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Journalism Ethics
49
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
47
Editorial Independence
45
Labour Market for Journalists
45
Journalists
23
Journalism
21
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
17
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
15
Democracy / Democratization and Media
12
Journalism Education & Training
10
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
9
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
8
War Reporting
8
Non-Western Communication Approaches
8
Female Journalists & Media Workers
7
Foreign Correspondents
7
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
6
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
5
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
5
Media Law & Regulation
5
Political Transition and Media
5
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
4
Foreign News, International News
4
Politics and Media
4
Public Media, State Media
4
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
3
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
3
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
3
History of Media & Communication
3
History of War Reporting
3
Journalistic Quality
3
Local Journalism
3
Watchdog Role of the Media
3
Public Service Broadcasting
3
Al-Jazeera
3
Audiences & Users
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Election Campaigns
2
Media / Communication Control
2
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Iraq War (2003)
2
Cultural Values
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
2
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Election Reporting
2
Political Reporting
2
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
2
Media System Analyses & Typologies
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Political Communication
2
Research Methods
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Catholic Church: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Catholic Communicators & Journalists
1
Blockbusters
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Censorship
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Public Relations
1
Terrorism
1
Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War (1990-1991)
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Violence in the Media: Glorification
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Culture (General)
1
Western Approaches
1
Political Blogging
1
Online Magazines & Newspapers
1
Social Media
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Media Commercialisation
1
Television Markets
1
Ethics in Nonprofit & Community Journalism
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History of Journalism
1
History of the Press
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Globalisation of Media
1
Image Abroad
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Satellite Television
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
1
United Nations (UN)
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Information Sources of Journalists
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Qualifications, Degrees, Diplomas
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Journalistic Practices & Routines
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
1
News Reception
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
News Agencies
1
Xinhua (News Agency, China)
1
Newsroom Management
1
Print Journalism
1
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
1
Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Press Landscapes
1
BBC
1
Deutsche Welle
1
Voice of America
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Political Preferences
1
Agenda Setting
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Public Opinion
1
Public Spheres
1
El Espectador (Newspaper, Colombia)
1
Radio Ndeke Luka (Central African Republic)
1
Radio Okapi (Democratic Republic of Congo)
1
Radio Télévision Ivoirienne
1
Islam and Communication
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"Journalists in Malaysia view educating the audience, reports things as they are, promote tolerance, tell stories about the world, and cultural diversity and be a detached observer as their main roles (see Table 1). On the other hand, they did not indicate highly as their roles such as setting of po ... more

The War Correspondent

London: Pluto Press, 2nd ed. (2016), x, 267 pp.
"This book has presented a critical, historically grounded analysis of the role of the war correspondent. It has highlighted the risks, the problems and the failures that have defined the role but it has also given credit where that is due and acknowledged the inspirational example of correspondents ... more

Handbuch Journalismustheorien

Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2016), 734 pp.

Journalists in Croatia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 5 pp.
"Journalists in Croatia primarily see their roles in the classical (western) "watchdog" function of providing analysis of current affairs, monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders, and business. These values are followed by public-forum roles of the media through letting people express their vi ... more

Journalists in Kosovo

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Kosovan journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, to provide analysis of current affairs, and to promote tolerance and cultural diversity. The relevance of these “classic” roles was fairly undispu ... more

Journalists in Qatar

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 4 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, journalists in Qatar found it most important to influence public opinion, to advocate for social change, to support national development, to report things as they naturally are, to be a detached observer and to support government policy. About half of ... more

Journalists in the Philippines

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"In terms of professional role orientations, Filipino journalists found it most important to report things as they are, educate the audience, and advocate for social change. Most journalists were in strong agreement in the importance of these roles, as reflected by the relatively low standard deviat ... more

Journalists in China

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 5 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Chinese journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to provide analysis of current affairs, to support national development, to provide advice, orientation and direction for daily life, and to be a detached observer. The relevanc ... more

Journalists in Ethiopia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Ethiopian journalists found it most important to support national development, promote tolerance and cultural diversity, provide analysis of current affairs, and educate the audience. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interv ... more

Journalists in Latvia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"When it comes to professional role orientation, Latvian journalists are almost unanimous that journalists should report things as they are and act as detached observers. Interviewed journalists also found it important to provide analysis of current affairs, to educate the audience, to let people ex ... more

Journalists in Bangladesh

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"While answering questions about their professional roles, journalists in Bangladesh preferred being assertive with social issues. An overwhelming majority of the Bangladeshi journalists work to promote tolerance and cultural diversity (87.0%). They also put importance on advocacy for social change ... more
"Using the case of the hybrid media system of Uganda and Schimank’s approach of agent-structure dynamics, this article argues that media freedom and journalists’ autonomy first and foremost depend on society’s expectations of the media system. Closely linked to those informal structures of exp ... more
"(1) How do Chinese journalists perceive their roles and practices in conflict zones outside China? (2) How do they cover armed conflicts overseas? (3) Who are the actors, and how do they influence Chinese war correspondence? (4) Do the Chinese news media practice peace or war journalism? To answer ... more

Journalists in Sierra Leone

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"In their professional role orientations, Sierra Leonean journalists found it most important to educate the audience, let people express their views, report things as they are, support national development and advocate for social change. The respondents believe it is not their job to convey a positi ... more

Journalists in Argentina

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Argentinian journalists found it most important to report things as they were, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to provide analysis of current affairs, and to let people express their views (see Table 1). A majority of journalists in Argen ... more
"With regard to professional role orientations, South African journalists found it most important to report things as they are (92.5%), to educate the audience (86.8%), and to let people express their views (84.6%). The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists ... more
"This article challenges the traditional role ascribed by liberal and developmental media theory that journalists should either be watchdogs or developmental journalists but not both at the same time. As part of the South African leg of the Worlds of Journalism (WJS) project this article argues that ... more

Journalists in Bhutan

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Bhutanese journalists view their professional roles in very similar ways to Western journalists. The reason for this can partly be found in Bhutan’s effort to orientate its media on the media of Western democracies and therefore emphasize the “detached watchdog” role. “Report things as they ... more

Journalists in Hong Kong

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Hong Kong journalists treated as most important the roles of monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders, reporting things as they are, monitoring and scrutinizing businesses, providing analysis of current affairs, and letting people express their views. Given the emphasis on monitoring the power ... more

El periodismo por los periodistas: Perfiles profesionales en las democracias de América Latina

Buenos Aires: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS);Centro para la Información Ciudadana (infociudadana) (2016), 176 pp.
"La descripción del perfil laboral y los roles profesionales de los periodistas de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador y México aporta evidencias de ciertas tendencias que ayudan a entender en qué consiste ser periodista en América Latina. Dentro del marco del proyecto World ... more