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African Language Media: Development, Economics and Management
Top Insights

Abiodun Salawu (ed.)

London: Routledge (2021), 309 pp.

"This edited volume considers why the African language press is unstable and what can be done to develop quality African language journalism into a sustainable business. Providing an overview of the African language journalism landscape, this book examines the challenges of operating sustainable Afr ... more

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National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia
Top Insights

Amsterdam: Free Press Unlimited (2021), 33 pp.

"The intersection between media and politics remains very strong in several countries under study. In these conditions, there is often little transparency on media ownership and a lack of transparency on local funding sources of media. Relatedly, in some cases, a change in government policies was ra ... more

External Link (9)

Sustainability Goals in the Field of Media Development: The Case of Fondation Hirondelle

Michel Leroy

Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication (2020), 15 pp.

"The aim of this study is to analyse one of the leading development aid projects in the field of the media, Lausanne-based Fondation Hirondelle (FH), from a communication perspective: It will first be conceptualized in a broader socio-cultural and political sense, in relation to the paradigm of sust ... more

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Measuring Beyond Money: The Media Viability Indicators (MVIs)

Laura Moore, Ann Hollfield, Nadine Jurrat, Gerwin de Roy

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 7 pp.

"This paper presents a new set of indicators to assess the viability of news media at a time when the discussion about the survival of quality media is omnipresent, while systematic, fact-based strategies to tackle the problem are omni-absent. As digital transformation is sweeping through the media ... more

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Strategies and (survival) Tactics: The Case of Syrian Oppositional Media in Turkey

Yazan Badran

Journal of Alternative and Community Media, volume 5, issue 1 (2020), pp. 69-85

"This article aims to investigate the regulatory, financial and political environment negotiated by oppositional Syrian media operating in exile in Turkey, as well as to identify the main tactics used by them in negotiating between these constraints to ensure their survival in an increasingly diffic ... more

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Jordan Media Assessment: Executive Summary and Recommendations

USAID;Management Systems International (MSI) (2020), 15 pp.

"Implemented between January-March 2020, the Jordan Media Assessment (JMA) aims to provide an overview of the media landscape in Jordan, with a specific focus on how digital media impact Jordan’s democratic development. The findings will assist USAID/Jordan to determine the broader needs of the me ... more

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Myanmar Media's Response to COVID-19

Thal Nyein Thu, Jane Madlyn McElhone, Tessa Piper (eds.)

New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), 41 pp.

"In June 2020, MDIF conducted a survey of 36 Myanmar media outlets to gather information about the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses between March and May. They represent a mix of national media, as well as local media from the ethnic states and regions. Their operations are of various sizes: t ... hree media have 70-150 staff, 7 have 20-69, and 26 have 1-19. All the media surveyed felt the impact of COVID-19 almost immediately. Not surprisingly, as this has generally been the experience of media worldwide, commercial revenue decline was often dramatic: half of the survey respondents reported more than a 75% drop in income. Thirty-two of the 36 respondents had advertising revenue prior to the start of the pandemic, and all of them reported that it was negatively affected. All 19 media with print products were obliged to either reduce or even halt production. In response to collapsing revenues, 31 of the 36 survey respondents instituted spending cuts between March and May including, in some cases, cutting salaries and staff. Even as they reeled from the economic impact, Myanmar media also had to adapt their working environments. All the media surveyed quickly instituted work from home practices or else established social distancing in their offices and provided protective equipment for their staff. At the same time, more than half of the media reported having to contend with safety and security challenges. These came in the form of restrictions on movement, websites being blocked, on and offline surveillance, staff harassment and arrests. In common with media in other countries, one bright spot in this bleak picture has been audience growth. MDIF’s survey found that almost all media saw both their digital audiences, and audience engagement, increase. This had a positive knock-on effect for the media, with 30 respondents reporting that during this period they were able to strengthen their digital skills and knowledge due to the increased focus on their online content. The good news that 21 of the 31 respondents that sought emergency funding during the survey period obtained it, is tempered by the reality that the impact of COVID-19 has been deep and will be long lasting. The future for media in Myanmar is precarious." (Introduction) more

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Will the Palestinian Press Survive Corona Virus? The Media in Light of Corona Crisis Difficulties and Challenges

Ramallah: Palestinian Center for Development and Media Freedoms (MADA) (2020), 33 pp.

