"This incisive Handbook critically examines the role and place of media and communication in development and social change, reflecting a vision for change anchored in values of social justice. Outlining the genealogy and history of the field, it then investigates the possible new directions and obje
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ctives in the area. Key conclusions include an enhanced role for development communication in participatory development, active agency of stakeholders of development programs, and the operationalization of social justice in development." (Publisher description)
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"This chapter examines the role played by community radio in social change through the lens of participatory communication and locates it within the context of the globalization of media. At present, even though there are multiple media outlets, much of the grammar of creating content feeds into the
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production values of a globalized marketplace and to an oligopolistic control of media by big multinational companies, resulting in a democracy deficit. In this chapter we argue, through a conceptual and empirical survey of community radio in many countries, that to build a robust civil society that can effectively negotiate with those in power for inclusive development and sustainable social change, it is necessary to create decentralised and democratic discursive spaces that promote freedom of expression and equitable access to media. Community radio is one such institutional space that has been effectively used by historically marginalised groups to make their voices heard." (Abstract)
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"Sustainability has been a guiding principle in development for long but gained renewed impetus through the worldwide adoption of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals following the increasingly tangible environmental and social effects of climate change. Achieving sustainable developm
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ent, however, has proved complicated, as it requires dealing with complex issues that cut across disciplines, sectors and stakeholder interests. This chapter explores what it takes to facilitate sustainable development and social change by unravelling the elements of a communication strategy that can bridge these complexities. Such a strategy is built on the principles of participation and empowerment and applies both ‘telling’ and ‘sharing’ functions of communication to inform, engage and connect stakeholders. These principles and practices are illustrated by two cases where conflicting interests existed between environmental and livelihood objectives. It concludes with the observation that a favorable institutional context is needed to operationalize effective communication for sustainable development." (Abstract)
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"This chapter presents the Multidimensional Model for Change (MMC), an innovative model aimed at improving people’s life; it includes the elements of the Communication-Based Assessment (CBA) and Communication Needs Assessment (CNA) frameworks. It is based on a mix of theories of change management
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and the current conception of communication for development (C4D) applied to investigate and understand the larger development picture using the postulates of the CBA framework, which includes the socio-economic, political and cultural environments in development and social change. The MMC when driven by C4D is effective in the development mode, even if it could also be used in other modes such as emergencies and empowerment. The MMC has C4D at its core and it cannot be applied without participation of all stakeholders. In addition, MMC addresses the shortcomings of the past by applying a cross-sectoral approach and multidimensional assessment which allow strategic and comprehensive planning." (Abstract)
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"[...] in this article, we present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for a panel of eight case studies (covering four continents) [Amazon rainforest, Brazil; Colombia; India; Bangaldesh; Egypt; Lake Manyara Basin, Tanzania; Baltic Sea, Germany; Isles of Scilly, UK] ] of communicat
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ions between project teams and local communities within the context of climate change or biodiversity loss. Our analysis develops eight indicators of good stakeholder communication, which we construct from the literature, in addition to Verran (2002) 's concept of postcolonial moments as a communicative utopia. Our study contributes to the (analytical) understanding of such communications, while also providing tangible insights for field work and policy recommendations. We demonstrate that applying our indicators can foster a more successful communication, although we find an apparent divergence between timing, complexity, and (introspective) effort of the project teams. While three case studies qualify for postcolonial moments, our findings show that especially the scrutiny of power relations and genuine knowledge co-production are still rare. We verify the potency of various instruments for deconstructing science; however, we also show that their sophistication cannot substitute other crucial factors. Instead, simple deconstruction efforts may suffice, while trust-building, proper time management, and an advanced awareness of the scientists are crucial. Lastly, we consider that reforming rigid and inadequate funding policies will help overcome significant barriers and improve the work in and with local communities." (Abstract)
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"As the most widespread and popular form of communication in the country, radio occupies an essential space in the deliberation and the construction of public opinion in South Africa. From just a few state-controlled stations during the apartheid era, there are now more than 100 radio stations, reac
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hing vast swathes of the population and providing an important space for citizens to air their views and take part in significant socio-economic and political issues of the country. The various contributors to this book demonstrate that whilst print and television media often serve elite interests and audiences, the low cost and flexibility of radio has helped it to create a ‘common’ space for national dialogue and deliberation. The book also investigates the ways in which digital technologies have enhanced the consumption of radio and produced a sense of imagined community for citizens, including those in marginalised communities and rural areas." (Publisher description)
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"Most effective agriculture, environment and natural resource management projects tend to be those in which community members, development practitioners or agriculture experts jointly identify research or development parameters and participate in the decision-making process. In these projects, commu
