"This report documents and analyzes coverage of the Afghan Conflict and related issues in six mainstream Pakistani news outlets [from May1, 2012 to August 31, 2012]. The following sub-themes have been tracked for monitoring and analysis: Terrorism in Afghanistan – Drone Strikes – Cross Border At
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tacks and Incursions – NATO Supply Lines – NATO Pullout and Afghan Peace Process – Pak-Afghan and Pak U.S. Relationship." (Pages 2-3)
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"The report concluded there was low climate change coverage in Tanzania from 2005 to 2008, but that coverage increased just after 2009; this was mainly due to international negotiations and agreements around the world that played a major role in shaping the REDD+ discourse, including in Tanzania. Mo
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st articles published from 2009 touched on how REDD+ will fit into the country in relation to the existing tenure system, benefit sharing and opportunity cost in relation to other land uses and resource ownership rights. There were debates on how REDD+ and conservation will improve economic growth and boost livelihood conditions. As the country was getting more and more of a grip on what REDD+ is all about, the discourse started to shift between scales; media started to get curious about issues such as benefit sharing, the carbon accounting system, and monitoring and verification. This has raised stakes and interest both for and against REDD+. The pro-REDD+ side — mainly civil society organizations (CSOs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) — see REDD+ as a game changer, while doubting it could fit with existing policies and the institutional framework of natural resources governance and management in Tanzania." (Executive summary)
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"The study samples Al Ahram, Al Wafd, the Freedom and Justice Party paper, Al Masry Al Youm, and Al Shorouk, five major dailies that represent the three categories of ownership prevalent in Egyptian media – government owned, partisan, and independent (or privately owned) papers. Using quantitative
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content analysis methodology with framing theory as a backdrop, this comparative research study aims to identify the dominant frames used across different outlets in the local press landscape to represent different political actors and issues in Egypt’s post-revolutionary political scene. The sampling period is the first nine months of the term of Egypt’s first-ever democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi. The total sample yielded 290 articles. The results show that the five newspapers employed frames that mirrored their respective affiliations and ownership. Government-run Al Ahram and the Freedom and Justice Party paper employed frames that favored the ruling regime, Al Wafd took a decidedly anti-President Morsi tone, and independent papers Al Shorouk and Al Masry Al Youm exhibited more balanced coverage." (Abstract)
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"This framing study compares Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya coverage of the Israel–Palestine conflict during the 2008/2009 Gaza conflict and one year later, during a period of calm. Findings suggest that both networks used framing mechanisms to highlight Palestinian perspectives over Israeli ones and f
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rame Palestinians as victims of Israeli aggression. The networks regularly described Palestinian casualties and showed images of Palestinian grief, provided more voice to Palestinian sources, and personalized Palestinian deaths." (Abstract)
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"This paper reveals that Cambodian newspapers have tendency towards being biased to their political affiliations. According to the findings of this study, Cambodian newspapers have three inclinations: pro-government, opposition, and neutrality. The pro-government and opposition newspapers are the ma
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jority in circulation. Most news articles published by these newspapers favor their own party‘s endeavors and concerns rather than the common public interest. There are also a small number of newspapers that claim to be neutral and independent from any political attachments. In contrast, the independent newspapers‘ contents serve public interest and are more in-depth. The case study on media coverage on the detention of 13 Beoung Kak activists, which is on the latter part of this study, proves this assertion. While it has been found that there are a few Khmer language newspapers that publish articles on this incident regularly, results of the content analysis suggests that English language newspapers more regularly and actively observe the developing story of the dispute ranging from less to most important events. Majority of the news focus on accidents, crime and land issues. This research has also observed that newspapers give more attention to recent events and issues rather than prioritizing on ongoing social problems. Opinion-based articles, news analysis of social issues and editorial are rarely published. Although editorials are appear in some newspapers, they are used to attack their enemy instead of providing solutions on the problems. When compared to English language newspapers, news reporting in some Khmer language newspapers lacks professionalism and ethical practice. In terms of news coverage, both Khmer and English newspapers are more focused on their reporting on events in Phnom Penh and undermine the news from provincial areas of Cambodia. Respondents agreed that media has an important role in building peace in Cambodia and that the local print media has yet to fulfill this crucial role due to economic, professional, and self-imposed ethical limitations. There is an immense need to educate and re-educate many Cambodian journalists to their responsibility to the public and their power to effect positive change, which includes sustainable peace." (Executive summary)
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"For six months between November 2012 and April 2013, fifty citizen watchdog monitors carefully noted incidents of hate speech and dangerous speech broadcast by five radio stations in Kenya. It was part of Internews in Kenya’s Free and Fair Media (FFM) programme aimed at working with the media to
