Filter
1015
Featured
Free Access
631
Key Guidance
3
Quick Overview
1
Top Insights
28
Topics
Media Law & Regulation
240
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
215
Journalistic Quality
96
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
80
Censorship
72
Public Service Broadcasting
71
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
62
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
60
Journalism
56
Freedom of Expression
47
Media & Communication Policies
47
Journalism Education & Training
44
Media / Communication Control
43
Associations & Networks of Journalists
37
Politics and Media
36
Democracy / Democratization and Media
33
Press
29
Media Management
28
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
27
Self-Censorship
27
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
23
Media Ownership
23
Political Transition and Media
23
Communication Rights
22
Ethics in Media & Communication
22
Television
22
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
21
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
20
Media Use, Media Consumption
19
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
19
Radio
19
Newspapers
18
Media Assistance
16
Democracy
16
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
14
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
14
News Agencies
14
Media, Mass Media
14
Communication & Media Indicators
14
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
13
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
13
Watchdog Role of the Media
13
Development and Media
12
History of Media & Communication
12
Journalists
12
Press Landscapes
12
Female Journalists & Media Workers
11
Human Rights
11
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
11
Access to Media & Information
10
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
10
Journalism Ethics
10
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
9
Internet
9
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
9
Media Concentration
9
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
9
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
9
Election Reporting
9
Politics
9
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
8
Audiences & Users
8
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
8
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
8
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
8
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
8
Defamation Law & Regulation
8
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
8
Self-Regulation of Media
8
History of the Press
8
Satellite Television
8
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
8
Human Rights Violations
8
Media Outlets, Media Associations
8
Advertising
7
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
7
Editorial Independence
7
War Reporting
7
Social Media
7
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
7
Political Economy of Media
7
History of Media: 20th Century
7
Foreign Correspondents
7
Investigative Journalism
7
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
7
Islam and Communication
7
Civil Society
7
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
6
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
6
Freedom of Expression Principles
6
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
6
State Influence on the Media
6
Conflicts and Media
6
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
6
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
6
Media Development Indicators
6
Radio Landscapes
6
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
6
Public Spheres
6
Taliban
6
Cinema
5
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
5
Crime & Violence Reporting
5
History of Media: 19th Century
5
International Communication
5
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
5
Media & Information Literacy
5
Propaganda
5
Religion and Communication
5
Non-Western Communication Approaches
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Community Media
4
Community Radios
4
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
4
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Popular Cultures
4
Economy
4
Local Journalism
4
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
4
Media System Analyses & Typologies
4
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
4
Television Landscapes
4
Television Law & Regulation
4
Media Effects
4
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
4
Research in Media & Communication
4
Violence
4
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
4
Catholic Church and Communication
3
Christian Communication
3
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
3
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
3
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
3
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
3
Convergence of Media
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
3
Information Society
3
Racism in Communication & Media
3
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
3
Media Industries
3
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
3
Press Councils
3
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
3
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
3
Gender & Religious Communication
3
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
3
History of Journalism
3
History of Media: Colonial Period
3
Globalisation of Media
3
World Information and Communication Order
3
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
3
European Union (EU)
3
UNESCO
3
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
3
Business & Economics Journalism
3
Political Reporting
3
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
3
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
3
Press Law & Regulation
3
Radio Law & Regulation
3
Regulatory Bodies
3
Populism
3
Democratization
3
Magazines
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Muslim Media
3
Society
3
Society & Media, Media Sociology
3
Informatics
3
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
3
SMS
3
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
3
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
2
Government Advertising, State Advertising
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
2
Area & Regional Studies
2
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
2
Catholic Media Organizations
2
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
2
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
2
Copyright Law
2
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
2
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Alternative Press
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Traditional Communication
2
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
2
Terrorism
2
Civil Wars
2
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
2
Development Assistance
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Multimedia Products & Production
2
Blogging, Blogs
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
2
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
2
Media Commercialisation
2
Media Markets
2
Training
2
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
2
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Women (General)
2
