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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
49
Editorial Independence
45
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
44
Labour Market for Journalists
44
Ethics in Media & Communication
29
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
18
Journalism
18
Self-Regulation of Media
15
Media Law & Regulation
15
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
14
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
10
Journalism Education & Training
9
Journalistic Quality
9
Suicide Reporting & Media Representation
8
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
7
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
7
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
7
Investigative Journalism
7
Advertising Ethics
6
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
6
Victim-Sensitive Reporting
6
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
5
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
5
Discrimination-Sensitive Language, Minority-Sensitive Journalism
5
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
5
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
5
Politics and Media
5
Non-Western Communication Approaches
5
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
4
Ethics in Public Relations
4
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
4
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
4
Crime & Violence Reporting
4
War Reporting
4
Image Ethics, Ethics in Photojournalism
4
Press Councils
4
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
4
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
4
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
4
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
4
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
4
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
4
Al-Jazeera
4
Self-Censorship
3
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
3
Media Ownership
3
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
3
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
3
Female Journalists & Media Workers
3
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
3
Foreign Correspondents
3
Journalism Education Curricula
3
Journalism Sources
3
Journalistic Skills
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
News
3
News Values, News Selection Criteria
3
Democracy / Democratization and Media
3
Framing
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
2
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
2
Communication Rights
2
Freedom of Expression
2
Freedom of Expression Principles
2
Crisis Communication
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
Community Radios
2
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
2
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
2
Gaming: Ethical Issues
2
Ethics in Nonprofit & Community Journalism
2
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Gender-Sensitive Journalism
2
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
2
COVID-19 Communication
2
History of Media & Communication
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Globalisation of Media
2
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
2
Journalism Studies & Research
2
Local Journalism
2
News Agencies
2
Photojournalism
2
Radio Journalism
2
Business & Economics Journalism
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Election Reporting
2
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
2
Media & Communication Policies
2
Ombudsmen
2
Corporate Social Responsibility
2
Public Spheres
2
Public Service Broadcasting
2
Radio
2
Buddhism and Communication
2
Islam and Communication
2
Reality & Communication, Truth & Media
2
Television
2
Philosophies of Communication & Media
2
Advertising
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Print Media Advertising
1
Advocacy
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Research
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Catholic Communication Ethics, Catholic Media Ethics
1
Child Abuse
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Child Abuse Reporting
1
Christian Communication Ethics, Christian Media Ethics
1
Christian Ethics
1
Cinema
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Plagiarism
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
Community Radio Journalism & Production Skills
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Violence in the Media
1
Contents of Media
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Media Cultures
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Digital Media Startups
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Social Media
1
Facebook
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
Digital Philosophies
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Homeless People
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Disaster Risk & Preparedness Communication, Disaster Prevention Communication
1
Environmental Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Economics of Media
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Print Media Economics
1
Environmental Education
1
Ethics in Entertainment
1
Infotainment, Politainment
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Environmental Communication in Social Media, User-Generated Contents
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Water Resources Management, Water Access & Supply
1
Bioethics
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Defamation, Libel, Slander
1
Defamation: Effects on Victims
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Journalism Ethics: Covering Vulnerable Persons
1
Journalistic (In)Dependence
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Ubuntu (Ethical Concept of Southern African Origin)
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Gender-Sensitive Language
1
Addiction Reporting, Media Representation & Prevention
1
Health Journalism
1
History of Journalism
1
History of War Reporting
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
International Communication
1
Glocalization of Media
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Council of Europe
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Undercover Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalistic Genres
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Journalistic Style & Language
1
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Radio News
1
Print Journalism
1
Radio Interviews
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Media, Mass Media
1
Mindfulness, Mindful Communication
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Press Landscapes
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Television Landscapes
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
1
Television Law & Regulation
1
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
1
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
1
People with Disabilities: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Public Interest
1
Agenda Setting
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Political Transition and Media
1
Public Opinion
1
Press
1
Magazines
1
Newspapers
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Media Effects
1
Persuasive Communication
1
Buddhism
1
Confucianism
1
Islamophobia
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Muslim Media
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Interviewing (Journalistic Genre)
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Discrimination
1
Disappeared People, Missing People
1
Domestic Violence
1
Civil Society
1
Dalits
1
Robots, Robotics
1
Television Reports
1
Suburbs, Poor Districts, Slums, Shanty Towns
1
Urban Areas
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Ethics in the News: EJN Report on Challenges for Journalism in the Post-Truth Era

London: Ethical Journalism Network (EJN) (2017), 50 pp.

