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Behind Closed Curtains: Disinformation on Messenger Services

Ann Cathrin Riedel

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 30 pp.

"Several studies analysed in this paper show that messenger services facilitate and exacerbate the spread of disinformation. Any solution must make allowances for the complexity with which information spreads. The case studies show that a lack of trust in government is a key factor in the proliferat ... more

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Die Machtprobe: Wie Social Media unsere Demokratie verändern

Thomas Ammann

Hamburg: Edition Körber, Sonderdruck für die Zentralen für politische Bildung (2020), 349 pp.

"Ammann hat den Aufstieg der sozialen Medien von Anfang an begleitet und zieht Bilanz: Sie bieten auf der einen Seite große Chancen für die Demokratie. Die effektive Nachbarschaftshilfe während der Pandemie oder der immense Erfolg von #fridaysforfuture und #blacklivesmatter basieren auf der Reich ... more

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Fake News und Desinformation: Herausforderungen für die vernetzte Gesellschaft und die empirische Forschung

Ralf Hohlfeld, Michael Harnischmacher, Elfi Heinke, Lea Sophia Lehner, Michael Sengl (eds.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 361 pp.

"Desinformation ist eine Konstante der politischen Kommunikation. Doch mit der Wahl Donald Trumps zum Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten und der Brexit-Abstimmung in Großbritannien erhielten bewusst lancierte Falschnachrichten eine neue gesellschaftliche Bedeutung. Denn nun wurde sichtbar, welche ... more

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Lie Machines: How to Save Democracy from Troll Armies, Deceitful Robots, Junk News Operations, and Political Operatives

Philip N. Howard

New Haven; London: Yale University Press (2020), xviii, 221 pp.

"Artificially intelligent “bot” accounts attack politicians and public figures on social media. Conspiracy theorists publish junk news sites to promote their outlandish beliefs. Campaigners create fake dating profiles to attract young voters. We live in a world of technologies that misdirect our ... more

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Free Vs. False: Namibia’s Changing Media Landscape Presents Tough Choices for Citizens

Christiaan Keulder

Afrobarometer (2020), 10 pp.

"Most adult Namibians own mobile phones (88%) and radios (67%). Four in 10 (40%) own television sets, and one in four (25%) own computers. Daily Internet use has multiplied over the past decade, increasing from 5% in 2008 to 28% in 2019. But more than four in 10 Namibians (44%) still “never” use ... more

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Defending freedom of expression: Fake news laws in East and Southeast Asia
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Bangkog; Manila: Asia Centre; Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats (CALD). (2020), 61 pp.

"This report compares the impact of legislation in countries with multiparty legislatures and independent government institutions, and countries with one dominant political force and an absence of independent national institutions. It finds that in the former countries, provisions are included to sa ... more

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Exploring Turkey's Disinformation Ecosystem: An Overview

Baris Kirdemir

Istanbul: Edam Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (2020), 28 pp.

"The study’s key findings revealed that the Turkish information landscape is exposed to nearly all kinds of false information at very high rates. Frequent botnet and troll activity in Turkey’s social media use brings about more disinformation, fueling polarization and subversive discourse. Above ... more

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10 Tips for Reporting on Disinformation

Data & Society Research Institute (2020), 4 pp.

"For journalists, disinformation presents a unique challenge; while they are guided by the mission of exposing wrongdoing to hold power to account, they are also one of the most common targets of disinformation campaigns. Without realizing it, journalists can amplify disinformation simply by doing t ... more

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Combatting Digital Disinformation: An Evaluation of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation's Disinformation Strategy

Amy O’Hara, Jodi Nelson

Hewlett Foundation (2020), 29 pp.

"The Hewlett Foundation’s decision to add a focus on disinformation to its 2017 US Democracy strategy was motivated by a desire to figure out how best to encourage social media platforms to reduce polarization exacerbated by disinformation.1 The foundation invested in two major efforts to support ... this ambition: a multi-funder partnership with Facebook to create data access for independent researchers to study the impact of social media on democracy and elections; and a grant making portfolio conceived to build an academic field to deepen the understanding of disinformation and identify policy solutions that mitigate its spread and impact on society . We found compelling the suggestion that disinformation is better considered a topic than a coherent field, and that multi-disciplinarity brings richness in framing, methods, and applications. Among Hewlett grantees, scholars self-identify as members of different fields that carry with them important epistemological and philosophical differences. We found evidence that there are perceived gaps between researchers, platforms, journalists, policy makers, civil society and others that obstruct the development of policy solutions. The missing competency among many academics to translate research findings for use, and of the need for tighter connections between scholars and decision makers were additional insights we gained about important gaps in the current landscape. During the two-year grantmaking period, the disinformation portfolio invested in varied policy and academic institutions and supported a diverse group of principal investigators. This is in contrast to the perceptions we heard about the foundation’s lack of a diverse grantee portfolio and approach. We learned from key informants and secondary research that there is an inextricable link between disinformation, racial and social equity and justice. A stronger communication strategy about the foundation team’s approach to diversity, equity and inclusion is warranted, as is a deliberate effort to showcase the work of all their grantees and their distinct perspectives. The foundation’s significant role in creating momentum for this body of work was widely noted, as was the need for continued leadership and support." (Executive summary, page 2-3) more