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nity engagement, consultation and participation occur from the very beginning and continue through the arc of the project. Here, the research and development process itself generates a situation of empowerment in which participants transform their view of reality enabling them to take effective action. This chapter delves deeper into participatory development communication, a branch of the development communication tree that takes a stand on empowerment as the key to sustainable development. The chapter reviews conceptual models associated with participatory communication, describes cases related to agriculture and natural resource management where the approach has been used to address challenges encountered by local communities and offers some thoughts for the future." (Abstract)
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"Hemos constatado que existe una gran diversidad de proyectos organizados por comunicadores locales, muchas veces en alianza con otros actores de la sociedad civil, que están interesados en desarrollar ofertas de información desde y para la Amazonia. En términos generales, las iniciativas más pr
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ometedoras para fomentar la discusión democrática en la región son aquellas que toman en consideración los siguientes criterios: están enlazadas con procesos sociales de base en los respectivos lugares; fortalecen la diversidad cultural y valoran la identidad de las personas y los colectivo; buscan soluciones tecnológicas adaptadas a las condiciones de cada lugar; buscan la formación de alianzas. El objetivo de este estudio se centraba por un lado en señalar las dificultades para comunicar en la Amazonia, pero también en delinear propuestas de cambio. En los diferentes foros realizados en el marco de esta investigación, así como en las visitas de campo, se pudieron conocer proyectos que se proponen mejorar la participación de los habitantes de la región en redes de comunicación, información y diálogo. Algunos de estos proyectos llevan a sus espaldas años de experiencia, otros todavía están en desarrollo. Estas propuestas se pueden sistematizar de acuerdo con su contribución a la formulación de soluciones a los conflictos socioambientales desde el campo de la comunicación. En esto hemos identificado cuatro áreas: diversidad cultural y biodiversidad; participación y desarrollo sostenible; gestión autónoma de la comunicación; visibilizar los conflictos socioambientales trabajando en alianza." (Conclusiones, página 51)
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"We have identified a great diversity of projects organized by local media producers, often in an alliance with other sectors of civil society that are interested in generating information offers from and for the Amazon. In general terms, the most promising initiatives for fostering democratic discu
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ssions in the region are those that take into account the following criteria: they work together with grassroots social processes in their respective localities; they strengthen cultural diversity and value the identity of individuals and collectives; they search for technological solutions adapted to the conditions of each place; they seek to form alliances. The objective of this study was, in the first place, to identify the difficulties for communicating in the Amazon, but also to make proposals for change. In the different forums established in the context of this research, as well as during the fieldwork, it was possible to become acquainted with projects that seek to improve the participation of regional inhabitants in communication, information, and dialogue networks. Some of these projects have existed for years, while others are still in development. These proposals can be systematized according to their contribution to the creation of solutions for socioenvironmental conflicts from a communications perspective. We have thus identified four main areas: cultural diversity and biodiversity; participation and sustainable development; managing communication autonomously; forging alliances to increase the visibility of socioenvironmental conflicts." (Conclusions, page 51)
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"This book tells the story of community radio in four South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The three parts of the book focus on policy (discussed country by country), issues in practice, and case studies. In effect, however, each of the chapters touches on these topics to
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one degree or another. The first section presents very helpful background on the introduction of community radio in the four countries, focusing not only on policy issues but also on the history of setting up the stations. The second section calls attention to particular challenges such as the role of NGOs, radio spectrum management, the introduction of somewhat advanced technologies into rural communities, the role of women, the possibilities of community radio for disaster response, and issues of sustainability. The third section (the case studies) offers a good deal of practical suggestions to address challenges such as conflicts in the communities, assessment of the stations, and the practices of democracy." (Review in "Religion and Social Communication", vol. 20:2, 2022, page 418-421, https://www.asianresearchcenter.org)
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"As a regional initiative, ComDev Asia has adopted the communication framework for family farming and the United Nations Decade of Family Farming (UNDFF 2019-2028). The framework emphasizes three main lines of actions directly linked to UNDFF-GAP Outcome 4.4. These are: 1) participatory communicatio
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n, 2) rural communication services, and 3) enhanced communication capacity of POs and other institutions. Likewise, the communication framework adds a fourth element on awareness and outreach for the UNDFF. Family farming organizations, community media, and FAO communication experts discussed and agreed on the communication framework for family farming and UNDFF during the “Inclusive Rural Communication Services for family farming and the UNDFF” held in Rome in December 2019." (Pages 2-3)
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"This article explores the “mindprint” of Paulo Freire upon processes of social change in Brazil, with a particular focus on how his liberating pedagogy has influenced practices of participatory communication and civil society development. In exploring the legacy of Freire, his work is approache
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d from the perspective of communication. This constitutes an original contribution as it positions Freire’s work within a communication epistemology and his vision as one of communication. A brief rigorous review is conducted of the history and development of citizen engagement in Brazil from the 1950s until 2020, identifying key phases of democratic development, and the legacy of Freire herein assessed. It is found that rather than representing specific policies or formal educational projects, Paulo Freire has become a key symbol and inspiration that has influenced a broad gamut of civil society, and continues, in a variety of forms and contexts, to inspire social change processes in Brazil."
