"Romanian journalists said that objectivity is the most important attribute of their work. They strongly believe that their job is to report events exactly the way they happened, without any external or internal intervention. The low standard deviations in these cases indicate that there is a high l
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evel of agreement (at least declarative agreement) on the most important roles of the Romanian journalists. In addition, Romanian journalists think they have a duty to serve their public. As shown in Table 1, they believe their role is to educate the audience and provide an analysis of the current problems. However, the standard deviation shows that there is not a high level of agreement on the main roles of the journalists. For the majority of the Romanian journalists it is essential to assume a social role in the community. They consider it important to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to let people express their views, to support national development and to advocate for social change. The percentage of those who assume the role of watch dogs for the politicians is smaller; only half of the Romanian journalists questioned in this particular study believe it is important to monitor and scrutinize political leaders." (Journalistic roles, page 2)
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"With regards to professional role orientations, Ethiopian journalists found it most important to support national development, promote tolerance and cultural diversity, provide analysis of current affairs, and educate the audience. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interv
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iewed journalists as the relatively low standard deviations indicate. The least valued role among the interviewed journalists was to be an adversary of the government (20.2% saying “extremely” or “very important”). On the same note, around half of the respondents found it important to support government policy and convey a positive image of the political leadership. However, these and similar roles triggered relatively high standard deviations, indicating that the journalist population is split on politically inclined roles orientations." (Journalistic roles, page 2)
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"Like the first edition, issued in 2009, this book is intended to inform your professional life. Technically, it is published as a textbook for college courses in journalism ethics and communications ethics, and as the ethics textbook in a course combining journalism ethics and law. I hope that prac
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ticing journalists – especially young men and women who did not take journalism courses in college – will also find it useful for its comprehensive discussion of the standards of the profession. If you fit those categories of student journalist and practicing journalist, you will find yourself addressed directly in this book. I reach out to you in two ways: first, to help you learn to make ethically defensible decisions in the practice of journalism; and, second, to give you the benefit of the thinking of generations of professionals and scholars that resulted in today’s consensus guidelines for ethical conduct. With these goals in mind, I have divided the book into two parts. Part I examines ethics in a general way, shows the relevance of ethics to journalism, and outlines a decision-making strategy. Part II discusses specific subject areas in which journalists frequently confront ethical problems. Throughout the book, the consensus guidelines are explained, not to dictate your decision-making but to offer a starting point for thinking through the issues. The idea is that you don’t have to start from a zero base; you can build on the best thinking of those who have gone before. Where there is disagreement in the profession, I have noted that, too. In several instances I advocate for what I consider to be best practice." (Preface)
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"Four “classic” roles: to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, to educate the audience and provide news that attracts the largest audience are fairly unanimously seen as the most important among Estonian journalists, as the relatively low standard deviations suggest. Especially
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‘educating audience’ is historically rooted role in Estonian journalism. Estonian journalists clearly distance themselves from the political power: very few of them would support government policy or are ready to convey a positive image of political leadership. At the same time only a minority of Estonian journalists perceive themselves as adversaries of the government.
Estonian journalists seem not to have any consensus concerning the roles that in one or another way guide people: provide information people need to make political decisions, motivate people to participate in political activity, support national development and set the political agenda. They also have different views on providing entertainment and relaxation and monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders. Generally, Estonian journalists tend to perceive their role as a critical but neutral observer who tries to serve as many people as possible, accepting also the right of people to express their views. Traditionally they see themselves as educators of the public. They have different views on the activist type of roles." (Journalistic roles, page 2)
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"When it comes to professional role orientation, Latvian journalists are almost unanimous that journalists should report things as they are and act as detached observers. Interviewed journalists also found it important to provide analysis of current affairs, to educate the audience, to let people ex
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press theirs views, to tell stories about the world as well as to advocate for social change. All these professional roles, except the necessity to tell stories about the world (s=1.22) and to let people express their views (s=1.08), showed relatively low standard deviations, suggesting that journalists agree on their importance. Similar consensus among the respondents showed over the little importance of supporting official government policies and conveying a positive image of political leaders." (Journalistic roles, page 2)
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"For more than a century, men and women of The Times have jealously guarded the paper’s integrity. Whatever else we contribute, our first duty is to make sure the integrity of The Times is not blemished during our stewardship. Conflicts of interest, real or apparent, may come up in many areas. The