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Countering Russian & Chinese Influence Activities: Examining Democratic Vulnerabilities & Building Resiliency

Cyrus Newlin, Heather A. Conley, Amy Searight, Tim Kostelancik, Rachel Ellehuus, Jeffrey Mankoff, Devin Stewart

Washington, DC: Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) (2020), v, 31 pp.

"With their heavily censored and restricted civil societies at home, China and Russia exploit the asymmetry of democratic systems by targeting open information environments, freedom of expression, participatory civic discourse, and pluralistic and fluid politics. Democracies have unique vulnerabilit ... more

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Tackling Misinformation: What Researchers Could Do with Social Media Data

Irene V. Pasquetto et al.

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 8 (2020), 14 pp.

"We invited misinformation researchers to write a 250-word commentary about the research that they would hypothetically conduct if they had access to consenting participants’ social media data. The excerpts below provide concrete examples of studies that misinformation researchers could conduct, i ... more

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Causes and Consequences of Mainstream Media Dissemination of Fake News: Literature Review and Synthesis

Yariv Tsfati, Hajo G. Boomgaarden, Jesper Strömbäck, Rens Vliegenthart, Alyt Damstra, Elina Lindgren

Annals of the International Communication Association, volume 44, issue 2 (2020), pp. 157-173

"Research indicates that the reach of fake news websites is limited to small parts of the population. On the other hand, data demonstrate that large proportions of the public know about notable fake news stories and believe them. These findings imply the possibility that most people hear about fake ... more

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Fake News!

Rede Eclesial Pan-Amazônica - REPAM Brasil (2020), 6 pp.

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The 101 of Disinformation Detection

Carl Miller, Chloe Colliver

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2020), 21 pp.

"Disinformation tactics and the responses in place to try to mitigate them online are changing rapidly. Organisations witnessing or targeted by disinformation therefore require a baseline understanding of the threats posed by disinformation and how to spot them while conducting their work. This tool ... more

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Using Misinformation as a Political Weapon: COVID-19 and Bolsonaro in Brazil

Julie Ricard, Juliano Medeiros

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 2 (2020), 8 pp.

"With over 30,000 confirmed cases, Brazil is currently the country most affected by COVID-19 in Latin America, and ranked 12th worldwide. Despite all evidence, a strong rhetoric undermining risks associated to COVID-19 has been endorsed at the highest levels of the Brazilian government, making Presi ... more

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Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News in Social Media: Emerging Research Challenges and Opportunities

Kai Shu, Suhang Wang, Dongwon Lee, Huan Liu (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2020), viii, 288 pp.

"This book serves as a convenient entry point for researchers, practitioners, and students to understand the problems and challenges, learn state-of-the-art solutions for their specific needs, and quickly identify new research problems in their domains. The contributors to this volume describe the r ... more

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Desinformación en Venezuela: Reflexiones en tiempos de pandemia

Andrés Cañizález

Caracas: Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB); ABediciones; Medianálisis (2020), 87 pp.

"Todo se inició, en verdad, cuando tuve el encargo, en mi calidad de consultor internacional, de realizar una serie de entrevistas en torno a la desinformación en Venezuela con expertos venezolanos en temas comunicacionales y políticos. Las transcripciones de aquellas notas de voz, que se hiciero ... more

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Disinformation in Venezuela: Reflections in Times of Pandemic

Andrés Cañizález

Caracas: Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (UCAB); ABediciones (2020), 87 pp.

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Fake news: Acceptance by demographics and culture on social media

Giselle Rampersad, Turki Althiyabi

Journal of Information Technology & Politics, volume 17, issue 1 (2020), pp. 1-11

"Fake news has trumped up attention across cultures from the United States Elections to the Arab Spring. While political marketers have long used the language of fear and persuasion in their messaging, social media has intensified its impact. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence ... more

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Deepfakes & Disinformation

Agnieszka M. Walorska

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 31 pp.

Defending freedom of expression: Fake news laws in East and Southeast Asia Top Insights

Defending freedom of expression: Fake news laws in East and Southeast Asia
Top Insights