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Understanding Russian Communication Strategy: Case Studies of Serbia and Estonia

Stefan Meister (ed.)

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2018), 60 pp.

"As a part of Russian soft (or coercive) power disinformation and propaganda have become key elements in an updated Russian security policy since 2012/13. For Russian leadership disinformation and propaganda have become key instruments to impact domestic debates in EU member states and in the neighb ... more

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Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics

Yochai Benkler, Robert Faris, Hal Roberts

New York, NY: Oxford University Press (2018), ix, 462 pp.

"Analysing millions of news stories together with Twitter and Facebook shares, broadcast television and YouTube, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the architecture of contemporary American political communications. Through data analysis and detailed qualitative case studies of coverage o ... more

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The Way, the Truth and the Life: Asian Religious Communication in the Post-Truth Climate

Anthony Le Duc

Religion and Social Communication, volume 16, issue 1 (2018), pp. 19-40

"This paper proposes that Asian religions can address the challenges of the post-truth mindset by resorting to powerful images within their traditions to communicate within and across traditions in order to promote religious unity and harmony. It asserts that the images employed by Jesus to refer to ... more

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Anti-Western Propaganda

Tamar Kintsurashvili

Tblisi: Media Development Foundation (MDF);UN Association of Georgia;USAID (2018), 38 pp.

"As many as 1,967 anti-Western comments were detected in the 17 monitored media outlets in 2017. In contrast to 2016 and 2015, when negative messages targeted human identity and rights, in 2017, a dominant topic was the foreign policy with the messages aimed at increasing the polarization on the for ... eign policy orientation of the country. This change in the strategic communication of pro-Kremlin actors shows that “loss of identity” was a rather tactical message that prepared the ground, while the messaging aimed at demonizing Georgia’s strategic partners (USA, NATO, EU) is of strategic nature. The United States of America accounted for the highest share of negative comments (25.9%), up by almost three times as compared to the previous year, followed by NATO (18,4%) and the West (14,1%). Compared to 2016, messages against the European Union have almost doubled (13.4%) whereas the comments about the loss of identity and human rights in anti-Western context have almost halved (12.9%). Comments against nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and the US philanthropist George Soros have trebled, as compared to 2016, and comprised 7.3%; this increase can be explained by a stepped up activity of far-right groups and their campaign to smear Open Society Georgia Foundation. Yet another change as compared to the previous years were clearer messages showcasing Russia as an alternative to the West and idealizing the Soviet system (7.2%). Comments against Great Britain (0,8%) have been mainly detected in two pro-Kremlin online media outlets – Georgia and the World, and Sakinformi. Alike previous years, the main source of anti-Western messages was media (827), followed by politicians (463), society (411), civil organizations (230) and the clergy (37). The structure of the Kremlin narrative in the Georgian discourse consists of three stages and aims at: 1. Creating threats; 2. Sowing distrust towards partners and Western institutions; 3. Ingraining a belief that Russia is the only option in fighting against the threats and that authoritative/Soviet-style governance is necessary. Four major threats were emphasized by pro-Kremlin actors: threat of war; threat of loss of territories; threat of bio subversion; threat of loss of identity." (Key findings, page 7) more

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A Short Guide to the History of ’Fake News’ and Disinformation: A Learning Module for Journalists and Journalism Educators

Julie Posetti, Alice Matthews

International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) (2018), 19 pp.

"This learning module designed to be used by journalists, journalism trainers and educators (along with their students) provides historical context for the analysis of the 21st century ‘fake news’ crisis. Relevant case studies and a timeline are designed to better inform users about the causes a ... more

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Issue Brief: Distinguishing Disinformation from Propaganda, Misinformation and 'Fake News'

Dean Jackson

Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2018), 5 pp.

"Disinformation is a relatively new word. Most observers trace it back to the Russian word dezinformatsiya, which Soviet planners in the 1950s defined as “dissemination (in the press, on the radio, etc.) of false reports intended to mislead public opinion.” Others suggest that the earliest use o ... more

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Fake news: Ambiência digital e os novos modos de ser

Rafael Zanatta, Sergio Amadeu et al.

IHU Online , volume 18, issue 520 (2018), pp. 12-51

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Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature

Joshua A. Trucker, Andrew Guess et al.

Hewlett Foundation (2018), 95 pp.