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
2
COVID-19 Communication
2
Colonial Legacies
2
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
2
Foreign Policies
2
Council of Europe
2
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
2
Legal Status of Journalists
2
News
2
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
2
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Local Communication & Media
2
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
2
Information Policies
2
Civil Rights
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Licensing of Media
2
National Security Legislation
2
Nationalisation of Media
2
Religious Freedom
2
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Refugees / Displaced People
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
2
Government Policies
2
Internal Politics
2
Military
2
Political Transition
2
Public Interest
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Political Communication
2
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
2
Manipulation
2
Religion and Politics
2
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
2
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
2
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Social Change
2
Telecommunications
2
Telecommunication Infrastructure
2
Al-Jazeera
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Publishing
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Press
1
Catholic Radios
1
Leo XIV (Pope)
1
Children and Media
1
Orthodox Churches
1
WACC
1
Film Industries
1
Films
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Intellectual Property
1
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
History of Press Freedom & Censorship
1
Right to be Forgotten
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Communication Strategies
1
Public Relations
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
1
Community Television
1
Participatory Communication
1
Genocides
1
International Conflicts
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Authors, Writers
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
National Character
1
National Integration
1
World Bank
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Information For All Programme (IFAP/UNESCO)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Good Governance
1
North South Relations
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Search Engines
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Telegram
1
YouTube
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
AI Reporting
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Information Highway
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Economics of Media
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Distribution of Media
1
Game Industries, Game Production
1
Printing Industries
1
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
1
Television Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Adult Education
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Radios
1
Radio Schools
1
Entertainment and Media / Communication
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Morals
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Health Journalism
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History (General)
1
History of Radio
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
International Media Associations / Organizations
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
International Relations
1
Dependence
1
International Organizations
1
African Union (AU)
1
Windhoek Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (UNESCO, 1991)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Features
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Television News
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Risk Communication
1
Television Journalism
1
Language
1
French Language
1
Language and Media
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
China: Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
1
Communication
1
Communication Networks
1
Communication Processes
1
Communication Systems
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Presentation of Information
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Media Democratization
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Diasporas
1
Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Photography
1
Elections
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Islamization
1
Political Change
1
Political Doctrines
1
Capitalism
1
Socialism
1
Political Movements
1
Political Preferences
1
Political Systems
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Parliaments
1
Centralization
1
Agenda Setting
1
Framing
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
Local Newspapers
1
Periodicals
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Commercial Radios
1
Radio Progreso (El Progreso, Honduras)
1
University Radios
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Media Reception
1
Ideologies
1
Socialization
1
Confucianism
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Hinduism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Jewish Media
1
Analysis
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Empirical Studies
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Political Indicators
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Apartheid
1
Rohingya
1
Popular Movements
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Aspects
1
Revolutions
1
Social Control
1
Digital Television
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Cable Television
1
Commercial Television
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Visual Cultures
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
The Great Leap Backwards of Journalism in China
Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2021), 81 pp.
Wanted! Real Action for Media Freedom in Europe
Council of Europe (2021), 70 pp.
Censorship, the Media, and the Market in China
Journal of Chinese Political Science, volume 25 (2020), pp. 285–309
"Pervasive media censorship in China is often seen as a strictly political issue. Although in past years reporters have had leeway to report on economic issues, the Chinese Party/state has moved to tamp down economic journalism, even arresting those who report on bad economic news. This shift brings
...
Cambodian Communication Review 2020
Phnom Penh: Royal University of Phnom Penh, Department of Media & Communication, Cambodia Communication Institut (2020), 65 pp.
The Shrinking Space for Media Freedom in Southeast Europe in the Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic and State of Emergency
Sofia: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2020), 50 pp.
Media Freedom in South Africa Today: Unravelling Multifarious Threats toward a Research and Advocacy Response
Communicatio: South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research, volume 46, issue 3 (2020), pp. 1-19
"This article assesses the multiple factors which are barriers to media freedom in South Africa. These include crises of financial sustainability of the media sector which have recently been compounded by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; widespread job losses in journalism; and harassment and phy
...
