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151
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Twitter & Microblogs
36
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
19
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
16
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
15
YouTube
12
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
11
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
11
Social Media in Political Communication
10
Social Media
10
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
10
Election Campaigns: Social Media
10
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
9
COVID-19 Communication
8
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
7
Instagram
7
WhatsApp
7
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
7
Catholic Digital Media Presence & Online Communities
6
Religious Digital & Social Media Practices
6
TikTok
6
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
5
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
5
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
5
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
5
Google
5
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
5
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
5
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
4
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
4
Algorithms & Big Data
4
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
4
Online News
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
3
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
3
Christian Social Media Presence & Online Communities
3
Parish Communication, Parish Public Relations
3
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
3
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
3
Cyberfaith / Virtual Spirituality
3
Digital & Information Literacy
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Digital Political Communication
3
Political Blogging
3
Telegram
3
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
3
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
3
Nazism
3
Election Reporting
3
Political Transition and Media
3
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
3
Antisemitism
3
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
2
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
2
Mobile Phone Use
2
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
2
Religious Media Use, Religious Media Audiences
2
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
2
Holocaust
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
2
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
LinkedIn
2
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
2
Digital Economies & Markets
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Gender & Religious Communication
2
Satellite Television
2
News
2
Regulatory Bodies
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
2
Right-Wing Extremism
2
Propaganda
2
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
2
Digital Wellbeing, Digital Resilience, Digital Mental Health
2
Everyday Life
2
COVID-19 Pandemic & Religion
2
Hinduism and Communication
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Judaism and Communication
2
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
2
Discrimination
2
Visual Communication
2
Access to Media & Information: Disadvantaged Groups and Minorities
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Advertising
1
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
1
Electoral Advertising, Political Advertising
1
Mobile Phone Advocacy & Campaigns
1
Transnational Advocacy Campaigns, International Advocacy Campaigns
1
Agricultural Information & Extension
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Segmentation, User Typologies, Personas
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
1
Health Information Access & Use
1
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
1
Information Needs: Migrants
1
Media Use: Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups
1
Media Reception & Effects: Youth
1
Mobile Phone Use: Youth
1
Milieus, Lifestyles
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Campaigning: Experiences
1
Campaigning: Planning & Implementation
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Press
1
Radio Maria (Catholic Radio Network)
1
Catholic Websites
1
Divine Word Missionaries (SVD)
1
Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers)
1
Solidarity
1
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
1
Christian Press: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Holy Mass Transmission: Television & Social Media
1
Missionary Communication, Media & Evangelisation
1
Digital Theologies
1
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
1
Hollywood
1
Communication Rights
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
1
Crisis Communication
1
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Online Marketing, Online Public Relations
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radios
1
Storytelling
1
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
1
Boko Haram
1
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist Recruitment through Media
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Religious Functions & Messages of Digital Media
1
Visual Anthropology
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Memes
1
Free Basics (Facebook Internet Access Programme)
1
Good Governance
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Development and Media
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Experiences
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Digital Media, Internet & Religion
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Research Methods
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Internet / ICTs and Social Change
1
Net Neutrality
1
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
1
Digital Market Concentration
1
Online Dating
1
Podcasts
1
Influencers (Social Media)
1
Religion in Social Media
1
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
1
Wikipedia
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
News Websites & Portals
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
ICTs and Development
1
Virtual Reality
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Xenophobia
1
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Media Concentration
1
Music Industries & Markets
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Video on Demand
1
Microcredits, Microfinance, Small-Scale Loans
1
Communication for Sustainable Development
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Ethics in Nonprofit & Community Journalism
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Success Factors
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender Issues: Media Coverage
1
Gender Norms & Roles
1
Good Practice Examples
1
Health Communication
1
Alcohol Abuse: Prevention & Media Representation
1
Health Campaigns: Experiences
1
Religion in Health Communication
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
History of Media: Colonial Period
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
China: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
1
Journalism
1
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Local Journalism
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Language Barriers
1
Linguistic Diversity: Internet & Digital Media
1
Translations & Translating
1
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Social Media Landscapes
1
Consumer Protection
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Migrants & Refugees: Tailor-Made Media Products & Information Services
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Refugees / Displaced People
1
Youth Migrants, Youth Refugees, Youth Dasporas
1
People with Disabilities: Access to & Use of ICT and Media
1
People with Disabilities: Tailored ICT & Media Products
1
Photography
1
Portrait Photography
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Governance
1
Fascism
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Public Opinion
1
Public Spheres
1
Video Production Skills
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Manipulation
1
Buddhism and Communication
1
Esotericism & New Age
1
Taliban
1
Jihad
1
Islam and Communication
1
Jainism
1
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
1
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
1
Rohingya
1
Technologies: Impact Assessment
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Visualization
1
Youth, Adolescents
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"This paper delves into the paramount significance of social media in contemporary warfare, shedding light on the critical need for effective measures to counter online radical narratives and prevent the spread of violent extremism. It explores how autocratic and repressive groups like the Taliban e ... more
"Risk and crisis communication (RCC) is a complex constellation of multiple actors, platforms, and voices. It involves institutional actors but also laypeople. Participation by social media users can both facilitate and obstruct effective RCC. The present study draws on in-depth interviews with Swed ... more
"Drawing on cases from across the continent, contributors explore the form and nature of social media and government censorship, often via antisocial media laws, or less overt tactics such as state cybersurveillance, spyware attacks on social media activists, or the artful deployment of the rhetoric ... more
"BBC Media Action’s innovative sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) project - Ma Shet Ne (Don’t be shy!) – was designed to support young people living in Yangon to access quality information and realise their rights. Research findings show that young people are highly engaged with the ... more
"Which functions do social media fill for non-state armed groups in countries with internal armed conflict? Building on conflict data, interviews and media monitoring, we have reviewed the use of social media by Myanmar’s nine most powerful armed groups. The first finding is that they act like sta ... more
"The volume helps us deconstruct COVID-19 discourses on crisis communication and media developments focusing on three areas: Media viability, Framing and Health crisis communication. The chapters unpack issues on marginalisation, gender, media sustainability, credibility, priming, trust, sources, be ... more
"Hate Speech ist Alltag, egal ob auf der Straße, im Parlament oder im Netz. Menschen werden beleidigt, entwürdigt und man ruft zu Gewalt auf. Die Folgen sind unübersehbar. Hate Speech ist so zu einem gesellschaftsbedrohenden Phänomen avanciert, befeuert durch politische und soziale Krisen wie di ... more

