Filter
1015
Featured
Free Access
631
Key Guidance
3
Quick Overview
1
Top Insights
28
Topics
Media Law & Regulation
240
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
215
Journalistic Quality
96
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
80
Censorship
72
Public Service Broadcasting
71
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
62
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
60
Journalism
56
Freedom of Expression
47
Media & Communication Policies
47
Journalism Education & Training
44
Media / Communication Control
43
Associations & Networks of Journalists
37
Politics and Media
36
Democracy / Democratization and Media
33
Press
29
Media Management
28
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
27
Self-Censorship
27
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
23
Media Ownership
23
Political Transition and Media
23
Communication Rights
22
Ethics in Media & Communication
22
Television
22
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
21
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
20
Media Use, Media Consumption
19
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
19
Radio
19
Newspapers
18
Media Assistance
16
Democracy
16
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
14
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
14
News Agencies
14
Media, Mass Media
14
Communication & Media Indicators
14
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
13
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
13
Watchdog Role of the Media
13
Development and Media
12
History of Media & Communication
12
Journalists
12
Press Landscapes
12
Female Journalists & Media Workers
11
Human Rights
11
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
11
Access to Media & Information
10
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
10
Journalism Ethics
10
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
9
Internet
9
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
9
Media Concentration
9
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
9
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
9
Election Reporting
9
Politics
9
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
8
Audiences & Users
8
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
8
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
8
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
8
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
8
Defamation Law & Regulation
8
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
8
Self-Regulation of Media
8
History of the Press
8
Satellite Television
8
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
8
Human Rights Violations
8
Media Outlets, Media Associations
8
Advertising
7
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
7
Editorial Independence
7
War Reporting
7
Social Media
7
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
7
Political Economy of Media
7
History of Media: 20th Century
7
Foreign Correspondents
7
Investigative Journalism
7
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
7
Islam and Communication
7
Civil Society
7
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
6
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
6
Freedom of Expression Principles
6
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
6
State Influence on the Media
6
Conflicts and Media
6
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
6
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
6
Media Development Indicators
6
Radio Landscapes
6
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
6
Public Spheres
6
Taliban
6
Cinema
5
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
5
Crime & Violence Reporting
5
History of Media: 19th Century
5
International Communication
5
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
5
Media & Information Literacy
5
Propaganda
5
Religion and Communication
5
Non-Western Communication Approaches
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Community Media
4
Community Radios
4
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
4
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Popular Cultures
4
Economy
4
Local Journalism
4
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
4
Media System Analyses & Typologies
4
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
4
Television Landscapes
4
Television Law & Regulation
4
Media Effects
4
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
4
Research in Media & Communication
4
Violence
4
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
4
Catholic Church and Communication
3
Christian Communication
3
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
3
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
3
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
3
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
3
Convergence of Media
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
3
Information Society
3
Racism in Communication & Media
3
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
3
Media Industries
3
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
3
Press Councils
3
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
3
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
3
Gender & Religious Communication
3
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
3
History of Journalism
3
History of Media: Colonial Period
3
Globalisation of Media
3
World Information and Communication Order
3
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
3
European Union (EU)
3
UNESCO
3
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
3
Business & Economics Journalism
3
Political Reporting
3
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
3
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
3
Press Law & Regulation
3
Radio Law & Regulation
3
Regulatory Bodies
3
Populism
3
Democratization
3
Magazines
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Muslim Media
3
Society
3
Society & Media, Media Sociology
3
Informatics
3
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
3
SMS
3
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
3
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
2
Government Advertising, State Advertising
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
2
Area & Regional Studies
2
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
2
Catholic Media Organizations
2
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
2
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
2
Copyright Law
2
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
2
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Alternative Press
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Traditional Communication
2
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
2
Terrorism
2
Civil Wars
2
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
2
Development Assistance
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Multimedia Products & Production
2
Blogging, Blogs
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
2
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
2
Media Commercialisation
2
Media Markets
2
Training
2
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
2
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Women (General)
2
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
2
COVID-19 Communication
2
Colonial Legacies
2
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
2
Foreign Policies
2
Council of Europe
2
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
2
Legal Status of Journalists
2
News
2
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
2
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Local Communication & Media
2
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
2
Information Policies
2
Civil Rights
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Licensing of Media
2
National Security Legislation
2
Nationalisation of Media
2
Religious Freedom
2
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Refugees / Displaced People
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
2
Government Policies
2
Internal Politics
2
Military
2
Political Transition
2
Public Interest
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Political Communication
2
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
2
Manipulation
2
Religion and Politics
2
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
2
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
2
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Social Change
2
Telecommunications
2
Telecommunication Infrastructure
2
Al-Jazeera
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Publishing
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Press
1
Catholic Radios
1
Leo XIV (Pope)
1
Children and Media
1
Orthodox Churches
1
WACC
1
Film Industries
1
Films
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Intellectual Property
1
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
History of Press Freedom & Censorship
1
Right to be Forgotten
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Communication Strategies
1
Public Relations
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
1
Community Television
1
Participatory Communication
1
Genocides
1
International Conflicts
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Authors, Writers
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
National Character
1
National Integration
1
World Bank
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Information For All Programme (IFAP/UNESCO)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Good Governance
1
North South Relations
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Search Engines
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Telegram
1
YouTube
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
AI Reporting
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Information Highway
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Economics of Media
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Distribution of Media
1
Game Industries, Game Production
1
Printing Industries
1
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
1
Television Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Adult Education
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Radios
1
Radio Schools
1
Entertainment and Media / Communication
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Morals
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Health Journalism
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History (General)
1
History of Radio
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
International Media Associations / Organizations
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
International Relations
1
Dependence
1
International Organizations
1
African Union (AU)
1
Windhoek Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (UNESCO, 1991)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Features
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Television News
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Risk Communication
1
Television Journalism
1
Language
1
French Language
1
Language and Media
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
China: Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
1
Communication
1
Communication Networks
1
Communication Processes
1
Communication Systems
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Presentation of Information
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Media Democratization
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Diasporas
1
Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Photography
1
Elections
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Islamization
1
Political Change
1
Political Doctrines
1
Capitalism
1
Socialism
1
Political Movements
1
Political Preferences
1
Political Systems
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Parliaments
1
Centralization
1
Agenda Setting
1
Framing
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
Local Newspapers
1
Periodicals
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Commercial Radios
1
Radio Progreso (El Progreso, Honduras)
1
University Radios
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Media Reception
1
Ideologies
1
Socialization
1
Confucianism
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Hinduism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Jewish Media
1
Analysis
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Empirical Studies
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Political Indicators
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Apartheid
1
Rohingya
1
Popular Movements
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Aspects
1
Revolutions
1
Social Control
1
Digital Television
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Cable Television
1
Commercial Television
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Visual Cultures
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Challenges for Independent Media
Phnom Penh: Cambodian Center for Independent Media (CCIM) (2017), 14 pp.