"A quick review of the media status in Palestine indicates that the restrictions and general measures that accompanied the spread of the epidemic will lead to the suspension of many independent/private media outlets, as a result of the interruption of their main source of income, represented in the ... more

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Media Viability in the CORAPE Network

Patricio Cerón Llive, Jorge Guachamín

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie;Coordinadora de Radios Populares y Educativas del Ecuador (CORAPE) (2020), 33 pp.

"The Coordinadora de Medios Comunitarios, Populares y Educativos de Ecuador (CORAPE) is the biggest network of community media in Ecuador, and since 2016 has been the main partner of DW Akademie in that South American country. Between 2016 and 2019 the two organizations implemented a project finance ... more

External Link (6)

Media Independence and Sustainability

Mira Milosevic

Global Conference for Media Freedom, November 16, 2020 (2020), 6 pp.

"Without new public funding, regulation of digital markets, and international support systems for non-profit media, independent professional journalism is in danger of becoming an expensive luxury rather than a universal public good. The press freedom and media development communities have joined jo ... more

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Sustainability of Professional Journalism in the Media Business Environment of the Western Balkans

Sanela Hodžic, Brankica Petkovic

European Union;TACSO 3 project;GDSI (2020), 54 pp.

"Independent media outlets in the Western Balkans are facing major challenges to their financial sustainability. With the exception of some of the largest broadcasters with national coverage and the most visited online media, the majority of media outlets across the region are not sustainable busine ... more

External Link (7)

Un futur durable: Étude de capitalisation sur les activités de pérennisation de la Fondation Hirondelle

Michel Leroy

Dortmund: Institut Erich-Brost, TU Dortmund (2020), 17 pp.

External Link (9)

Income Models of Independent Media in Difficult Contexts
Top Insights

Evaline Schot

Free Press Unlimited (2020), 48 pp.

"Diversification with age: The media in this research are in a constant process of diversifying their revenue streams. Generally speaking, the longer a medium exists, the more income streams a medium has. This shows that diversification of income models takes time and patience. Donor funding remains ... more

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Media Development and Sustainability in West Africa: A Study on Media Audience Mapping and Targeting Techniques, Capacity Building Models & Ownership Patterns in West Africa
Top Insights

Accra: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA);Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA) (2020), ii, 70 pp.

"Media Audience Mapping & Targeting Techniques in West Africa: 1. Audience measurement and ratings culture: The culture of audience measurement and ratings is still very rudimentary in much of West Africa. Within the current media milieu, where new technologies are yielding new forms of content and ... more

External Link (8)

Google Scholar (9)

WorldCat (7)

Media Freedom in South Africa Today: Unravelling Multifarious Threats toward a Research and Advocacy Response

Julie Reid, Glenda. Daniels, Kate Skinner

Communicatio: South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research, volume 46, issue 3 (2020), pp. 1-19

"This article assesses the multiple factors which are barriers to media freedom in South Africa. These include crises of financial sustainability of the media sector which have recently been compounded by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; widespread job losses in journalism; and harassment and phy ... more

External Link (8)

Google Scholar (6)

WorldCat (6)

Viability of Alternative Online News Media Organizations in Developing and Transformation Countries

Christoph Schmidt (ed.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos;Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 209 pp.

"The main aim of the present study is to assess the status quo and the influencing factors of media viability in developing countries and economies in transition. Accordingly, three general research questions have been formulated: 1. Which factors determine the viability of alternative online news m ... more

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Fighting for Survival: Media Startups in the Global South
Inspiring Practice

Anya Schiffrin

New York: Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) (2019), 180 pp.

