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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
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Journalism Education & Training
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
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Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
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Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
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Journalism
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Editorial Independence
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
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Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
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Boko Haram
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
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Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
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War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
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Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
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Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
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International Humanitarian Crisis Reporting, Foreign Disaster Reporting
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Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
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Suicide Reporting & Media Representation
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Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
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Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
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Information Sources of Journalists
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Journalism Education Curricula
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Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
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Local Journalism
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Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
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Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
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Television Journalism
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Local Television
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Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
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Military
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Populism
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Right-Wing Extremism
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Public Spheres
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Emotions in the Media, Emotional Functions & Messages of Media
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Memory, Memorizing
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Taliban
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Research Methods
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Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
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Rohingya
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Open Source Software
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Fear, trauma and local journalists: Implications for media development and peacebuilding

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 148-163
"In many transitional and conflict societies self-censorship is employed as a coping mechanism or survival strategy (Skjerdal, 2010; Tapsell, 2012). Recent research has examined self-censorship by journalists in countries in which there have been and continue to be media support and safety intervent ... more
"Features guidance from some of the industry’s most successful news correspondents and documentary makers, including Louis Theroux, Lucy Williamson, Tulip Mazumdar, Richard Bilton, Jina Moore and many more, all sharing their experience and expertise. It also features people who chose to tell their ... more
"In recent years, resilience training has been recommended as a way to protect news workers from the impact of reporting on traumatic events. However, do journalists see it as a useful tool in dealing with online abuse and harassment? This article explores Australian journalists’ conceptions of re ... more

Journalism in Violent Times: Mexican Journalists' Responses to Threats and Aggressions

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 278-297
"The aim of this chapter is to describe Mexican journalists' responses to constant threats and aggressions. In doing so, it draws on 93 semi-structured interviews conducted in 23 of the most violent states of the country. The results indicate that violence against news workers has a twofold set of i ... more
"If you have asked someone to cover a story for you, you have a legal and ethical duty of care to that person. The legal aspects may vary between jurisdictions, but increasingly courts are considering these issues and in at least one case (in Australia) have ruled against the news organization, in a ... more
"Afghanistan is one of the world’s most dangerous places for journalists. There are, however, no data on the mental health of Afghan journalists covering conflict in their country. The study aims to determine the degree to which Afghan journalists are exposed to traumatic events, their perceptions ... more
"The dynamic nature of reporting requires journalists to interrogate their emotions as well as their sense of professionalism. This article focuses on the complex relationship between emotionality and professionalism mediated by journalists who reported on cases of genocide. This extraordinary confl ... more
"Covering traumatic story assignments is often central to a journalist’s job. Violent crimes, natural disasters, and tragic personal struggles—these are newsworthy events. Studies have associated trauma coverage with higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout, and other traumatic str ... more
"Journalists are often first responders and eyewitnesses to violent news events. Trauma reporting can take its toll, resulting in mental health effects. Addressing the solution requires understanding the problem. This multimethod study used a national survey of journalists (N = 254) that shows that ... more
"An overview of current research on the occupational hazards for journalists covering traumatic events, the risk factors that aggravatethose effects, and some suggestions for mitigating those factors." (Introduction)

Turkey: How to deal with threats to journalism?

In: Transnational Othering – Global Diversities: Media, Extremism and Free Expression
Elisabeth Eide; Kristin Skare Orgeret; Nil Mutluer (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2019), pp. 171-190
"Journalism has always been an unsafe practice in modern Turkey. However, ties between the political system and democracy have been severed by the recent witch-hunt following the most recent failed coup, in 2016, and the subsequent societal collapse triggered by the administration of the state of em ... more
"Drawing from 93 semi-structured, in-person interviews with journalists from 23 states, this article analyzes the relation between trust and risk perception in Mexican journalism. It focuses on how Mexican journalists perceive and experience public trust placed in them as social actors, and how it i ... more
"In digitalized media societies, many journalists encounter audience hostility in publicly visible channels. Scholars theorized on the spiral process of the influence of audience feedback on journalists’ editorial work. In this spiral, audience feedback on past news coverage influences ongoing new ... more
"95 per cent of journalists killed in armed conflict are locally based journalists. While there has been increasing focus on the physical and digital safety issues these journalists face, there has been less attention towards the need for psychosocial support. Addressing psychosocial needs of local ... more

Crisis Reporters, Emotions, and Technology: An Ethnography

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2019), xviii, 232 pp.
"This open access book explores the emotional labour of crisis reporters in an original style that combines fictional and factual narrative. Exploring how journalists make sense of their emotional experience and development in relation to their professional ideology, it illustrates how media profess ... more
"While using qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study analyzes the issues and challenges faced by the journalists while working in the areas going under military operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and FATA. Based on the hierarchy of influences model, a survey was conducted in Wazirista ... more
"Afghan journalists have been experiencing a deteriorating situation, due to a multitude of threats. They operate in a situation of low popular literacy, as well as low media literacy. Threats from Taliban and other insurgents cause many journalists to live in constant fear. This article is based on ... more

Commitment Amid Conflict: The Experience of Central African Journalists Covering Their Country's War

In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Allan Thompson (ed.)
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 275-289
"The trend in international newsgathering is to greater reliance on local journalists and fixers to provide crucial information to a global audience. At the same time, these local journalists are themselves becoming targets of violence. Increasingly, local journalists are being killed in the line of ... more
"The literature on public figures attacked by their audiences is unclear why female and male figures react differently to attacks. This study examines why female journalists are more likely than male journalists to use avoidance strategies as a reaction to online attacks. Avoidance includes limiting ... more