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Media Ownership
16
Media Concentration
14
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
11
Democracy / Democratization and Media
9
Political Economy of Media
8
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
8
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
7
Politics and Media
7
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
6
Media Law & Regulation
6
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
4
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
4
Advertising Markets & Industries
3
Government Advertising, State Advertising
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
3
Election Campaigns
3
Editorial Independence
3
Media / Communication Control
3
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
3
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
3
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
3
Journalism
3
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
3
Media & Communication Policies
3
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
3
Television Landscapes
3
Political Transition and Media
3
Self-Censorship
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
2
Social Media in Political Communication
2
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
2
Media Markets
2
Television Markets
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Election Reporting
2
Political Reporting
2
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
2
Clientelism
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Public Media, State Media
2
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Advertising Agencies
1
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
1
Agriculture
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Media Use, Media Consumption
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Censorship
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
1
Instagram
1
VK (Russian Social Network)
1
WhatsApp
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Romani People
1
Radio Markets
1
Big Enterprises
1
Neoliberalism
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
1
Environmental Activism
1
History of Media & Communication
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
USA: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
Media Assistance: Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Local Journalism
1
Television News
1
Photojournalism
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Local Television
1
Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Media Assistance Donors: Corporate Donors
1
Media Assistance Donors: Foundations & Private Donors
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Radio Policies
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Voice of America
1
Diasporas
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Populism
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Political Communication
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Political Opinion-Forming
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Public & State Television
1
Taliban
1
Islam and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Corruption & Combating Corruption
1
Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"How can current debates on ‘media capture’ be understood within the contexts of Africa and Latin America? This edited collection provides a nuanced exploration of media capture—a critical yet contested concept that examines and illuminates how media can become skewed in favour of power—whil ... more

Media Capture Monitoring Report: Overview. The European Media Freedom Act: The solution to Capture or Just Fine Print?

Vienna: International Press Institute (IPI);Media Journalism Research Center (MJRC) (2025), 30 pp.
"The portrayal of ethnic communities in the media can have a significant impact on the everyday life of these groups – both in a positive and negative way. Often, the dominant depictions in mainstream media are created without the community's involvement and are dominated by stereotypes. To deal w ... more
"In the second decade of the 21st century, Bulgaria earned the unsavory reputation of having the least media freedom in the EU’s (Reporters Without Borders). This paper examines the current state of Bulgarian media based on two research concepts: for instrumentalization, respectively the capture o ... more
"In this article, we use Shoemaker and Reese’s hierarchy of influences (HOI) model as a framework to investigate the ways in which Egyptian journalists perceive the influences exerted on them in the context of the post-Arab Spring transition. Our findings show that perceptions of limitations to jo ... more
"Guinea.Bissau's media have negotiated their roles and freedoms within the postcolonial national construct since its official independence from Portugal in 1974. While the current media landscape is relatively pluralistic, journalists experience constraints from various sides: political pressures, u ... more
"How did the Trump administration capture one of the world’s most important public service news networks? This book uses rare interviews and an analysis of private correspondence and internal documents to explain why and how Voice of America (VOA) became intensely politicized from 2020 to 2021. It ... more
"We provide a historically informed analysis of the media in post-communist Mongolia thirty years after the transition. In 1990, Mongolia chose a peaceful transition towards liberal democracy following the seventy years of the communist regime. Our analysis first establishes that amid the challenges ... more
"Responding to mounting calls to decenter and decolonize journalism, The Routledge Companion to Journalism in the Global South examines not only the deep-seated challenges associated with the historical imposition of Western journalism standards on constituencies of the Global South but also the opp ... more
"As the literature aimed at defining and explaining media capture has grown in recent years so has the interest in documenting the impact of capture in greater depth. There is still a relatively wide gap between the literature focused on defining and describing the concept, which is rich and increas ... more
"Lebanon and Tunisia are two of the freest countries in the Middle East and North Africa, but elites in both countries seek to manipulate media organisations and individual journalists to shore up support for themselves and attack opponents. This book explores the political role of journalism in the ... more

Investing in Facts: How the Business Community Can Support a Healthy Infosphere

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA);Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE) (2023), 33 pp.
"This report builds off research conducted in Czechia, Romania, and Serbia by an international team of media experts. The research aimed to identify inspiring and impactful ways that the private sector in these countries is engaging in efforts to counter disinformation and bolster independent journa ... more
"This paper explores the Taliban government's media capture strategies since retaking the country on August 15, 2021, and how journalists and media outlets have responded to these strategies. In particular, it focuses on the Taliban government's approach to the media, given the recent political tran ... more
"This paper focuses on the (in)direct tools of governmental bureaucracy used to control journalistic work in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). It calls for understanding media capture not only through structural-level consequences, but also through the methods used to create an environment of inst ... more
"Martin Marinos applies a critical political economy approach to place Bulgarian right-wing populism within the structural transformation of the country’s media institutions. As Marinos shows, media concentration under Western giants like Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung and News Corporation have l ... more
"Who owns the media and communications in Africa today and with what implications? The book elegantly answers this urgent question by unpacking multiple dimensions of media ownership through rare and authoritative perspectives, including both historical and contemporary digital developments. It trac ... more