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y may involve the relationships of staff members with readers, news sources, advocacy groups, advertisers, or competitors; with one another, or with the newspaper or its parent company. And at a time when two-career families are the norm, the civic and professional activities of spouses, family and companions can create conflicts or the appearance of conflicts. In keeping with its solemn responsibilities under the First Amendment, The Times strives to maintain the highest standards of journalistic ethics. It is confident that its staff members share that goal. The Times also recognizes that staff members should be free to do creative, civic and personal work and to earn extra income in ways separate from their work at The Times. Before engaging in such outside activities, though, staff members should exercise mature professional judgment and consider the stake we all have in The Times’s irreplaceable good name." (Introduction)
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"Préparer une émission de radio, rechercher l’info pertinente, savoir la traiter et la mettre en forme dans le respect des règles de la profession, afin d’attirer l’attention de son auditoire et de l’informer au plus près de sa réalité : tout un art qui s’apprend certes dans les éco
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les de journalisme, mais surtout sur le terrain, sur le tas, auprès de journalistes engagés plus avant dans le métier. C’est un peu ce rôle de « grand frère » qu’ambitionne de jouer cet ouvrage. Écrit par un journaliste expérimenté, formateur dans de nombreux pays africains, il entend contribuer à renforcer les capacités de tous ceux qui œuvrent dans les radios associatives et/ou communautaires, et qu’on surnomme affectueusement en Afrique les « radioteurs ». Largement documenté auprès des écrits des confrères et illustré de nombreux exemples concrets, ce guide apporte des notions essentielles pour tout journaliste radio. Outre les recommandations sur les techniques spécifiques à ce métier de l’oralité, il attire également l’attention sur l’éthique et la déontologie des médias dans le contexte africain." (Dos de couverture)
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"Esse Guia é decorrente de forte demanda do movimento social brasileiro, provocada pela proliferação de narrativas midiáticas que violam direitos elementares, previstos em lei. Capitaneada pela TV, a tendência espraia-se por outros meios e dilui as fronteiras entre jornalismo e entretenimento,
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afetando a credibilidade da imprensa e colocando em xeque as regras da democracia [...] No Volume I, o leitor encontra um guia prático para identificar violações de direitos no campo da comunicação de massa, com exemplos extraídos de programas de rádio e TV de todas as regiões do País, e um apanhado inédito dos dispositivos legais que buscam harmonizar o direito à liberdade de expressão com outros direitos dos cidadãos, como o de terem a imagem e a privacidade respeitadas." (Contracapa)
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"Esse Guia é decorrente de forte demanda do movimento social brasileiro, provocada pela proliferação de narrativas midiáticas que violam direitos elementares, previstos em lei. Capitaneada pela TV, a tendência espraia-se por outros meios e dilui as fronteiras entre jornalismo e entretenimento,
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afetando a credibilidade da imprensa e colocando em xeque as regras da democracia. [...] cidadãos, como o de terem a imagem e a privacidade respeitadas. No Volume II, são reunidos artigos que refletem o teor dos debates travados pela sociedade civil em relação às produções em foco. São reflexões de estudiosos, militantes e observadores em geral do campo, abrangendo diferentes perspectivas, a partir mesmo do perfil dos autores, oriundos da academia e de organizações que defendem a liberdade de expressão e o direito à comunicação." (Contracapa)
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"The guide’s primary audience is investigators, journalists, advocates, archivists, and others who utilize eyewitness video for reporting, investigating, or documenting human rights issues. While the guide is primarily concerned with videos already produced, many of the ethical considerations disc
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ussed are also applicable to the broadcast and curation of live streaming footage. Finally, this guide is just that. Deciding if and how to curate eyewitness videos is rarely an easy process. At times, you may find two or more of the ethical considerations outlined below in conflict, and will have to use your professional judgment to make the best of an imperfect decision. The way you do so may depend on your own expertise, field of work, and objectives. We hope that the guidance and examples herein will support you in making those difficult decisions, and we welcome your feedback to help us update and improve these guidelines." (About this guide)
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"This book aims to be the first comprehensive exposition of "mindful journalism"-drawn from core Buddhist ethical principles-as a fresh approach to journalism ethics. It suggests that Buddhist mindfulness strategies can be applied purposively in journalism to add clarity, fairness and equity to news
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decision-making and to offer a moral compass to journalists facing ethical dilemmas in their work. It comes at a time when ethical values in the news media are in crisis from a range of technological, commercial and social factors, and when both Buddhism and mindfulness have gained considerable acceptance in Western societies." (Publisher description)
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"In this article, I address some central issues in journalism ethics from a fresh perspective, namely, one that is theoretical and informed by values salient in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on a foundational moral theory with an African pedigree, which is intended to rival Western theories such as Ka
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ntianism and utilitarianism, I provide a unified account of an array of duties of various agents with respect to the news/opinion media. I maintain that the ability of the African moral theory to plausibly account for issues such as proper content, investigative ethics, and freedom of speech means that it should be taken seriously by media ethicists and merits being paired up against competing approaches in future work." (Abstract)
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"Este Manual de Bioética para periodistas es el resultado de un Seminario organizado por el Programa Regional de bioética y ética de la ciencia de la UNESCO, en colaboración con la Universidad del Bosque en la ciudad de Bogotá, destinado a la capacitación de periodistas en temas de Bioética.