"Three years after writing the report Publishing for Peanuts, in which we surveyed 35 media startups mostly from the Global South, we decided to go back and see how the outlets had fared. Our area of interest in 2015 was small-to-medium size independent media outlets with a track record of consisten ... more

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Namibia’s Media: Facing the Digital Challenge

Dietrich Remmert

Windhoek: Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR);Namibia Media Trust;Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung (HSS) (2019), 38 pp.

"Overall, it seems that few local media houses have really dedicated significant resources, time and capacity to exploring how best to both utilise and integrate online digital media and mitigate the threat of digitalisation. With regards to newspapers, NMH has probably been most active in seeking t ... more

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Vivir o sobrevivir? Sostenibilidad de las alternativas mediáticas en Uruguay

Gabriel Kaplún (coord.)

Montevideo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2019), 67 pp.

"Presentamos aquí datos básicos de los 13 casos analizados, principalmente desde la perspectiva de sus responsables. La Diaria, fundado en 2006, es un periódico impreso [...] Portal 180 es un portal web informativo que opera con una lógica empresarial basada en la venta de espacios publicitarios ... [...] Sudestada es un portal web que busca focalizarse en «la investigación periodística, el periodismo de datos y las coberturas de contexto» [...] Canal U es una señal de televisión que se emite en sistemas para abonados («cables») nacionales y regionales [...] Giro TV fue un proyecto empresarial que se conformó entre La Diaria y un conjunto de realizadores audiovisuales para presentarse al llamado a televisión digital terrestre comercial en 2013 [...] Mi Canal, un proyecto de la central de trabajadores PIT-CNT, también se presentó y obtuvo una frecuencia en el llamado de televisión digital terrestre de 2013 [...] Parking Films es una productora audiovisual de cine y televisión, proyecto unipersonal reciente (2014) de un realizador con trayectoria previa en otras productoras [...] Coral Films-Efecto Cine es una empresa dedicada a la realización de películas con potencialidad de difusión masiva (Coral) y a la proyección itinerante en pantalla inflable en espacios públicos de filmes propios y de otros realizadores uruguayos (Efecto Cine) [...] Tiranos Temblad difundía semanal o quincenalmente en YouTube acontecimientos uruguayos seleccionados de los videos subidos a esa red por los usuarios [...] El responsable del semanario impreso San José Hoy transitó una experiencia anterior, el periódico cooperativo Hechos de San José, que en sus tres años de existencia en los 80 empataba las cuentas [...] La Asociación de Radios del Interior (RAMI) reúne a 140 emisoras distribuidas en todo el interior del país [...] Las radios comunitarias uruguayas surgieron en la década de los 90 y se mantuvieron en la ilegalidad hasta la aprobación de una ley que inició un proceso de regularización que ha amparado hasta ahora a 165 [...] Televisión Nacional de Uruguay (TNU), el canal estatal fundado en 1965, cubre casi todo el territorio nacional gracias a una red de repetidoras locales." (Página 11-13) more

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Ethiopia: Reflections on Media Reform

Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute (2019), 60 pp.

African Language Media: Development, Economics and Management Top Insights

National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia Top Insights

Income Models of Independent Media in Difficult Contexts Top Insights

Media Development and Sustainability in West Africa: A Study on Media Audience Mapping and Targeting Techniques, Capacity Building Models & Ownership Patterns in West Africa Top Insights

Fighting for Survival: Media Startups in the Global South Inspiring Practice

African Language Media: Development, Economics and Management
Top Insights

National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia
Top Insights

Income Models of Independent Media in Difficult Contexts
Top Insights

Media Development and Sustainability in West Africa: A Study on Media Audience Mapping and Targeting Techniques, Capacity Building Models & Ownership Patterns in West Africa
Top Insights

Fighting for Survival: Media Startups in the Global South
Inspiring Practice