"The following report is intended to provide an overview of the current state of the literature on the relationship between social media; political polarization; and political “disinformation,” a term used to encompass a wide range of types of information about politics found online, including � ... more

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Media effects: Ensaios sobre teorias da comunicação e do jornalismo. Vol. 4: Reflexividade, hermenêutica e Fake News

Gilson Pôrto Jr., Nelson Russo de Moraes, Daniela Barbosa de Oliveira, Vilso Junior Santi, Leila Adriana Baptaglin (eds.)

Porto Alegre; Boa Vista: Editora Fi;Editora da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) (2018), 224 pp.

"Neste volume trabalhamos com Reflexividade, hermenêutica e Fake News adentrando em questões específicas do contexto social, político e cultural vivenciadas na contemporaneidade. Com um olhar atento para as teorias da comunicação, este volume adentra as peculiaridades das distintas regiões br ... more

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"Nichts ist, wie es scheint": Über Verschwörungstheorien

Michael Butter

Berlin: Suhrkamp (2018), 270 pp.

"Seit 2015 Hunderttausende Flüchtlinge in die Bundesrepublik kamen, kursiert im Netz die Theorie vom »Großen Austausch«: Das Land solle von einer globalen »Finanzoligarchie« mittels der »Migrationswaffe« ausgeschaltet werden. Neben mangelndem Vertrauen in die Politik ist der Glaube an Versch ... more

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A New Wave of Censorship: Distributed Attacks on Expression and Press Freedom

Daniel Arnaudo

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2018)

"In both authoritarian and democratic contexts, new forms of censorship online are carried out through distributed attacks on freedom of expression that are insidiously difficult to detect, and often just as effective, if not more, than the kinds of brute force techniques by state agents that came b ... more

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Meinungsmache im Netz: Fake News, Bots und Hate Speech

Peter Limbourg, Ronald Grätz (eds.)

Göttingen: Steidl (2018), 198 pp.

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Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online
Top Insights

Alice Marwick, Rebecca Lewis

Data & Society Research Institute (2017), 104 pp.

"Internet subcultures take advantage of the current media ecosystem to manipulate news frames, set agendas, and propagate ideas. Far-right groups have developed techniques of 'attention hacking' to increase the visibility of their ideas through the strategic use of social media, memes, and bots.as w ... more

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Soviet Subversion, Disinformation and Propaganda: How the West Fought Against it. An Analytic History, with Lessons for the Present

Nicholas J. Cull, Vasily Gatov, Peter Pomerantsev, Anne Applebaum, Alistair Shawcross

London: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) (2017), 7 pp.

"What were Soviet influence and disinformation campaigns? What did the West do about them? This study answers these questions, explaining the Cold War strategies followed by the USSR, as well as the Western response. Eleven case studies follow, each one examining a counter-disinformation tactic in d ... more

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Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making
Top Insights

Claire Wardle, Hossein Derakhshan

Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2017), 107 pp.

"This report provides a new framework for policy-makers, legislators, researchers, technologists and practitioners working on the theoretical and practical challenges related to mis-, dis- and mal-information — the three elements of information disorder. While the historical impact of rumours and ... more

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The Reality of Fake News in Kenya

London et al.: Portland;GeoPoll (2017), 18 pp.

"Alarmingly, the research reveals that fake news is a pervasive problem surrounding the Kenyan elections with 90% of respondents having seen false or inaccurate information and 87% viewing this information as being deliberately false. Why does this matter? An informed citizenry is vital to Kenya’s ... more

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Internet: Smarte neue Welt

welt-sichten, issue 12 (2017), pp. 12-42

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La désinformation et ses applications aux conflits internationaux via les médias: Comment une Afrique en quête de démocratie peut s'en protéger?

François Muisanza Katewu

Paris: L'Harmattan (2017), 176 pp.

"La question des « fakes news » ou de la désinformation - on ne peut plus actuelle - se pose avec d’autant plus de légitimité et d’acuité que les mass media et les réseaux sociaux sont devenus incontournables. Le champ d’action de cette théorie de la désinformation ne relève plus seu ... more

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Fakepolítica: Democracia y digitalización

Nueva Sociedad, issue 269 (2017), pp. 40-147

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Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights

Sanja Kelly, Mai Truong, Adrian Shahbaz, Madeline Earp, Jessica White (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2017), 1060 pp.

"Governments around the world have dramatically increased their efforts to manipulate information on social media over the past year. The Chinese and Russian regimes pioneered the use of surreptitious methods to distort online discussions and suppress dissent more than a decade ago, but the practice ... more

Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online Top Insights

Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy Top Insights

Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online
Top Insights

Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making
Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights