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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
58
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
20
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
17
Journalism Education & Training
15
War Reporting
14
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
12
Female Journalists & Media Workers
10
Foreign Correspondents
10
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
10
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
9
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
9
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
8
Self-Censorship
6
Crime & Violence Reporting
6
Journalism Ethics
5
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
4
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
4
Photojournalism
4
Genocides
3
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
3
Documenting Human Rights Violations
3
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
3
Emergency Medical Aid
3
Investigative Journalism
3
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
3
User-Generated Contents
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
2
Censorship
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Crisis Communication
2
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Iraq War (2003)
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Journalism
2
Journalistic Quality
2
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
2
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
2
Conflict & War Photography
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Resilience
2
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Editorial Independence
1
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Boko Haram
1
Wars
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Violence in the Media
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Media Criticism
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Disasters, Disaster Relief, Disaster Prevention
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Prisoners & Communication / Media
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Humanitarian Aid
1
International Humanitarian Crisis Reporting, Foreign Disaster Reporting
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
1
Counselling
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Mental Health (General)
1
Suicide Reporting & Media Representation
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Foreign News, International News
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
Information Sources of Journalists
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Journalistic Skills
1
Journalistic Style & Language
1
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
1
Local Journalism
1
Newsroom Management
1
Business & Economics Journalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Television Journalism
1
Witnesses, Witness Testimonies
1
Metaphors
1
Local Television
1
Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
1
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Military
1
Populism
1
Right-Wing Extremism
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Public Spheres
1
Emotions in the Media, Emotional Functions & Messages of Media
1
Memory, Memorizing
1
Taliban
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Research Methods
1
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
1
Rohingya
1
Open Source Software
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"This volume presents an analytical and empirical overview of the array of issues that the Mexican media faces in the post-authoritarian age, which jointly explains how a partially accomplished democracy, its authoritarian inertias, and its unintended consequences hinder the democratic performance o ... more

Independent Online Journalists' Harassment and the Emotional Repercussions

In: Patterns of Harassment in African Journalism
Lungile Augustine Tshuma; Trust Matsilele; Mbongeni Jonny Msimanga; Sadia Jamil (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2024), pp. 109-123
"Communication the world over is a vital cog in communities. The sender and the receiver play different and complementary roles in information dissemination. Be that as it may, many contemporary information senders are faced with different forms of harassment. The advent of social media has seen a r ... more
"The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of art therapy in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the propensity to quit journalism among Nigerian journalists covering banditry attacks. The researchers utilized a quasi-experiment as the design for the study and sampled ... more
"Amid increasing threats and assaults against journalists across the globe, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province in northwest Pakistan remains one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. Whereas online harassment is increasingly affecting journalists, experiences of online harassment ... more

Safety of journalists: The symbolic violence and double burden of marginalized journalists

In: The Routledge Companion to Digital Journalism Studies
Scott A. II Eldridge; David Cheruiyot; Sandra Banjac; Joëlle Swart (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2024), 10 pp.
"Journalists have always worked amidst risks to their safety; risks that have become all the more exacerbated in the digital age. Scholarship has documented journalists confronting cyberattacks, various forms of harassment, verbal abuse and hate speech, as well as legal threats from a variety of act ... more

Safety, reactions, and organizational support: Estonian journalists' experiences with hostility

In: Global Journalism in Comparative Perspective: Case Studies
Dhiman Chattopadhyay (ed.)
London; New York: Routledge (2024), pp. 40-52
"This chapter concludes multiyear research on journalists’ safety and well-being in Estonia and focuses on summarizing journalist experiences with and reactions to hostility. In addition to categorizing and describing the problems, the chapter also provides insight into what journalists expect fro ... more
"Criticism towards journalists has increased significantly since the internet created easy and anonymous communication and has turned more abusive and threatening in recent years, becoming a regular feature of journalists’ work environment, particularly for women. This article presents survey data ... more
"This study investigates the experiences of journalists during COVID-19 pandemic from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) through a series of focus group discussions (FGDs). The research aims to develop strategies for enhancing journalists' capabilities and well-being in anticipat ... more
"Reporting on cases of genocide presents distinct complexities and challenges for journalists, who must negotiate practical, professional, and emotional experiences that challenge traditional expectations of their role. Previous research has provided strident critiques of this reporting, arguing Wes ... more
"This research article presents an examination of the findings and recommendations drawn from a series of focus group discussions (FGDs) with senior journalists. The main aim was to develop a strategy to safeguard the skills and well-being of journalists in the face of potential future pandemics or ... more

Psychological Aid and Training for Journalists Who Face Continued Emotionally Demanding Environments: The Case of Venezuelan Journalists

In: Handbook of Applied Journalism: Theory and Practice
Leon Barkho; Jairo Alfonso Lugo-Ocando; Sadia Jamil (eds.)
Cham: Springer (2024), pp. 301-315
"Journalism, particularly in conflict reporting, poses significant emotional challenges, with journalists often grappling with post-traumatic stress disorder and other traumas. This research delves into the emotional dimensions of journalistic practice, examining journalists’ perspectives on menta ... more

Safety Resources

Acos Alliance (2024)
"Our resources include a curated selection of the most practical safety guides from ACOS signatories and partners, alongside specially-designed tools and templates for journalists, editors and newsrooms." (https://www.acosalliance.org/resources)

Mental Health and Wellbeing for Journalists: A Practical Guide

London; New York: Routledge (2024), xiv, 185 pp.
"This book offers a first-of-its-kind practical, person-centred guide to managing and contextualising journalists’ emotional wellbeing and mental health. Drawing on the author’s experience as a storyteller, journalist, and media safety consultant, this book combines significant lived personal ex ... more
"Journalistic well-being is garnering increasing attention from scholars globally. Nevertheless, minimal research has explored how colleges and universities are teaching about such topics, especially as they pertain to hostility toward the press, which is on the rise. Utilizing a survey of journalis ... more
"This article interrogates the effectiveness of the safety measures available for journalists in the challenging operational environment. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 16 journalists representing different organisations from the conflict-prone areas in northeast Nigeria. Finding ... more
"Since 2017, 518 journalists have been attacked while covering protests (U.S. Press Freedom Tracker, 2021) which is one of the most dangerous places to be as a journalist in the United States (Sterne & Peters, 2017). Despite the volatile climate around journalists as they cover increasingly dangerou ... more
"The increased scale of cross-border journalistic investigations brings about severe challenges: online harassment, physical violence, legal threats, but also emotional challenges and mental stress that can lead to burnout. The latter has never been the focus of studies on cross-border investigative ... more
"Objective: To determine risk factors for symptoms of PTSD and depression in frontline journalists that traverse type of conflict, degree of exposure to stressors, language, and culture. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1,103 frontline journalists from 12 datasets (Balkans, 9/11 attacks, Iraq, M ... more
"The study attempts to understand how Pakistani journalists perceive Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and resilience in the wake of covering traumatic events. Qualitative interviews of 32 Pakistani journalists were conducted who had covered military operations against militants. The findings in ... more

Journalism as the Fourth Emergency Service: Trauma and Resilience

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2024), xviii, 257 pp.
"Journalists have often been considered the "fourth emergency service". They are first on the scene, alongside paramedics, fi re and police, running towards danger rather than away, and providing independent, veritable and crucial information in the public interest. And yet, unlike frontline workers ... more