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ensure that they covered the General Election of 2013 fairly and responsibly. Known as Citizen Watchdog, the exercise was not so much one of policing as one of accountability – to check incidents of hate speech and dangerous speech on air in the run-up to the 2013 General Election, during the election, and afterwards. Citizen Watchdog ran parallel to Internews’ support to the media through its Free and Fair Media journalism training activities focused on conflict sensitive journalism practices. The five radio stations included KBC Radio Taifa (Kenya Broadcasting Corporation), three vernacular radio stations, and one Swahili broadcaster based in the coastal region. The findings of Citizen Watchdog showed a sharp decline in cases of dangerous speech documented over the six month period: from 20 in November 2012 to zero in April 2013." (Executive summary)
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"The quantitative content analysis identified the amount and the patterns of media reporting on delicate interethnic and interfaith issues, focusing on respect of different aspects of professional and ethical standards. The method of Critical Discourse Analysis is applied for the qualitative analysi
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s of the media coverage of three events that shacked the fragile interethnic relations in the first half of 2012: the European Championship in handball in 2012, the Carnival of Vevchani, and the Smilkovsko Lake Murders. The synthesized findings clearly “detect” the extent to which basic standards of impartial, accurate and balanced reporting are being observed and the practice of using violent and emotional language through the prism of 'one’s own' ethnic group." (http://mediaobservatory.net)
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"How does media contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation in a post-conflict environment? This question will be answered in respect to the media produced by the UN and NATO mission in Kosovo (UNMIK and KFOR) from the year 1999 until 2008. The theoretical part of the text will deal with existing
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approaches to peace journalism, effective organizational communication and media effects theories. In the empirical part, the evaluation will first focus on the content of the media produced by UNMIK and KFOR in Kosovo, followed by the assessment of media production processes in both missions. Last, the dissertation will explore the impact of UNMIK's and KFOR's media within the local Kosovar population." (Back cover)
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"The Iraqi media sector is polarized, with news content often representing political positions. In a postconflict environment such as Iraq, this polarized content can become inflammatory, potentially inciting violence and diminishing the chances for Iraq to move forward in its transition to a peacef
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ul democratic society. The U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP) and the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania engaged three key parts of the media sector—Iraqi civil society media monitors, regulatory bodies, and news media—to jointly discuss and decide how best to minimize inflammatory language, while still respecting press and expression freedoms. The collaborative effort included a media content analysis that identified, defined, and measured the prevalence of inflammatory terms appearing on the newscasts of the top five Iraqi satellite stations before Iraq’s national elections in 2010. The research findings were shared with Iraqi media, civil society media monitors, and regulatory bodies to assist them in preventing inflammatory reporting. Using a set of guidelines developed by Iraqi media stakeholders and USIP, a pilot group of influential news directors, media regulators, and civil society media monitors created a style guide for conflict reporting, which provides both a reference for media to minimize the use of inflammatory terms and a starting place for Iraqis to address the issues noted in the content analysis and improve media regulation and monitoring. Building on the self-regulatory tools developed, USIP is seeking to create a network of civic organizations across Iraq that can monitor media content on a range of potential conflict issues, from elections to oil to ethnic relations." (Summary)
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"The Qatari news network, Al Jazeera, has emerged as a prime example of a global media contra-flow that has been able to give its region a voice in the international news arena. At a time when developments like the global economic crisis have called for greater checks and balances on Western governm
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ents and corporations, this paper takes a critical look at an increasingly prominent news player in the fast-growing developing region of East Asia, Channel NewsAsia, to ascertain if it is likely to rise up the ranks to the level of Al Jazeera. A critical discourse analysis comparing the coverage of Channel NewsAsia and the BBC’s most salient stories, however, shows that the Singapore-based station falls short in its claim to ‘provide Asian perspectives’ because it is constrained by political-economic factors to operate within an authoritarian developmental news model." (Abstract)
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"This article presents and discusses the results of an experiment, which gathered audience responses to television news coded as war journalism and peace journalism respectively, in two countries, Australia and the Philippines. From the peace journalism model, evaluative criteria were first derived
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as a set of headings for content analysis of existing television news as broadcast in each country. The test material was then coded to fall within the upper and lower peace journalism quintiles of the ‘idiom and range’ of local television journalism in each case. Distinctions under the headings were particularized for individual stories by critical discourse analysis, to disclose potential sources of influence transmitted into audience frames. Data about emotional responses, gathered from self-reporting questionnaires, were combined with a textual artefact, with participants completing a ‘thought-listing protocol’ as they watched. Focus groups also viewed the material and provided more in-depth narrative responses. Watching peace journalism left people less angry and fearful, and more hopeful and empathic. Peace journalism viewers were also less inclined to apportion ‘blame’ to one ‘side’, and more likely to think about cooperative solutions to the problems presented." (Abstract)