Journalists in Brazil

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Brazilian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to be a detached observer, to let people express their views, and to provide analysis of current affairs (see Table 1). These resu ... more
"This study analyzes ethical interpretations in the region’s investigative journalism community through a comparative analysis based on a survey conducted with journalists, journalism educators, and students from 20 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Our findings highlight the prevalence of a ... more

Journalists in Russia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"With regard to professional role orientations, Russian journalists found it most important to report things as they are and to educate the audience. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists as the relatively low standard deviations indicate. Likewise, the ... more

Journalists in Chile

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Chilean journalists found it most important to report things as they are and to provide analysis of current affairs. The relevance of these “classic” roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists as the relatively low standard devi ... more

Ideas y orientaciones para la elaboración de un código de ética

Buenos Aires: Defensoría del Pueblo (2016), 53 pp.
"La Defensoría del Público asumió el desafío de impulsar a emisoras de gestión pública y de gestión privada con y sin fines de lucro para que adopten el camino de la coregulación creando sus propios códigos de ética y manuales de estilo. Estas guías pueden partir de la definición de la c ... more

Journalists in China

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 5 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Chinese journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to provide analysis of current affairs, to support national development, to provide advice, orientation and direction for daily life, and to be a detached observer. The relevanc ... more

Journalists in Qatar

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 4 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, journalists in Qatar found it most important to influence public opinion, to advocate for social change, to support national development, to report things as they naturally are, to be a detached observer and to support government policy. About half of ... more

Journalists in Estonia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"Four “classic” roles: to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, to educate the audience and provide news that attracts the largest audience are fairly unanimously seen as the most important among Estonian journalists, as the relatively low standard deviations suggest. Especially ... more

Journalists in Mexico

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, the vast majority of journalists in Mexico found it extremely or very important to report things as they are, followed in second place by the role of promoting tolerance and cultural diversity, and the role of advocating for social change in third pla ... more

Journalists in Kosovo

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Kosovan journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, to provide analysis of current affairs, and to promote tolerance and cultural diversity. The relevance of these “classic” roles was fairly undispu ... more
"Like the first edition, issued in 2009, this book is intended to inform your professional life. Technically, it is published as a textbook for college courses in journalism ethics and communications ethics, and as the ethics textbook in a course combining journalism ethics and law. I hope that prac ... more

Journalists in Bangladesh

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"While answering questions about their professional roles, journalists in Bangladesh preferred being assertive with social issues. An overwhelming majority of the Bangladeshi journalists work to promote tolerance and cultural diversity (87.0%). They also put importance on advocacy for social change ... more

Journalists in Argentina

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Argentinian journalists found it most important to report things as they were, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to provide analysis of current affairs, and to let people express their views (see Table 1). A majority of journalists in Argen ... more
"With regard to professional role orientations, South African journalists found it most important to report things as they are (92.5%), to educate the audience (86.8%), and to let people express their views (84.6%). The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists ... more

Journalists in Bhutan

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Bhutanese journalists view their professional roles in very similar ways to Western journalists. The reason for this can partly be found in Bhutan’s effort to orientate its media on the media of Western democracies and therefore emphasize the “detached watchdog” role. “Report things as they ... more

Journalists in Hong Kong

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Hong Kong journalists treated as most important the roles of monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders, reporting things as they are, monitoring and scrutinizing businesses, providing analysis of current affairs, and letting people express their views. Given the emphasis on monitoring the power ... more

Journalists in Botswana

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"The top six roles, all with means above 4.5 and standard deviations below 1, for Botswana journalists, were a mix of those aligned with a liberal press (e.g., report things as they are) and those relevant to development journalism (e.g., support national development). “Report things as they are ... more

Journalists in Albania

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Albanian journalists believe their most important professional role is reporting things as they are, being detached observers and providing the kind of news that attracts the largest audience. These functions contrast with the dominant perceived role of journalists in the early 1990s as missionarie ... more
"The differences between the most and least important roles according to Czech journalists are very big. While almost 100 percent of journalists viewed their role to “report things as they are” as very or even the most important, only 1.4 percent of interviewed journalists perceived “support o ... more