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"The guide aims to make what community engagement practitioners do visible and demonstrate why it matters. We’re not walking Rolodexes for reporters to tap, nor are we party planners or social media administrators. We create spaces and processes for the people we want to serve to articulate their
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experiences and collaborate with our newsrooms to report them. This takes more time and effort than you might think. It involves a lot of unglamorous labor, such as coordinating meetings, taking and distributing notes, following up with people about tasks, facilitating group processes, and developing partnerships — skill sets that are not often celebrated in newsroom culture, but whose absence is felt acutely when they are missing. This guide is about what engagement looks like and what it takes to do it well. My hope is that it fuels colleagues’ efforts nationwide who struggle for recognition and support in newsroom workflows, as well as helps editors and reporters realize that engagement is not separate from editorial, but plays a fundamental role in crafting relevant, powerful, and nuanced journalism." (Page 5)
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"This guide will offer a range of tools and methods that can be used to promote a more inclusive form of journalism and storytelling, with marginalised groups and individuals. It’s based on over half a decade of experience and making award-winning, high-impact content in collaboration with reporte
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rs from marginalised communities all over the world - from garment workers in Bangladesh and people living with dementia in the UK, to quarantined villages covering the Ebola crisis in Sierra Leone. This isn’t intended as a definitive guide. Every context will have its own unique challenges and every organisation will have its own workflows, outputs and audiences. This is an introduction to a framework to make journalism inclusive and empowering and borrows heavily from lessons learned from community organising, service design and the humanitarian sector." (Page 3)
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"The book contains 85 chapters written by persons who have been on those frontlines of communication and development [...] A variety of case studies appear in the book. For example, Kriss Barker and Fatou Jah – in a chapter titled “Entertainment-Education in Radio: Three Case Studies from Africa
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” – explore in detail projects in Nigeria, Burundi and Burkina Faso that used a communication intervention approach advanced by the Population Media Center. Other chapters in the Handbook take the reader to Spain, Kenya, South Africa, Kazakhstan, and beyond. Song Shi examines “ICTs and Modernization in China,” revealing that assumptions and theories of the modernization paradigm have significantly influenced the policies and projects on ICT4D in contemporary China. And, Song Shi writes, discussion on the potential of other approaches in ICT4D in China has also emerged among scholars. Hina Ayaz discusses the “Multiplicity Approach in Participatory Communication” in Pakistan – wherein the country adopted the Global Polio Eradication Initiative – only to run into negative perceptions and banning of polio vaccinations. However, a shift to a more successful approach, grounded in UNICEF’s social mobilization and communityinvolvement communication strategy, brought significant success. While many of the Handbook case studies incorporate participation as a significant development factor, they also address a wide range of social and political issues including, for example, civic engagement, sexual harassment, empowerment, and community voices. In addition to an abundance of case studies from around the world, the Handbook delves into various research methods that are being used to understand and design communication for development and social change interventions [...] Handbook editor Jan Servaes' own chapter (with Rico Lie), “Key Concepts, Disciplines, and Fields in Communication for Development and Social Change ” identifies five clusters of concepts and practices that are evident in the field today and which determine the activities and approaches in communication for sustainable development and social change interventions: The clusters are (1) a normative cluster of concepts; (2) a cluster of concepts that sets an important context for communication activities for development; (3) a cluster of strategic and methodological concepts; (4) a cluster of concepts that relate to methods, techniques, and tools; and (5) a cluster of concepts that addresses the practices of advocacy, (participatory) monitoring and evaluation, and impact assessment. The authors extend their discussion into three subdivisions: (1) health communication, (2) agricultural extension and rural communication, and (3) environmental communication (including climate change communication). This leads the reader into issues related to (1) right to communicate; (2) education and learning; (3) innovation, science, and technology; (4) natural resource management; (5) food security; (6) poverty reduction; (7) peace and conflict; (8) children and youth, women, and senior citizens; and (9) tourism. Some of the forerunners of development communication have not been forgotten. In “Daniel Lerner and the Origins of Development Communication”, Hemant Shah links Lerner’s 1958 book Passing of Traditional Society to today’s modernization and faith in technology to solve social problems. Also contributing to the foundation of this field is Paulo Freire who contributed much to idea that participation should be a vital part of the development dialogue. Ana Fernández-Aballí Altamirano’s chapter on "The Importance of Paulo Freire to Communication for Development and Social Change" highlights his main work Pedagogy of the Oppressed as a "before-and-after" in the fields of education, research, and communication, initially in Latin America and later in both North and South. Particularly in the case of development communication and communication for social change, the author stresses, Freire’s work had a definitive impact ..." (Review by Royal Donald Colle, Journal of Development Communication, vol. 30 (2), page 92-94)