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El objetivo principal fue brindar los conocimientos básicos que los profesionales de los medios de comunicación deberían tener para informar de manera adecuada a la comunidad sobre temas éticos que involucran la vida en general y la salud humana en particular y que están atravesados por conflictos de valores, creencias, principios o derechos. [...] Se incluyen temas de bioética clínica como son los que emergen del comienzo y el final de la vida humana (aborto, fertilización asistida, directivas anticipadas, muerte digna, trasplantes de órganos, etc.), o de ética de la investigación (los límites que debe tener la investigación en la que participan seres humanos, los derechos de los pacientes y las obligaciones de investigadores, gobiernos y empresas farmacéuticas), las cuestiones relacionadas al medio ambiente (como el cambio climático, la contaminación con agroquímicos, los alimentos transgénicos, el desarrollo tecnológico y los riesgos para el planeta), y todo el gran espectro de temas sociales tan frecuentes en nuestra región como la exclusión social, la discriminación, la pobreza, la inequidad y, fundamentalmente el derecho a la salud. Estas, entre muchas otra cuestiones que son parte de la agenda bioética tal cual la entiende la UNESCO como un área de conocimiento que se aborda desde el enfoque de los derechos humanos y por tanto desde un paradigma más amplio que lo puramente biomédico." (Introducción)
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"During the years of Ba'athist dictator Saddam Hussein, media personnel were under tight control and tortured or executed when they strayed from the government line. In the decade following the fall of the Ba'athist regime, thousands of Iraqi journalists were trained in liberal democratic profession
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al norms, and hundreds of news outlets opened even as some of the old patronage practices and violence continued. This study utilized Shoemaker and Reese's hierarchy of influences model to examine factors influencing a proxy indicator for professional ethics, the value of conflict of interest avoidance among a purposive sample of Iraqi journalists (N = 588). We found that the news media routines and ideological levels, though not strong, had the greatest influences on this conflict of interest avoidance perception criterion indicator, the proxy for professional ethics. The findings suggest a tension between liberal democratic journalism training at the routines level and ideological aspects, in some cases, such as ethnic identity and political ideology. Strong influences on perceptions of conflict of interest avoidance were the type of media platform/Western journalism training, Arab ethnicity over Kurdish ethnicity, ideology of "democrat" over Kurdish nationalist or Islamist. No influence was apparent for Internet use frequency or state versus nonstate media." (Abstract)
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"Is journalism under threat? The image of journalists, as helmeted war correspondents protected by bullet-proof vests and armed only with cameras and microphones, springs to mind. Physical threats are only the most visible dangers, however. Journalists and journalism itself are facing other threats
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such as censorship, political and economic pressure, intimidation, job insecurity and attacks on the protection of journalists’ sources. Social media and digital photography mean that anyone can now publish information, which is also upsetting the ethics of journalism. How can these threats be tackled? What is the role of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights and national governments in protecting journalists and freedom of expression? In this book, 10 experts from different backgrounds analyse the situation from various angles. At a time when high-quality, independent journalism is more necessary than ever – and yet when the profession is facing many different challenges – they explore the issues surrounding the role of journalism in democratic societies." (Publisher description)
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"The goal of the seminar “Reporting on Corruption and Investigative Journalism” is a two-day active dialogue between journalists and investigators from the region in order to discuss the following topics: ethics of reporting - cases and practice in Serbia, investigative journalism and corruption
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, as well as the standards of reporting on corruption allegations. The direct intention of the organiser is to encourage the journalists to deal with this topic in their everyday work, as well as to encourage some of them to perfect themselves in the field of investigative journalism and to join specialised teams for investigative journalism. A collection of articles, created in particular for this occasion, is a result of many years of journalism experience in investigation, as well as of academic approach to the ethics of journalism, which is particularly important in investigative journalism and court reporting." (Pages 6-7)
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"This publication [...] deals with the major ethical challenges facing journalists and other media practitioners in an environment in which social media has been assuming increasing importance and influence. By providing guidelines on how to deal with these challenges, this publication can serve as
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a practical guidebook for journalists and other media practitioners. In addition, this publication discusses the relationship between media ethics, law and freedom of expression. It presents different models of media regulation and gives examples of journalistic codes of ethics from around the world. In doing so, the publication puts the debate about media ethics in a broader context and provides an up-to-date framework to rethink media ethics for the media of today." (Foreword)
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"Today, Mexican journalists see themselves as generational change agents. These journalists — many of whom are university graduates — stand in stark contrast to their corrupt, ill-equipped, trained-on-the-job predecessors who were fond of bribery and manipulation. Today‘s journalists define th
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emselves as professionals who strive to counter established power, seek to impart the truth without bias, and endeavour to overcome ordinary pressures and provide politically relevant and reliable information to their audiences. However, political structures, occupational culture, and individual values clearly influence the extent to which this cherished autonomy and committment to ethics can be practised. Therefore, it is not possible to speak about two separate generations — one unethical and the other ethical — but, instead, of one transitional generation where old and new elements blend." (Conclusion)
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"This study surveys the ethical beliefs of citizen journalists in several sub-Saharan African countries. The research showed that they are driven by a sense of social responsibility and a wish to inform their readers and the general public. Citizen journalists show a clear anti-authoritarian strain
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and an antipathy towards government regulation, yet most see themselves as subject to the same ethics that guide traditional journalism." (Abstract)
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