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"This report is part of an ongoing project to monitor various types of conflicts as covered by select samples of media in Pakistan, including newspapers and TV channels the media. In this report, the focus is on terrorism related conflict. The report contains in depth content analysis of terrorism r
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elated news coverage in three newspapers and three news channels, over the period of three months - i.e. from January 1st 2012 to March 31st 2012. The report has been prepared by Intermedia Pakistan, a Pakistani media development organization focusing on advocacy, research and training on media issues." (Page 2)
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"Partizipative Internettechnologien sorgen für ein verändertes Aufgabenprofil und Rollenbild von Journalisten. Besonders in Krisensituationen oder bei politischen Konflikten können Informationen, die über die sozialen Plattformen des Webs verbreitet werden, wichtige Quellen journalistischer Arbe
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it sein. Innerhalb dieser Plattformen hat Twitter in jüngster Vergangenheit große Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. In diesem Beitrag werden im Rahmen einer Fallstudie die Beziehungen des US-Journalisten Robert Mackey auf Twitter untersucht, um Erkenntnisse über dessen Rolle in einem komplexen sozialen System zu erlangen. Kontext der Untersuchung sind die politischen Unruhen in Iran nach den Wahlen am 12. Juni 2009, in deren Verlauf Journalisten auf Berichte von Augenzeugen vor Ort, verbreitet über Blogs, YouTube und Twitter, angewiesen waren. Die Untersuchung basiert auf Techniken der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse und der sozialwissenschaftlichen Inhaltsanalyse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Twitter nicht nur ein weiterer Kanal zur Verbreitung von Inhalten ist, sondern auch zum Aufspüren von Quellen, zur Anreicherung von Themen und zur Vernetzung mit unterschiedlichen Communities genutzt wird." (Abstract)
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"This paper concludes that in Africa the non-Western press may have the best chance to employ peace journalism, given its proximity to major conflicts. Nevertheless, the Kenyan press has so far failed to take advantage of an ideal opportunity for such an experiment in reporting on the war against te
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rror. Kenya's press still operates within the war journalism framework. This paper employs a theoretical approach that combines theories of media representation in mainstream journalism with the concepts of peace journalism. Methodologically, it adopts a triangulating approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative content analysis to study the representations of Operation Linda Nchi by the Kenyan Daily Nation and The Standard and thereby offers a critical appraisal of the possibility for peace journalism to cover international terrorism in Africa." (Abstract)
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"El monitoreo de medios de comunicación fue realizado con el apoyo de Solidaridad Internacional y AECID en los meses de setiembre y octubre del 2012 a los medios televisivos (América Televisión, ATV, Frecuencia Latina) y medios de prensa escrita (Trome, El Comercio, Ojo y Perú 21 y en Piura, La
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Hora, Correo y el Tiempo) [...] Las noticias sobre violencia de género son abordadas en su mayoría como temáticas policiales o judiciales, y en menor medida son vistas como una problemática social, evitando con esto que se pueda manifestar la magnitud del tema, las diversas expresiones respecto a este, así como sus causas y consecuencias, entre otros elementos que resultan importantes para el análisis. Por lo tanto, se alimenta un formato informativo que convierte al espectador en un simple receptor y no se le toma en cuenta como un actor dentro de la problemática, recortando las posibilidades de una posible intervención por parte de quien recibe la noticia. Las especialistas proponen que los medios apuesten por nuevos formatos informativos en los que se indague acerca de lo que significa la violencia contra la mujer e invite al público a reflexionar y crear en ellos una visión crítica que colabore a la prevención y atención de manera oportuna ante este tipo de casos." (Página web CONCORTV, 23.11.2012)
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Este estudio analiza 67 programas emitidos por los siete canales de televisión de señal abierta de diversos géneros: serie/telenovela, informativo, humorístico, magazín familiar, cultural, musical, infantil, concurso.
"Radio advertising in Argentina has been adapted to the changing needs of radio. This paper aims to describe and analyze the advertisement formats used in the four leading prime time programs in Argentina. The methodology is a content analysis that is applied to a sample of four programs each one wi
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th duration of four hours (ranging from 9 AM to 1 PM, Monday through Friday) for two weeks in October 2010. Therefore, the sample amounts to 160 hours of programming, 40 for each program. Sponsorships are least used, while the advertising segments are prevalent in all programs. The advertising segments are very different in length for the AM vs. FM. The “mention” has becomed increasingly common in prime time. The speaker´s role is essential to the "selling” of products or services and his function becomes more important when programs incorporate dialogue sections to include brand mentions with time for humorous banter. The terms of prime time advertising on Argentinean radio have changed in recent years in order to adapt to the current needs of radio: programming criteria, use of ss, variety of content and voices and interaction with the listener." (Abstract)
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