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"About 10 years ago we started sending each other images, back and forth, via email. Each photograph had to respond to the one just received. We have so far exchanged over 260 photographs, sharing snippets of family life, abstraction, travels, loss and humor. When we started, we had no particular pl
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an but rather we were curious about the idea of photography as dialogue and we wanted to see how our visual conversation would develop. A similar sense of open-ended inquiry informs this special issue which does not present a single resolved idea but explores the emergent, messy and indeterminate ways that images and image-making serve to facilitate – and obscure – dialogue. It is concerned with the potential and limits of photography as a dialogical medium and proposes an idea of dialogic photography that centres around the encounters, exchanges and negotiations that happen with, through and around images." (Abstract)
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"Du 21 au 23 novembre 2018, huit chargés de communication d’Afrique francophone du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) dont le mandat est de venir en aide aux populations affectées par les conflits armés, se sont réunis à Dakar pour échanger leurs expériences d’utilisation de l
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a radio comme outil de communication humanitaire, apprendre à évaluer l’impact de leurs programmes avec l’aide d’Adrien Zerbini, formateur de la Fondation Hirondelle. Organisation suisse à but non-lucratif, la Fondation Hirondelle fournit de l’information à des populations confrontées à des crises, pour leur permettre d’agir dans leur vie quotidienne et citoyenne. En décembre 2017, le CICR et la Fondation Hirondelle ont signé un accord de partenariat (MOU) pour favoriser les collaborations entre leurs équipes sur le terrain. Cet atelier fut l’un des fruits de cet accord de partenariat. A son issue, nous voulons garder une trace écrite des bonnes pratiques en la matière et vous proposer deux parties simples, didactiques, dont le but est d’être facilement utilisables: les «dix règles d’or pour une bonne production radio» et le «choix de la bonne production radiophonique et son évaluation»." (Introduction)
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"Community radio represents an opportunity for audiences to play a lead role in the production, dissemination and ownership of media channels and content. The active participation of audiences is one of the primary differences between community radio stations and their commercial and state-run count
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erparts. The role of participation though is complicated in environments where community radio acts as an instrument for development, as is the case in India where community radio licenses are held by either educational establishments or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Discussions around defining, encouraging and evaluating participation are extensive, yet little has been written about what defines meaningful participation from the perspective of community members. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in India, this article explores what makes participation meaningful and who is able to engage in this meaningful participation with community radio stations. Applying this perspective to community radio, encourages a more qualitative, holistic view of the benefits and outcomes of those who participate. Considering meaningful rather than maximalist or minimalist allows space to explore the impacts of participation in environments where it may be limited or restricted by structural factors. Engaged, invested audiences who regularly and meaningfully participate in their stations can help ensure that community radio remains a collaborative and powerful force within the global media landscape." (Abstract)
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"This guide suggests practices to support an active role for communities in humanitarian services and decision-making, improve access to information and keep people connected to support their own ways of coping. It emphasises a collective approach where humanitarian actors coordinate, collaborate an
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d are held accountable for their actions. It is based on action research into a number of initiatives and organisations as well as gap analyses and recommendations for strengthening and scaling practice. The guide is intended primarily for practitioners and leaders working in national and international humanitarian and media development organisations as well as other entities involved in preparedness, response and recovery. Experience in the humanitarian sector and prior knowledge of relevant policies, plans and processes is assumed, as is familiarity with the humanitarian architecture, the humanitarian programme cycle and accountability to affected populations." (Page 8)
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"This article seeks lessons for the sustainability of community media by looking at its role in Venezuela’s Bolivarian Revolution. It draws on recent theorization to define community media as an articulating mechanism of a maximally democratic civil society. It then situates this understanding in
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relation to the Gramscian notion of a ‘civil state’, which has increasingly informed Latin American socialism and in which the state’s role is to maximise participatory governance within civil society. The article then analyses the weaknesses of the Venezuelan community media sector under a liberal framework, and attempts to establish a new legal structure that would integrate participatory media with civil society and the Bolivarian ‘commune’ system. These efforts demonstrate that heterarchical institutional structures may best integrate community media with civil society in a manner that assures sustainability and autonomy." (Abstract)
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