Les Gabonais demandent plus de liberté d’expression, mais pas pour critiquer le président
Afrobarometer (2020), 10 pp.
The Rise of Secular Nationalist and Islamic-Based Populist Communication Strategies: New Threats to Indonesian Media and Journalists' Freedom
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 124-146
"This study aims to examine the impacts of secular nationalist and Islamic-based populist communication strategies advanced by Jokowi and Prabowo on the Indonesian media and journalists' freedoms during the presidential elections of 2019. To address this topic, this study uses the qualitative method
...
Free Vs. False: Namibia’s Changing Media Landscape Presents Tough Choices for Citizens
Afrobarometer (2020), 10 pp.
"Most adult Namibians own mobile phones (88%) and radios (67%). Four in 10 (40%) own television sets, and one in four (25%) own computers. Daily Internet use has multiplied over the past decade, increasing from 5% in 2008 to 28% in 2019. But more than four in 10 Namibians (44%) still “never” use
...
A Roadmap to Protect Press Freedom During the Reconciliation Process
Afghan Journalists Safety Committee (AJSC) (2020), 8 pp.
"This paper is written for the purpose of creating a roadmap to support press freedom and freedom of expression in the Afghan reconciliation process. Afghan Journalist Safety Committee (AJSC) prepared the document in collaboration with Afghan media representatives. The sole purpose of the roadmap is
...
Shining a Spotlight on Media Freedom? Media Coverage of the Global Campaign for Media Freedom
City University of London;University of East Anglia (2020), 26 pp.
Journalism in Violent Times: Mexican Journalists' Responses to Threats and Aggressions
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 278-297
"The aim of this chapter is to describe Mexican journalists' responses to constant threats and aggressions. In doing so, it draws on 93 semi-structured interviews conducted in 23 of the most violent states of the country. The results indicate that violence against news workers has a twofold set of i
...
Rationalizing the Gap: How Journalists in a Nondemocratic Regime Make Sense of Their Professional Work
International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 4781-4802
"This article investigates how news professionals in a nondemocratic regime rationalize their institutional roles and daily reporting practices, negotiate boundaries of their work, and make sense of their professional activities. This study used qualitative interviewing to explore personal experienc
...
Tabloid Journalism and Press Freedom in Africa
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2020), x, 184 pp.
"This book studies tabloid journalism newspapers within the broader context of press freedom in Africa. After defining tabloid journalism and professional practices within various political contexts, the book then proceeds to consider tabloids in Southern Africa and emerging cyberspace laws. Many fa
...
From repression to oppression: News journalism in Turkey 2013–2018
Media, Culture & Society, volume 42, issue 7-8 (2020), pp. 1443-1460
"The political context for practicing free and independent journalism has always been challenging in Turkey and ever more so after the failed coup d’état of 2016. This article examines and analyzes the changes brought about by this failed coup d’état in terms of their civil, legal, and politic
...
Journalism and self-censorship in the insecure democracies of Central America
In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 13-28
"This chapter focuses on the context of violence and political polarization in three Central American countries: Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, and analyses how these conditions negatively affect press freedom and the practice of journalism. The author argues that the notion of “insecure dem
...
Safety and self-censorship: Examining their linkage to social media use among Uganda journalists
In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 164-180
"This chapter’s point of departure lies in its focus on how journalists and media organizations navigate through unsafe environments and avoid self-censorship. The study specifically explores the connection between safety and self-censorship and journalist’s deployment of social media in the Uga
...
Chilling or cosy effects? Zimbabwean journalists’ experiences and the struggle for definition of self-censorship
In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 47-64
"The definition of censorship denotes direct or overt restriction on free expression or freedom of the media. The popular understanding of self-censorship involves a person’s involuntary self-silencing. A journalist’s wilful, personal, intentional self-censorship, at times motivated by selfish m
...