"Only 11 percent of 75 surveyed journalists said Cambodian media was headed in the right direction, down from 71 percent in 2015. 83 percent said media freedom had decreased in the past year. 92 percent consider the shutdowns of independent media outlets this year to have been political. 38 percent
...
Commitments: Freedom of the Media, Freedom of Expression, Free Flow of Information 1975-2017
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, 4th ed. (2017), 75, 75 pp.
"In 2016, television broadcasts were watched by 80 percent of the population, Slovak citizens did watch more programmes in their non-mother tongue than in other EU countries." (https://medialandscapes.org)
Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition: Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age
Top Insights
Göteborg: Nordicom (2016), 199 pp.
Panorama de los medios en Ecuador: Sistema informativo y actores implicados
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2016), 62 pp.
"En Ecuador escasean tanto los análisis de los medios de comunicación privados, públicos o comunitarios, como del consumo mediático o de la formación periodística. Los pocos datos disponibles han impedido que se puedan realizar estudios complejos y exhaustivos. El presente informe se centra en
...
Media and Political Contestation in the Contemporary Arab World: A Decade of Change
New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2016), viii, 327 pp.
"Much has been made of the role of various media in the shaping of conflicts and political agendas in today's Arab world. This volume examines this topic with interdisciplinary contributions that range across media studies, anthroplogy, religious studies, and political science and explore both new a
...
Freedom of the Press 2016: The Battle for the Dominant Message
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2016), 28 pp.
"Global press freedom declined to its lowest point in 12 years in 2015, as political, criminal, and terrorist forces sought to co-opt or silence the media in their broader struggle for power. The share of the world’s population that enjoys a Free press stood at just 13 percent, meaning fewer than
...
Media Sustainability Index 2016: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Nicaragua
Washington, DC: IREX (2016), 12 pp.
"The media landscape in Nicaragua has suffered substantial setbacks in recent years since President Daniel Ortega assumed power in 2007. With his government having taken hold, the number of independent media has shrunk, access to public information has become scarce, and a new governmental communica
...
Media Use in the Middle East 2016: A Six-Nation Survey
Qatar: Northwestern University in Qatar (2016), 110 pp.
"It is too often assumed anyone can communicate via the internet or share in the benefits of easily available newspapers and free-to-air television or radio; this is not always true. Lower internet penetration and mobile broadband access in countries like Egypt and Tunisia, for example, stand in sha
...
Venezuela bajo la revolución bolivariana: Medios de comunicación y libertad de expresión
Buenos Aires: Fundación Cadal (2016), 155 pp.
"Lo que hace algunos años era un escenario de polarización entre medios de comunicación anti-Chávez y pro-Chávez sumamente tendenciosos, lo cual era el reflejo de una sociedad dividida, se ha convertido en un escenario de control gubernamental, directo o indirecto, sobre la mayor parte del disc
...
"The primary objective of the 2015 NIMP Mission was to provide technical inputs to activities underway under UNESCO’s Safety of Journalists project, particularly in terms of setting up an independent national mechanism on safety at the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). Another key objective
...
Croatia: Media Freedom in Turbulent Times: Report on the June 2016 Joint International Mission
Vienna: International Press Institute (IPI) (2016), 25 pp.
"Incidents of physical violence and – worse still – impunity for those who commit such acts continue in Croatia, an unacceptable situation for an EU member state. On the other, legal provisions such as the country’s criminal defamation and shaming laws have been abused to punish investigative
...
Stifling Dissent: The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in India
Human Rights Watch (2016), 117 pp.
"This report details how the criminal law is used to limit peaceful expression in India. It documents examples of the ways in which vague or overbroad laws are used to stifle political dissent, harass journalists, restrict activities by nongovernmental organizations, arbitrarily block Internet sites
...
Medien in Kasachstan: Entwicklung, Zustand, Perspektiven
Osteuropa, volume 66, issue 11 (2016), pp. 181-195
"Seit der Unabhängigkeit 1991 ist in Kasachstan ein Mediensystem entstanden, das formal viele Gemeinsamkeiten mit den Mediensystemen in konsolidierten Demokratien aufweist. Die Verfassung garantiert Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit, auf dem Medienmarkt herrscht Vielfalt, das Internet gewinnt zulasten d
...