Chad's Transition: Easing Tensions Online

N'Djamena; Brussels: International Crisis Group (2022), 22 pp.
"Following years of government shutdowns, social media has become both freer and more influential in Chadian politics – particularly since the country entered a political transition with the death of President Idriss Déby in April 2021. While it has democratised political participation, social me ... more

Handbook of Digital Inequality

Cheltenham; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing (2022), xii, 386 pp.
"International contributors assess a variety of key contexts that impact access to digital technologies, including contextual variations related to geography and infrastructure, as well as individual differences related to age, income, health and disability status. Chapters explore how variations em ... more

The social atrocity: Meta and the right to remedy for the Rohingya

London: Amnesty International (2022), 72 pp.
"Beginning in August 2017, the Myanmar security forces undertook a brutal campaign of ethnic cleansing against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar’s Northern Rakhine State. A UN investigation found that the role of Facebook in the violence was “significant”. This report is based on an in-depth investi ... more

A Social Media Analysis Toolkit for Mediators and Peacebuilders

Build Up;Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (2022)
"Many mediators and peacebuilders are interested in using information about actors and narratives on social media to inform programming. Our starting assumption is that users of this toolkit do not have the resources to either hire a specialist social media analysis firm or to pay for commercial soc ... more
"The Russia-Ukraine war’s ramifications for Vietnam are felt beyond the economic and diplomatic realms. It has in fact become an online hotbed of conflicting and confounding narratives that demonstrate different worldviews and political leanings among Vietnamese netizens. An examination of 28 Face ... more

Digital 2022: Global Overview Report

We Are Social;Hootsuite (2022), 300 slides
"Double-digit annual growth has taken the global social media user figure to 4.62 billion, and current trends indicate that it will equal 60 percent of the world’s total population within the next few months. COVID-19 continues to hamper research into internet adoption though, resulting in reporti ... more
"This article takes up the popular argument that much online discussion is toxic and hence harmful to democracy, and argues that the pervasiveness of incivility is not incompatible with democratically relevant political talk. Instead of focusing on the tone of political talk, scholars interested in ... more
"Drawing on an original dataset of survey responses collected in the summer of 2022 across four countries - Brazil, India, the UK, and the US - they examine the relationship between trust in news and how people think about news on digital platforms, especially Facebook, Google, WhatsApp, and YouTube ... more
"Based on interviews with a strategic sample of 11 publishers in eight low- and middle-income countries, the authors of this report analyse how various digital publishers across a range of Global South countries approach digital platforms: both big platform companies such as Google and Meta; rapidly ... more
"Once a specialised and niche field within internet and digital media studies, internet governance has in recent years moved to the forefront of policy debate. In the wake of scandals such as Cambridge Analytica and the global 'techlash' against digital monopolies, platform studies are undergoing a ... more

History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 68 pp.
"This publication is the first report from UNESCO and the United Nations to specifically address Holocaust denial and distortion. It details the ways in which social media is fertile ground for hate and prejudice - and proposes actions we can take in response. Based on the data of billions of Facebo ... more

How Platforms Respond to Human Rights Conflicts Online: Best Practices in Weighing Rights and Obligations in Hybrid Online Orders

Hamburg: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung;Global Digital Human Rights Network (GDHRNet) (2022), 187 pp.
"Platforms have power. But this power is not unchecked. Governments have an important role to play in protecting their citizens' rights vis-à-vis third parties and ensuring a communication order in which rights are not violated. (And in addition, of course, they need to respect human rights themsel ... more