge Handbook of Humanitarian Communication
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Lilie Chouliaraki, Anne Vestergaard (eds.)

Milton: Routledge (2022), 486 pp.

"Recent years have seen the expansion of critical scholarship on humanitarian communication across a range of academic fields, sharing recognition of the centrality of media and communications to our understanding of humanitarianism as an agent of transnational power, global governance and cosmopoli ... more

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Explicability of Humanitarian AI: A Matter of Principles

Giulio Coppi, Moreno Jimenez Rebeca, Sofia Kyriazi

Journal of International Humanitarian Action, volume 6, issue 19 (2021), 22 pp.

"In the debate on how to improve efficiencies in the humanitarian sector and better meet people’s needs, the argument for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADMs) systems has gained significant traction and ignited controversy for its ethical and human rights-re ... lated implications. Setting aside the implications of introducing unmanned and automated systems in warfare, we focus instead on the impact of the adoption of AI-based ADMs in humanitarian response. In order to maintain the status and protection conferred by the humanitarian mandate, aid organizations are called to abide by a broad set of rules condensed in the humanitarian principles and notably the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. But how do these principles operate when decision-making is automated? This article opens with an overview of AI and ADMs in the humanitarian sector, with special attention to the concept of algorithmic opacity. It then explores the transformative potential of these systems on the complex power dynamics between humanitarians,principled assistance, and affected communities during acute crises. Our research confirms that the existing flaws in accountability and epistemic processes can be also found in the mathematical and statistical formulas and in the algorithms used for automation, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and other efficiency-gaining-related processes. In doing so, our analysis highlights the potential harm to people resulting from algorithmic opacity, either through removal or obfuscation of the causal connection between triggering events and humanitarian services through the so-called black box effect (algorithms are often described as black boxes, as their complexity and technical opacity hide and obfuscate their inner workings (Diakopoulos, Tow Center for Digital Journ, 2017). Recognizing the need for a humanitarian ethics dimension in the analysis of automation, AI, and ADMs used in humanitarian action, we endorse the concept of “explicability” as developed within the ethical framework of machine learning and humancomputer interaction, together with a set of proxy metrics. Finally, we stress the need for developing auditable standards, as well as transparent guidelines and frameworks to rein in the risks of what has been defined as humanitarian experimentation (Sandvik, Jacobsen, and McDonald, Int. Rev. Red Cross 99(904), 319–344, 2017). This article concludes that accountability mechanisms for AI-based systems and ADMs used to respond to the needs of populations in situation of vulnerability should be an essential feature by default, in order to preserve the respect of the do no harm principle even in the digital dimension of aid. In conclusion, while we confirm existing concerns related to the adoption of AI-based systems and ADMs in humanitarian action, we also advocate for a roadmap towards humanitarian AI for the sector and introduce a tentative ethics framework as basis for future research." (Abstract) more

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From Digital Promise to Frontline Practice: New and Emerging Technologies in Humanitarian Action

Leonie Arendt-Cassetta

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (2021), 65 pp.

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Media and Disaster Risk Reduction: Advances, Challenges and Potentials

Rajib Shaw, Suvendrini Kakuchi, Miki Yamaji (eds.)

Singapore: Springer (2021), xiii, 249 pp.

"The media is considered to be of utmost importance in all phases of disasters, before, during and after, with different types of media having different proactive roles to play in disaster risk reduction. Before disasters, they play essential roles not only in bringing early warning to people but al ... more

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Utilizing telecommunications / information and communication technologies for disaster risk reduction and management. Study period 2018-2021

Geneva: ITU (2021), xii, 162 pp.

[...] Early-warning systems play a crucial role in informing people about impending disasters and should therefore be deployed in disaster-prone areas. Effective information transmission and dissemination are important before, during and after a disaster. A workshop on early-warning systems held dur ... more

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Évaluation des besoins et de l’usage de la connectivité dans les contextes humanitaires: Guide d’utilisation de la Boîte à Outils

London: GSMA (2021), 39 pp.

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Humanitarian Connectivity Needs and Usage Assessment: Guidance for Implementing the Toolkit

London: GSMA (2021), 39 pp.

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The Climate Crisis: Mobile-Enabled Solutions in Humanitarian Emergencies

Jenny Casswell, Zoe Hamilton

London: GSMA (2021), 27 pp.

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National Emergency Telecommunications Plans: Enablers and Safeguards. A Brief Evaluation Guide for Policy Practitioners

Ken Okong'o

London: GSMA (2021), 16 pp.

"Section 1 focuses on creating an enabling environment. Mobile network operators (MNOs) operate in a regulated environment.5 However, if this environment is not sufficiently enabling to support disaster preparedness, response and recovery, MNOs will encounter challenges when disaster strikes. This s ... more

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Building and Strengthening Digital Ecosystems in Humanitarian Contexts

Belinda Baah, Zoe Hamilton

London: GSMA (2021), 24 pp.

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Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation Fund: Portfolio (2017-2022)

London: GSMA (2021), 28 pp.

Beyond Borders: Satellite Applications for Humanitarian Emergencies Top Insights

Routledge Handbook of Humanitarian Communication Top Insights

Beyond Borders: Satellite Applications for Humanitarian Emergencies
Top Insights

Routledge Handbook of Humanitarian Communication
Top Insights